E hoʻomaopopo ': mau koi a me na rula, examples. Pehea e e ka bibliographic kūmole? E hoʻomaopopo '- keia ...

Ka hana 'epekema noiʻi ua mau muli i ka mua e piʻi like o ka' epekema. A me keia ka hoao ana i ka lewa i loko o ka mea kākau i ka hāʻina o nā haʻawina like me ka hōʻike a me ka pololei mau kuhikuhina. A me ka mea e noi mai ana i ka maikai-mea i manao ai, no laila, he pono i ka manao o ka bibliographic kūmole o ka maoli pololei o ka hoʻouna 'ia no ka puke na hana.

mau kuhikuhina

Hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kikokikona o ke kea - verbatim excerpt mai kekahi mau' atikala a me kekahi mau hua'ōlelo. Culture kou palapala kikokikona ua hoike mai ia ma ka oiaio i ka mau kūmole ua mau pu ma bibliographic kūmole.

I ka na nenoaiu o ka 'epekema kakau mau hae e wehewehe i ka mea a ka bibliographic kūmole, ke mau koi a me na rula i hoi ae nei.

Hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kikokikona o ke kea e ia ma ka quotation hoailona, a maopopo lea ai, ua paa ia i ka grammatical palapala o nā hua'ōlelo a me nä hopuna me ka mea i hana i loko o ka iniiaiie kumu.

Inā ua'ōlelo apana nahaha mea he nui i ka nui, e hiki ke kua i ka mailuilu haalele loa, ma ka wahi i kahi e pono e waiho ai i nā kiko huina.

No kekahi laʻana: A kaulana 'Amelika kiʻi-hana Lillian Brown i kākau ai i "kekahi e ole lele i ka mea e hiki mai ninau a oe ka ho'āʻo' a pau o ka mea ma luna o kaʻikena ... nā manaʻo pono kekahi hoʻonohonoho ma hope kekahi i kekahi."

Hidden kea

latent kea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kikokikona. Ua Ua pū i hiki i loko o kā lākou mau'ōlelo, akā, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e hōʻike i ke kumu. A laila, ke hoʻohana 'ia i ka loulou "ike.".

No kekahi laʻana: Inā i ka uku 'aʻe ka RF Auhau Code no ka hoolohe ana i ka' ike ma luna o ke kapa no ia o ka mana auhau, a me ka ia i hahai ia ma ka auhau evasion, e like me oe. 118 o ka auhau Code, mai ona aku, e uku uku o elima tausani rubles. (No ka lāliʻi ike. Kind o ka auhau hewa , a me ka kuleana no kēia mau hana [ka Electronic resource] // Point:. I maopopo kahi a me ka loio'ōnaehana / ZAO "Point hoʻohui", Moscow, 1992-2016)

Kea hiki ke kākau 'ana me kekahi keena (kiʻekiʻe), a me ka papamoe, (uuku) palapala.

All quotations pono e bibliographical kūmole, ia mea he luli ole rula. I ka hoʻohana ana i kekahi mau manaʻo me ka haawi ana i ke kumu o ke kuleana kope kānāwai - he rip-aku.

kakau ana

Pehea e e bibliographic kūmole, ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hae i ka 2008. Ka mea, Pono e e oluolu e imi i ka palapala.

Ke kumuhana o nā loulou hiki e kekahi paʻiʻia a me unpublished palapala ma luna o kekahi Media: pepa, lolouila (kūloko a me nā keʻena).

'ano o nā loulou

Ka hae E hoomanao i ka papa inoa o bibliographical kūmole:

Kela a me keia bibliographic pili, o ka nui koi a me ka rula hōʻikeʻana, keʻae i ka alo ana o ke kahi mau kuhikuhina. Kea hiki ke lawe mai i ka palapala kumu ole wale. A laila, na rula no ka bibliographic kūmole noi aku i palapala memo "ua'ōlelo mai:. (" Kuhikuhi 'ia e ") a me" kipaku ia, "a hea aku la ia ma o ka i lawekahikiʻia ka mana."

