Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin: Kawaihae a me na hana

Nikolai Karamzin, kona Kawaihae hoʻomaka December 1, 1766, i hānauʻia ma Simbirsk mokuna i loko o ka poe ilihune aliʻi ohana o ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i a me ka naauao makua. Ka mua ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka kekahi kula Kumu Shadena. Ma hope iho o ia, e like nui no hoi na naita ma ui kanaka, hele aku la ia e lawelawe i loko o ka na kiai, ka mea i manaoia kekahi o ka maikaʻi.

Ka mea, ua i keia manawa, Nikolai Karamzin, he pōkole Kawaihae i ua hōʻike i loko o keia pepa no ka manawa mua pono ike i ka pono o ko lākou mauʻaoʻao, okoa mai ka maʻamau: he holomua 'oihana, nohona kūlana haʻahaʻa, koikoi, a me ka hanohano. ,ʻo ole a pau keia i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo. e lawelawe i loko o ka poʻe koa i emi ma mua o ka makahiki ma hope,ʻo ia mea i loko o ka haʻahaʻa o ka huakaʻi o ka lutanela i ka 1784, ua haʻalele nō naʻe, a hoi aku la i kona hanau Simbirsk.

Life i loko o ka moku'āina Simbirsk

Externally Karamzin i noho ai hokai ana, puehu wale aku no ke ola o ke kanaka, ua Kauhalenuiʻano a me nā koa i hiipoi a me nā wāhine. Nikolai Mikhailovich kaila lole, e kiai ana i ko lakou mau helehelena, pāʻani pepa. Ma ka moku'āina kala ia ua akamai a me ka maikaʻi loa Hekikai. Akā, i kēia a pau - wale ka mawaho hoikeana o konaʻano.

I keia manawa, Karamzin, nona Kawaihae mea waiwai ma muli o kona kulana unexpected 'ana e haʻalele o nā hanana, a me seriously manaʻo e pili ana i kā lākou wahi i loko o ke ola, heluhelu i ka hailona, halawai hana hoihoi kanaka. He ua mua loaa hoʻonaʻauao i ka pono, akā, mau no ka Hawaiʻi ma ka e loaa hou ka ike i loko o nā kula. Most Karamzin hoihoi i ka mōʻaukala, a me ka moʻokalaleo kālaiʻike.

Family hoa Ivan Petrovich Turgenev, Mason a me ka mea kākau, i paʻa i loko o ka aloha me Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov (e noho anaʻo he Mason, he loea kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa, puke hoʻopuka a me ka satirist), hoʻokaniʻo ia i ke kūlana i loko o ke ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Ma kona kamaʻilio, Nikolai Mikhailovich neʻe i Moscow, a halawai me ka pōʻai o Novikov. Pela no, hoomaka ae la he hou ka wā i loko o kona ola ana, e uhi ana i ka manawa, mai 1785 a hiki i 1789 makahiki. E ka i aku nei au i kekahi mau olelo e pili ana i ka mea kaawale.

Familiarity me na kalaipohaku

I ka hui 'eha-makahiki me ka pōʻai o nā kālai pōhaku maoli ke ala Karamzin, i kona ola a me ka manaʻo hoʻololi. E noke i ua ole i maopopo maopopo i ka mōʻaukala o Freemasonry ma Rusia. Ua Ua lōʻihi, ua noʻonoʻo 'epekema likeʻano nui reactionary. Eia naʻe, i loko o nā makahiki, ka kekahi okoa he wahi o Hawaii ma keia neʻeʻana.

