Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii: Leeuwerikplein wahi,'ōnaehana, nui na kulanakauhale

Chernigov (a Chernihiv-Seversky) na'lii i kekahi o ka mea nui Hui Pūʻia, i puka mua e like me ka ona o ka Rurik. Na na'lii a ua mau listen kekahi mau kulanakauhale, no ka mea, i loko o ka hopena ia haule 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu i loko o liʻiliʻi fiefdoms. Ma ka XIV kenekulia ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania komo mawaena o subordinated aina Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii.

Ke maoli rula a me na mokuna o ke alii

I ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi o ka na'lii a aia i loko o ke kīʻaha o ka Desna, a me ka Sejm, i haawi ai i ka hikina kapa o ka Dnieper. C. Don poʻe kālepa kauo kiʻi iʻai ia mea, haule i loko o ka nui aʻe ana, a mai ka mea - ma ka Dnepr. Ua mea ma luna o ka oihana i loko o kēia mau muliwai, a ma muli o ko lākou mana Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii. Ka hoohana heluna he typical no kikowaena'āina Rusia i ka manawa. A nui hapa o ka mahi aina, oki iho la ia a me ke ahi o ka ulu lāʻau.

Over na makahiki, Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a meʻokoʻa i nā wahi. No ka hapanui o kona mōʻaukala i loko o ka West, ka mea i kaupalena ai i ka aina o Chernigov, ma ka hikina ma kona piko i komo o Moore. Ka loa nui ma hope o Chernigov ka hapanui o nā moʻolelo i koe Novgorod-Seversky, ma na makahiki hope o ke kuokoa ola o ka piko o kēia moku'āina o kona kūlanakauhale,ʻo ia ka Bryansk.

Na'lii i kuokoa

No ka mea manawa mua Chernihiv lilo i ka piko o ka hookaawale na'lii a ma hope o ke kaua ana o hardwood i ka 1024. 'O kēia ke kaua hope, a nui ma waena o nā keiki kāne a St. Vladimir. Iloko o ke kaua Mstislav mau aiʻulupā Yaroslav Vladimirovich (ka Wise hope), akā, i ole e hoʻomau i ke kaua, a kaumaha aku i ka lawe subordinate e puʻunaue i ka'āina. Mstislav ili i ke kulanakauhale nui o ka poe pono i ho'āʻo Chernigov. Akā, Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a i ole komo i loko o ka maka o keia kupanaha inoa kapakapa Prince E lawe i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka nohoaliʻi ai - kana wale nō keiki Eustace make ma mua o kona makua kāne, a me kona mau i ole haʻalele hooilina. Pela no ia i ka 1036 Mstislav make ma ka huli holoholona, me kona mau waiwai a pau ma lalo o ka mana o Yaroslav.

Yaroslav Mudry, e like me ka mea uaʻike, ma mua o kona make ana i puunaue i kona noho ana i waena o kāna mau keiki kāne. Chernihiv loaʻa Svyatoslav. A laila, lilo iho la ia i kūʻokoʻa wā e hiki mai Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii. Luna o kona mau mamo aliʻi i kapaʻia Olegovichy ma ka aoao o kana keiki Svyatoslav Oleg.

E kaua i ka hooilina Yaroslava Mudrogo o ka na'lii a

Yaroslav Mudry i hoʻoili ai ekolu kāna mau keiki kāne, e noho i loko o ke ao nei. Mau keiki kāne (Izyaslav, Vsevolod a me Svyatoslav) a he mau aneane 20 makahiki - ka mea, i kekahi o ka Union, i ua manawa kapaia ka Triumvirate Yaroslavichy.