No kekahi laʻana:

Op. ma: Name, i kapaia L., D. Games no ka hooulu ana o nenoai manaʻo / L. inoa, i kapaia DI. M., 2014. S. 168.

Eia nae, e: i kapaia, HE Media hoʻolala /A.N. I kapaia. - M., 2010. P. 55.

, Ke kumu o ka bibliographic maopopo, ka mea e leie aku oe e hoike mai i ka mea heluhelu ke ala a hiki i ka iapaau ana o ka i lawekahikiʻia kumu.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ke kūʻai 'bibliographic kūmole

Ka mea i hāʻawiʻia i loko o parentheses ma hope o ka ua'ōlelo olelo. Pehea hiki au hooponopono, bibliographic kūmole? Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka unuhi e hōʻike i loko o ka papaʻaina.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka bibliographic kūmole descenders

Ka mea hiki ke hoʻonaniʻia a me ka hoakaka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no ka.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka bibliographic kūmole endnotes

Ka mea, i hoopukaia helu consecutively ma ke kikokikona. Ua hāʻawi ke olua helu i loko o brackets.

Inā ka mea kākau pili i kekahi mahele o ka palapala, e mai i ka loulou e like keia:

uila loulou

Electronic bibliographic kūmole - he olua i anaʻokoʻa ka mea a pau lolouila kumu waiwai, a me ka māhele o ka a lakou i komo. No ka laʻana, he paena a he 'atikala i loko o kekahi o kona pauku.

Information e pili ana i ka mea i ka loulou pili i ka lolouila mea, i hoʻokohu 'hopuna'ōlelo [electronic resource]. Kii aku i ka mea kākau, inoa, wahi a me ka makahiki o ka puke, ma ka kēia mau mea, e kakau iho i ka hopuna'ōlelo: "ke kōkua o" ( 'oe hiki kahi kākauʻana i kēia mau'ōlelo a aponoia e ka hua h ÷ ailona «URL», i ukali ia e ke kākau e-mail hoike ana i ke Hola Pūnaewele (http, etc.).

E hoʻokūpaʻa i ke ola ana o ka mea i olelo e-mail helu wahi, a lailaʻoe e kākau i loko o brackets ka hopuna'ōlelo "lapaau Ka lā" a me ka AeXIeAaOIePEAaI hahai ma ka moolelo lā, ka malama a me ka makahiki i ka wa a ka mea kākau mau kūmole pili i keia Internet puke, no kekahi laʻana:

1. Ka Federal State 'ikepili helu Service [electronic resource] - ke kōkua o aaeei: http: // e-mail / (i maopopo kahi lā 05/05/14).

2. Inoa, IO Pehea e Loiloi i ka aneiai hopena o HR-kuni [electronic resource] /I.O. I kapaia -ʻano o ka hoʻohana: http: // e-mail wahi (ke kōkua o ka lā: 12.19.2015).

I ka wa e hana ana me ka'ōnaehana "Point" a me "kumu" e-mail ua ole i kākau, akā, hāʻawi bibliographic ano o ka'ōnaehana, no kekahi laʻana:

Name Product Name Product Name [Electronic resource] // Point: loio i Reference System / JSC "Point hoʻohui". - M., 1992-2014 (kūmole lā: 20.12.2014).

Na rula no ka kākau bibliographic kūmole koi kaʻaeʻana me kaʻaʻahu ana helu:

- kekahi me ka piha kikokikona;

- a ma kēlā me kēia mokuna, pauku;

- kekahi i loko o ka ia palapala.

Penei, pono e ukali i ka hoʻohana 'ana o quotations ma ka pono hana bibliographical kūmole - mea he ana o ka moʻomeheu a me ka mauʻike heluhelu kākau, e ho okumu ana i kikokikona.