Masonic keʻena liʻiliʻi i hana pono a me ka hoʻomana koʻikoʻi a hanohano, ma muli no ka manawa mua i loko o 'Enelani i ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, a ma hope i loko o nā Hawaii, a me ko kakou aupuni. Ke kumu o ka Code, a hooia ana no ka poe kalai pohaku, o ka pono o ka uhane i ke oo loa ana o ke kanaka. Ka mea, ua i kona pili aupuni polokalamu, pili kēia e pili ana i ka haipule a me ka pono. No na hana o Freemasons i ua wehewehe aku ma ka moʻolelo keaka waleʻano hana, pohihihi, hookahi a me nā rituals, me he mystical connotation. Ua ua piha o intellectually a me ka uhane, wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe pono kumu a me ka koʻikoʻio. Poe kalai pohaku mālama a kaʻawale lākou. Ia ia i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka mau lewa hoʻopuni mai Karamzin. Hoomaka ae la oia e kamaʻilio me ka hoihoi 'kanaka: Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov (e nānā Hawaii photo ma lalo nei), a Alekseem Mihaylovichem Kutuzovym. I ka hopena o ia mau kāʻeʻaʻeʻa personalities i ka ikaika impetus no ka hooulu ana i ka palapala, ai hookahi talena, a me kona makakū ka hoʻoponopono-paa.

First Karamzin translates i loko o Lūkini fiction, a ma hope, hoomaka ae la e kākau no ka Magazine "Children ka Reading", ke hoʻopuka o i ua Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov, i kona poetic hana mua. Ka mea, iloko oia kau mea e manao ana o kona talena like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

Akā, 'aneʻi na welau o ka wā o ka hoʻoponopono mea e manaʻo ai, a me ka mea, i ka Masonic wā o ke ola o ka mea opiopio kākau moʻolelo. Mōlina Masonic keʻena liʻiliʻi lilo kokoke iā ia,ʻo ia manao e ike i ke ola i loko o kona richness, kona 'ano a me ke' ano. I mea e lilo i ka 'oihana kākau moʻolelo,' oe makemake e 'ike mua lima kona pono a me ka hewa aoao. Nolaila, Karamzin, kona Kawaihae ua noʻonoʻo i loko o ka? Aieao o kēia puke, e waiho ana na kalaipohaku a me embarks ma luna o ka hele ana.

Hele ana ma Europa

E hana i kēia, Nikolai Mikhailovich kau iho la i kona taluk a hoʻoholo i ka hoʻolilo i ke kālā ma luna o ka hele ana a hiki iʻEulopa, laila, e hōʻike ia. Ua ua i ka i hoakaka lea mai, a hana mua i ka manawa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, no ka Karamzin ano o ia mea haawi i ke ola i na dala i loaa mai o ka hereditary aina, a kākoʻo ana ia lakou iho ma ka hana o serfs. Aia iā Nikolai Mikhailovich e loaʻa i ka poʻe e ola ana ma kā lākou mau hana 'oihana kākau moʻolelo.

Kahi'ē,ʻo ia hoolilo ana o ka makahiki, a me ka hapalua, ua hele ia Kuikilana, Kelemania, England a me Palani. Karamzin, kona Kawaihae ua ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kēia' atikala, loaa ka ike me ka hana hoihoi a koʻikoʻi kanaka o kēia mau'āina,ʻaʻole e manao ana e like me ka moku'āina, ho i koʻu aupuni he nui loa no hoi. He nānā, hoolohe mai ia, a hoʻopaʻa '. Nikolai Mikhailovich o Laielohelohe kanaka i ka wahi i noho ai, mōʻaukala kahua, nā hale hana, kulanui, alanui Kuʻu, Hawaii, lepohao ahaaina.

He ua i ka loiloi, a hoohalike i ka huapalapala a me ka aoao o ka hana aupuni, a nānā aku i nā hiʻona o ka olelo, i kākau ai i loko o kona puke hōʻike no alanui, e hoohuli, mālama i ka mooolelo o ka okoa ninaninau 'ana a me kā lākou mau manaʻo. Ma ka haule ana o ka 1790 Karamzin hoi i Rusia, a laila, hoomaka ae la e hai aku i ka "Moscow Pai", a waiho i nā 'atikala, moʻolelo, poem. Aia i paiia, a me ke kaulana "palapala o ka Lūkini hele", a lawe mai la ia ia nui kaulana, "poe ilihune Liza".