Akā, i ka 1073, a me ke kākoʻo mai o Vsevolod, Svyatoslav hookuke aku Izyaslav, a lilo Grand Duke, hui ma lalo o kona noho aliʻiʻana o ka Kyiv a me Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii. Ma hope o nā makahikiʻekolu, Svyatoslav make no ka mea, ho'āʻo unsuccessfully e wehe i kaʻeho. A laila, Vsevolod hoolaulea Izyaslav hoi me, mai Poland, haawi aku la ia i ka noho aliʻi o Kiev, a ua ukuia no ia e ia Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii.

poe hoahanau pilikino E pili ana i redistribution o ka aina, ua hoonele ia na keiki a Svyatoslav a Chernigov. Ka mea, e hele a me keia. Ke kuleana kaua ma keia kahua i ke kaua ma luna o Nezhatina Field. I keia manawa, Vsevolod luku aku, Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a waiho no lakou ia ia (me luawai me Kiev, no ka mea, Izyaslav make mai kaʻenemi ihe).

Ke plight o Oleg Svyatoslavich: huakaʻi i ke kai

E like me aʻu i haiia ae maluna, ma ka hopenaʻano o Chernigov-Seversk ka luna i hele ai kaʻoi loa ma Oleg Svyatoslavich. Akā, i ke ala a hiki i kona makua kāne hoʻoilina ua nui loa,ʻaʻole maʻalahi.

Ma hope o ka make i loko o ke kaua o Nezhatina Nive Olegu a me ka Roma e hoʻokele i pakele ai i ka'āina hoʻoili o ka lua - Tmutarakan. Akā koke i ka Roma pepehi kumakaia i kona mau allies, Cumans, Khazars a me Oleg hopu a hoolilo no Constantinople.

Ua ua i ike i na manao a pau i loko o ka Byzantine Auguseto e pili ana i ka moʻopuna Yaroslava Mudrogo, ma kekahi hihia ka mea, ua hoʻololi dramatically ma hope o ka kipi ana o ka mea kaulana Varangian koa, a laila, he mau kanaka o ka aina Lūkini.

Politically ohohia i loko o kēia hanana i ole: e na koa, i loko o kaʻona noho, hooukaia mai ka imperial keena moe. Olelo nele, i ka i komo i kala akā, a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia mai ke kapikala, a me ka Varangian poe kiai, mai ia manawa oia no ka Anglo-Sākona, ka mea i mahuka maiʻEnelani ma hope o ka aina ai e William no ka naʻi aupuni. No 'ike e pili ana i Oleg komo i loko o ke kipi ana, akā, ka mea i hoʻouna pū - ma ka mokupuni o Rode.

Ma ka hihia o Oleg Hana i nā hoomaka ae la e hoʻoikaika 'ana. He mare i ka kūloko Luna o ka influential ohana Feofano Muzalon. I ka 1083, ua apparently me ke kōkua o ke Byzantine poe, pepehi hoʻolele ka Khazars a lilo Tmutarakani i ke aliʻi, i ka mea Byzantine kia'āina.

Ke plight o Oleg Svyatoslavich: e hoʻi i Chernihiv

I ka 1093, make iho la Vsevolod Yaroslavich a me Polovtsy pepehi i ka aina Lūkini, me Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii, ka Leeuwerikplein kulana ua hala loa ae i ka nomadic kanaka o na steppes o ka Black Sea e hiki aku i laila. Ua kākoʻo i ka Cumans Oleg Svyatoslavich, e kaua aku i kona makuakane i ka hoʻoilina. Ku ei na nomads i kaulana keiki Vsevolod Vladimir Monomah.

ʻO kēia mau makahiki ua Svyatoslavich Chernihiv. He lilo pili ia ia, a me na kulanakauhale e ae o ke alii, hele Hiking ma Moore, Rostov a me Suzdal, akā, ua hee o ia e nā keiki kāne Vladimira Monomaha Mstislav a me Vyacheslav a me Polovtsian (ka mea e hana ana ma kaʻaoʻao o Vladimir).

E hoʻouka i ka malu hope ma waena o ka Lūkini aliʻi, i ka 1097 ua hana hoʻokipa i ke kaulana Ahaolelo Lahui ma Lubicz. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea hoʻopaʻa i ka welelau o i ka disintegration o Sana Vladimir hoʻoilina ma kahi. Akā, no kēia 'atikala, ia mea pono i ka Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii, hoʻowahāwahā i ka pio ana o Oleg, Prince neʻe i keia hope loa.

Novgorod Severskij hookaawale mai na'lii a

I Kekahi Mau fragmentation - manawa a eia i kaua ma waena o nā aliʻi. Kokoke a pau o ia i imi e hoÿonui ai i ko ona, a me na mea he nui - e lawe i ka noho aliʻi ma Kiev. 'Imi' ole i loko o kēia mau kaua a me Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii. Kuʻe Huli henua (koke ia Kiev a me ka hooponopono ana ma luna o kekahi hapa o ka Dnieper) ka mea i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai. No ka mea, Ua i hōkaiʻia hou he wahi lihi iki o ka na'lii.

Nui na'lii a disintegrated i loko o liʻiliʻi fiefs. Novgorod-Seversky lilo i ka piko o ke kaawale na'lii a hou no ka hoʻoponopono ' i ka Ahaolelo o nā aliʻi i loko o Liubech i ka 1097, akā, no ka lōʻihi manawa ia i ke kiaaina o ka hooilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi ma Chernigov. I ka 1164, ma hope o ka make Svyatoslava Olgovicha, i ka aelike, ua manao ma waena o kāna keiki, Oleg, a me ka makahiapo o nā hoahānau Oleg - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. E like me ia mea, mua au i hele i Chernigov, a me ka lua o ka - Novgorod-Seversky. Pela, i loko o kēia mau kūlanakauhale a hoomaka ae la e alii ai maluna o ke aupuni kūʻokoʻaʻana.

Ua hoomau fragmentation a me kēia mau ko na'lii, i loko o liʻiliʻi fiefdoms.

Batu ka kaua

Disintegrated i loko o ka poe liilii, fiefdoms na'lii a hiki i loaʻa i ka Tatar-Mongol koa alakaʻiʻia Batu Khan (i loko o Lūkini moolelo Batu). He nui nā ho'ākāka no keia, kekahi o na kumu nui - ke kulanakauhale ua i hui pu i loko o ka maka o ka na enemi. Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a - he pilikia makapō e hooiaio ai.

Ua lilo i ka pahu hopu o kaʻenemi ka papa kuhikuhiE hahau i ka 1239, akā, ua pepehiʻia i ka mua o kona hooilina nae i loko o ka-ka m 1238 mua. Ma hope o ka pahuna ihe mua, Prince Mihail Chernigovsky i makaukau i ka repel i ka papa kuhikuhiE kŰia. He holo aku la ia Hungary, he mau makahiki hoʻi, hele aku la i ka iā Goga, a make iho la no ka hoole i ka hana pagan rituals (canonized like me ka haipule noʻu), akā, ma luna o ke kahua kaua e kū'ē i ka Tatar-Mongol i ole hookuu.

Hoomalu ana Chernihiv poai puni mua piʻi wale i ka nohoalii aliʻi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Mstislav Glebovich. Akā, me kākoʻo ku Chernihiv koena o ka na'lii, a ua hee o, holo hou Mstislav ma Hungary.

Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a lilo kaulana, a me ka hoomalu ana o kekahi o kona mau kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi - Kozelsk. Ke kūlanakauhale rula keiki luna (ka mea, ua 12), akā, ka mea i kūkulu impregnable. Kozelsk Ua aia ma luna o ka puʻu ma waena o nā muliwai (Zhizdra a Drugusnoy) me ka pali mau kapa a pau. Ke pale ana 7 pule (hou hiki ke pale wale i ka ikaika Kiev). Me ka nui loa, Kozelsk kaua wale: o ka papa koa o Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii, i ka 1238, nō pili kēia untouched ma ke kaua, i ole e hele mai i kona kōkua.

Ma lalo o ka Tatar-Mongolʻauamo

Ma hope iho o ka naʻi aupuni o Lūkini aina ka Tatar-Mongol aupuni a wawahi ae la i. Batu Khan Ua 'Imi komo i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i nā mamo a Genghis Khan i kekahi i kekahi. E like me ka hopena, lilo 'o ia i ka luna o kekahi o na hakina o kona mana - ke Gula iā Goga (i hoʻolohe a me ka Lūkini'āina).

Ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi o ke Gula iā Goga luna i i nalowale i ko lakou mana, akā, e loaʻa iā ia ke kuleana e hōʻoia ana ia, no ka mea, a hele aku la i ka iā Goga, e loaa ka ai-kapaiaʻoneki. Aggression ua pono, e kahu ai i ka aina Lūkini i na mea kaua ia lakou iho Lūkini.

Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a hooponopono i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka mea hookahi rula. Akā, kona kikowaena 'oni iki. Ano, o ka luna nui , hoomaka ae la o Chernigov, e alii ai maluna o mai Bryansk. He nui emi o Chernigov a me Novgorod-Seversky i ae mai i ke kaua.

Olegovichy i mea ole hiki ke hoonohonoho i ka pale o ka na'lii a nalowale i ka inoa. Over manawa ka mea, loaa ae nei i ka luna o Smolensk.

I ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania

I ka 1357 hoopio aku Bryansk Grand Duke o Lithuania Algirdas. Koke ia ke koena o ka hoʻoilina Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a kekahi hapa o ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania. He kumukuai i ka i ana i kekahi mau olelo e pili ana i Algirdas kona hoʻoikaikaʻana Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii i hele mai, mai ka mana o ka Tatar-Mongol.

Algirdas ua i ke keikikane a ka mea mua Grand Duke o Lithuania Gedemin, akā,ʻo ia i kākoʻo 'ia e kona kaikaina Keistut 4 makahiki make o kona makua kāne ma hope o ka loaʻaʻana Kiekie mana. O kona loa kaulana keiki - Jagiello. Penei, ka mea, ua i nā mamo a Algirdas he Jagiellonians - mamo aliʻi, a alii iho la oia ma kekahi mau aina o ka hikina a me CentralʻEulopa.

A lohe o Algirdas a Kęstutis loaa mana i loko o ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania, ka mea, kaʻana mana. Keystut hana i loko o ka hoomalu ana o ke komohana palena, kona papa kuhikuhiEʻenemi e noho ana i ka Crusaders. Algirdas kekahi i ka hikina kuwaho. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hoa paio i ka Zolotaya Orda a kalele iho ma luna o kona noho ana (i kekahi o ka mea i ma ka manawa Muscovy). Algirdas pomaikai. He luku aku i ka Tartars i ka 1362 i ka nui kaua ma Blue wai, a hui i ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania na kahiko e noho ai o ka Rurik. He lilo i ka mea nona o ke kapikala a me ka mea mua Lūkiniʻana - Kiev.

I ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania no ka lōʻihi manawa i koe kū kaʻawale, ma keia hope aku i nā hiʻona o Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii, no ka mea, technically ka mea, noho kuokoa, ka mea e hoonoho ke alii kiaaina ana o Vilna. Ka hope keia o Prince Roma Mikhailovich, ka mea makemake ma hope alii ai maluna o Smolensk, kahi i loko o 1401 ia i make ma ka huhu e noho ana o ke kulanakauhale. Ma ka XV kenekulia, i ka'āina hoʻoili o ka mea kahiko Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a lilo kona kuokoa.

afterword

Mawaena o na Hui Pūʻia, a wawahi ae la i ka manawa, 'amelika moku'āina o Rurik, he loa nui i ka Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii. Ano o kona moʻolelo mea typical o na mea he nui ma ka pili ana i na waiwai kahiko Yaroslava Mudrogo, akā, i kona ao alohilohi i hana hoihoiʻaoʻao.

Ua ku mawaho, disintegrated i fiefdoms, hiki ole kaumaha ia'ku i ke kaua o ka Mongols, a hoolohe aku la lakou, a ma hope Grand Duchy o Lithuania. I ka 1569, i hoolilo i kona mau aina a hiki i ka Polish aupuni.

O nā'āpana, Chernihiv-Seversky na'lii a ana na mea he nui influential hanau o ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania, a me ka Polish-Lituania mokuaina. Ka loa kaulana o ia - na luna Novosilsky.