Ka puke o ka Alemanaka

Over ka mea e hiki mai ana mau makahiki, Nikolai Mikhailovich publishes anthologies, i waena o ka mea i he ekolu-ka leo anthology "Aoide", kākau i loko o ke kumu holoholomoku, e like me ka ohi ana o "kaʻu trifles", i ka loaʻa o keʻano o ka moʻolelo a me ka poem. I Karamzin hele lono. He ua ike a aloha ole wale i loko o na mau poo, elua (Moscow a me St. Petersburg), akā, ma Rusia.

Ka mōʻaukala puke "Marfa Posadnitsa"

Kekahi o na hana mua o Karamzin, kākau i loko o Ana Aina, ua paʻiʻia ma 1803. "Marfa Posadnitsa" (he 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke - mōʻaukala puke). Ua Ua kākau loa ma mua o ka kuko no na novels Valtera Skotta ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma Rusia. Ma kēia moʻolelo Karamzin maopopo attraction e kahiko, Classics e like me ka unattainable maikaʻi o ka pono, ua? Oaony i kakahiaka nui me ka hapalua like 1790s ma Utopia "Athenian ola."

Ma ka moʻolelo, ke palapala kahiko o ka paio ana o Novgorod a me Moscow ua hōʻike ma kana hana, Nikolai Karamzin. "Kiaaina ka Wahine" hoala nui philosophical nīnau: e pili ana i ke aupuni mō'ī a me ka repubalika, na kanaka, a me nā alakaʻi o ke "Akua" mōʻaukala predestination a me ka hookuli ana o ke kanaka e ia ia. Nā sympathies o ka mea kākau, he pono ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Novgorodians a me Mareta, a me ka ole o ka monarchical Moscow. Kēia moʻolelo i 'akomi i a me ideologicalʻokoʻa o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. I ka mōʻaukala oiaio ua, o ka papa, ma kaʻaoʻao o Novgorod. Naʻe, Novgorod ua make, heʻino paha'ōuli i precursors pilikia ka make ana o ke kulanakauhale, a ma hope ka mea, hui.

I ka moʻolelo "poe ilihune Liza"

Akā, ua i ka pomaikai nui loa i ka moʻolelo "poe ilihune Liza", i i paʻiʻia hoʻi i ka 1792. mea like i loko o Western moʻokalaleo o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, i ka moʻolelo a pehea ke alii alakai hewa kua'āina a haʻahaʻa o bourgeois, ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo ulu mua i loko o ka moʻolelo Karamzin. Kawaihae morally maemae, maikai kaikamahine, a me ka manaʻo e like lono kaumaha hopena hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka puni aku o ka lanakila, ka pilina i ka pomaikai nui o keia huahana. I nui i ka mea ana HI Karamzin ( "poe ilihune Liza" i kona "hana kāleka") ao mai la ia i kona mau poʻe heluhelu, e hai i ka nani o ka makuwahine ano, a aloha aku iā ia. Humanistic kohoʻia o ka hana i ua invaluable no ka moʻokalaleo o ka manawa.

Moʻolelo "Natalia, ka Boyar ka ke kaikamahine"

Ma ka la 1792, Ua hānauʻiaʻo ia ma luna o ka moʻolelo "Natalia, Boyar mau kaikamahine." Ia mea,ʻaʻole i maopopo loa me ka "poe ilihune Liza", akā, komo loa nui pono nīnau i hana ino mai ai i kona wā HI Karamzin. Kekahi o ka mea nui hana o ka pilikia o ka hanohano.

Alex aloha Natalia, ua he kanaka pono ka mea i Lūkini tsar. A no keia mea ua hai aku i kona "hewa" i kidnapped kaikamahine o Matthew Andreyev punahele Boyar mō'ī. Akā, i ke aliʻi hoʻomaikaʻi aku ko laua mare ana, no ka mea, Alex - he kohu kūpono ke kanaka. Ua hana a ke kaikamahine o ka makua kāne. Makou manao i ka moʻolelo, ka mea kākau kākau i ka hui i noho paha, a ua kanuʻia ihola ia pu. Ka mea, i kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka oiaio ke aloha a me ka Temepela i ka Emperor.

Ma ka moʻolelo, a i hanaia e Karamzin ( "Boyar ka ke kaikamahine"), i ke kahe o ka hanohano mea inseparable, mai ka hana ana o ke alii. Happy o ka mea ka mea makemake i ka Emperor. No laila, i ke ola ana o keia ohana e hoʻomōhala ana i ai maikai, no ka mea, noloko ua uku.

pono iaia

Moku'āina wa opiopio uku hana o Karamzin. Hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o kāna mau hana i ka oluolu, conversational, ma kona ano maoli mika, leo hone, a ma ka mea ia manawa kemokalaka noʻeau ano, ua hoʻokahuli aupuni i ka olelo o ka pokole o na hana lehulehu. Mua ia o Adamu i ka manaʻo o ka pīhoihoi, hana hoihoi ka heluhelu, a me ka mea, i ka hoomana ana i ka palapala, ai 'mea kākau.

Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu mea,ʻo ka hailona ana o kanaka, ke nânâ i nui hiʻona. Ma Moscow,ʻo hoihoi hou kanaka, mai nā mea a pau ma ka aina e, e ike i ka punahele kākau moʻolelo. Lysine loko iʻa, ua kaulana no nā hanana o ka moʻolelo "poe ilihune Liza" e hele ana maʻaneʻi, aia i loko o ka suburban kauhale o Kolomenskoye, oia hoʻomaka e pāʻani i ke kūlana o ka symbolic wahi, e hele mai iʻaneʻi, i ka hoakaka ana i ke aloha a me ka uwe wale.

Hana ma luna o ka "History o ka Lūkini aupuni"

Ma hope o ka manawa Karamzin ikaika a koke hoʻololi i kona ola. Ma ka haʻalele 'fiction,ʻo ia ke laweʻia me ka nui mōʻaukala hana - ". Ka History o ka Lūkini moku'āina" I ka manao o keia hana, apparently, ua lōʻihi uaʻoihana kaua i loko o kona manaʻo.

I ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia i hoomaka ai ka noho alii ana o Alexander I, ka punahele moopuna o Ana II. Ka manawa mua, oia ua he kupono a me ka naauao luna. Ka mōʻaukala kakou kamailio ana e like me "Alexander Hao" komo aku la i ka inoa.

Karamzin hoa a me ka kumu mua o ka opiopio Emperor, HI Ua kohoia ka holo akula intercede ma i Nikolai Mikhailovich kākau moʻolelo 'aha hoʻokolokolo. Kēia manawa ua nui loa nui no Karamzin, a hoike ia ia i ka wa pono nui. Ano, loaa mai la oia i ka hoomau (e like me ka makou i ike, i kekahi 'ano o ka hiki' ana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ua). Akā loa importantly, he komo i ka mōʻaukala palapala, ua ka nui. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, kona Kawaihae ua hōʻike mai iā ia i kou noonoo, ua komo 'o loko o ka hana: oia heluhelu i kākau limaʻia a me nā puke ma luna o ka mōʻaukala, ua kālailai i nā tomes kahiko, i kakau inoa, ua like kā.

He mea eha e noonoo ai i na i ka nui hana hana kākau moʻolelo Karamzin. Ma hope iho o ka hanaia'na o ka poe umikumamalua puke o kona "History o ka Lūkini State" pau keia la iwakalua-ekolu makahiki o ka hana, mai ka 1803 a hiki i 1826 ka hōʻike o ka mōʻaukala hanana ua okoa, e like me ka hiki i hiki, kaulike a me ka pono, e like me ka nani nō kaila. Ka kakou kamailio ana i lawe mai ai i ka "manawa o ka pilikia" i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Ka Make o Nikolai Mikhailovich i ae e lawe mai i ka nui-me ka unahiʻole papahana a hiki i ka hopena.

Karamzin hana, i kana mau palapala i hele umikumamalua puke, ma hope kekahi i kekahi, kena ae la he nui heluhelu 'pane. Paha no ka manawa mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke pai buke ua hoʻonāukiuki aku i kēia o ka lahui ike paka i ka Lūkini poe kanaka. Karamzin ike kanaka i kona moʻolelo, a wehewehe i kona hala.

Ka maʻiʻo o ka hana, ua heleʻano ambiguously. Pela, i hāliu mai i ko ke ku okoa ana-puni opiopio kanaka e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ke kākoʻo o ke aupuni mō'ī, a ua hōʻike mai ia ma ka 'aoʻao o "Ka History o ka Lūkini State" Karamzin kākau moʻolelo. A'ōpio Pushkin kakau iho la oia i ka wiwo ole au epigrams ma ke kaulana o moʻolelo i loko o kēlā mau makahiki. E like me ia ia ia, i kēia hana a ua hooiaio ae "o ka nele ana o autocracy a me ka kaʻume o ka hahau."

Karamzin, o ka puke,ʻaʻole e haʻaleleʻoe indifferent, ma muli o ka noʻonoʻo loi i mau Ua haʻahaʻa-ki, a malie iho la ike like kahakaha a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi.

Manao ma ka "History o ka Lūkini aupuni" A. Pushkin

Hoʻoneʻe i St. Petersburg,ʻo ia, mai makahiki 1816, paʻa ihola nā kauwela ma Tsarskoye Selo me kona ohana. Karamzins - hoʻokipa lehulehu ka poe i lawe i loko o kā lākou mau mea ola a na kaulana haku mele me Vyazemsky, Zhukovsky a me Batyushkov a me ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i opiopio. Aia ua pinepine ka opiopio LIKE Pushkin enthusiastically e hoolohe i haiia ae la maluna poem mua, mālama i kāna wahine, HI Karamzin, i hou opiopio, akā, onaona a me ka akamai wahine, ka mea ana i makau ole ai i ke ahiahi, hoouna aku i kekahi hoakaka o ke aloha. Akamai a me ka hoao ana i ka liana a Karamzin wale aku la oia i ke kanaka uʻi i kona wiwo epigrams ma "Mōʻaukala".

He umi makahiki ma hope, Pushkin, ua he oʻo kanaka, he okoa nana i ka hana nui o Nikolai Mikhailovich. I ka 1826, oiai ma ka hoʻokuewa wale 'ia i loko o St Michael ka, i kākau ai i loko o "Notes ma ka hoʻonaʻauao" E e aoia lakou i Lūkini mōʻaukala e like me Karamzin, a kapa aku ia hana mea i pono i ka hana o ke kakaolelo nui, akā, i ka mama o ka pono ke kanaka.

Ma ka aoao o Alexander, ka mea, uaʻaʻole he lima kolohe 'ana o ke aloha a hiki i na luna ma ka manaolana o ke kala, a me ka hoʻi mai ka pio. 'Aʻole i pau, no ka mea, o ka makahiki ma hope, ma hope hoi mai Pushkin hou hoʻi mākou i ka "History", hookahi manawa hou mahalo' kona kiʻekiʻe.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Karamzin ano makemake ole e piha me ka hōʻike o nā makahiki hope o kona ola. Ka hope makahiki he umi i Ua pomaikai loa. He ua he hoaaloha no ke tsar, Alexander I. Friends pinepine hele pu i loko o ka Park, he lōʻihi manawa e kamailio ana, peacefully a me ke kiʻekiʻe. He hiki i ke Auguseto, e ike ana i ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka'ē Nikolai Mikhailovich, hai aku ia ia he nui loa aku ma mua o ka hale kula. Karamzin pinepine kū'ē'ē 'oe i nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē a me ka manaʻo o Alexander I. naʻe,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i lawe hewa i ka mea, a ua hoolohe mai akahele, a i memo. "A leo ma ka Rusia kahiko a me ka hou", a ka mea kākau moʻolelo imua o ka Auguseto, he he lākou o nā kumu i loko o a ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ole aelike me ke aupuni pilikino E pili ana i ka manawa.

Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, kona mau buke, he mau loa mahalo, oiai kona wa e ola ana, i ole piʻi i kekahi palapala hoʻokō, aole kumu. Naʻe, ka mea e e olelo mai ana ia ia i ke kāʻei, aʻo ia, akā naʻe, mau ia me ka irony a me ka Quotes.