East Prussian hana (1945). Kākou mau kūpono 'ana o ka Great Patriotic War

Ma ka mua nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono 'ana o ke Soviet Union ka mea, ua laweʻia mai i loko o ka hooilo makahiki 1945. Hao wale hahau mai mana a kui mai i loko o nāʻaoʻao. Kauoha akuʻoe i lawe Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Alexander Vasilevsky, a me Ivan Bagramyan a me Vladimir Tributs. Ma mua o ko lākou poʻe kaua i ka mea nui a me ka tactical KUMUMANAʻO NUI Pahuhopu.

January 13, hoomaka ae la ke kaulana East-Prussian ana i ka makahiki 1945. Ka pahuhopu ua poe noonoo ole - e hahi, a luku i ka i koe German pūʻulu ma ka Hikina Prussia, a me ka'ākau hapa o Poland, ma ka mea e wehe i ke ala a hiki i Pelelina. I mau, ka hana, ua like nui ole wale i loko o ka malamalama o ka hoʻopau o na koena o ka e kū'ē'ē mai. I kēia lā, ka mea, ua hilahila ia na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i mua aneane eo. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā.

Nui elue no ka hana

Mua, East Prussia ua he laina ikaika o ke pale aku, a kokoke ana hiki ke paleʻia ai no na malama he nui, e haawi ana i ke kēia kanaka Kelemānia manawa no ka hinu i eha. ʻO ka lua, i ka papa kiʻekiʻe Kelemānia luna ke hoʻohana i kekahi maha no ka physical hoʻopau o Hitler a me ka hoʻomaka o ke kūkā 'no ka malu kaawale me mākou "allies" (he mea he hailona o ka hoike ana o ia mau mea kuka). Ka mea, he mea hiki ole ke pale ia i kekahi o kēia mau nā mea e hiki wale mai. Me kaʻenemi e koke, a decisively i ka hopena.

hiʻona o ka māhele 'āina

Ka loa hikina palena o Prussia ua he pilikia loa māhele 'āina, ka mea i ulu i ka pukapuka o ke alanui a me ka nui Airfield e leie aku oe e koke hoolilo ia ma o ka nui helu o ka poʻe hao wale a me nā mea kaua kaumaha. Kēia wahi mea me na mea maoli ia i kūkulu ai i ka hope ke pale. He nui o ic ??, muliwai a me ka pohopoho o, a e ia loa paakiki kūpono 'a me ka puʻe i ka enemi, e hahai hoʻomaʻa, a hoʻoikaika i ka "? Ainii?".

Paha i ke kūpono 'ana o ka Red Army mai o ka Soviet Union i ole pela huikau. Paliuli a hiki i ka lā o ka Teutonic Papa i loko o ka wahi ua piha ka kūlana pale hale, he nui no a pau loa ikaika. Koke ma hope o 1943, ka wā i ke kaua o 1941-1945 i lanakila, ma Kursk, ua loaa ia no ka ke Kelemānia a no ka manawa mua i ka manawa kūpono o ka make. Ma ka hana e hooikaika mau laina ka mea, ua i hoolei aku i ka hiki-kino puʻipuʻi heluna kanaka, a me ka nui loa o ke pio. Ma pōkole, ka Nazis hoomakaukau i ka nani.

'Ole - he harbinger o ka lanakila

Nui, ka hooilo kūpono 'ua i ka mea mua,ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka mea mua a me ka loa East-Prussian hana. 1945 wale no ka hoʻomau 'ana i nā mea i hoʻomaka' koa i loko o October makahiki 1944, ka wā o ka Soviet poʻe hao wale, ua hiki ke holo i loko o ka pā ieiuaau o ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneri kilomika. No ka mea, o ka mea ikaika German ia'ku nele i ka hele ma.

Naʻe, i ka holo pono ua kuhi pilikia. Mua, ua hoʻokumuʻia he ike loea kumu. Ka lua, o ka poe koa luna, a loaa invaluable ka hoao ana, a ua hiki ke haha aku i kekahi mau nawaliwali o kaʻenemi. Eia hou, i ka mea i hoʻomaka hoʻopio aku i na aina Kelemānia hana no ka Nazis loa e kaumaha ana (aole nae e mau loa ana me).

Nā koa o ka Wehrmacht

Hoomalu ana e paa ana ia Army Group "Center", ma lalo o ka noho luna ana o Georg Reinhardt. Ma na mea kaua a pau: a pau kolu Panzer Army Erhard Raus, i huiʻia Fridriha Hossbaha, a me Valtera Vaysa.

Mākou poʻe hao wale koke alo 41 Māhele, e like me ka nui helu o ka poʻe hao wale pūʻali koa i mea hoa loa o ka pale ioeaie o ka kūloko Volkssturm mai. na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a pau, he mau ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 580.000 koa nā limahana, e like me kahi o 200 tausani folksshturmovtsev. Ma ke kūlana pale laina Nazis huki 700 poʻina nalu a me ka hoʻoponopono '-propelled pū, oi ma mua o 500 hakakā mokulele, a ma kahi o 8.5 tausani. Na apana o ka mea kaua , a nui caliber papa wiliʻai.

O ka holo ana, i ka mōʻaukala o ka Patriotic Kaua o 1941-1945. I ike hou hakakā-mākaukau Kelemānia pili 'o Randy, akā, i ka wahi ua loa pono no i ka mea e malu ai, akā, no ka mea, e like me kekahi koa ua lawa.

Ka German kauoha hooholo ia mākou e hoopaa i ka aina, ka nānā 'ana i ka helu o ke poho. Ua Ua loa i hoapono mai ai, no ka mea, Prussia ua he hemolele springboard no ka hou mua o ka Soviet hao wale. Ma ke kue, ina na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e hoʻokele i kipakuia aku i ka mua hoopio i ka wahi, ka mea, e ae aku ia lakou e hoao i ka counterattack. Ma kekahi hihia, i ka waiwai o keia wahi e ae, e hooloihi i ka ehaeha o Germany.

He aha e noho ana i nā koa ma kona hoʻolilo, ka Soviet kauoha i? Oaony East-Prussian ana i ka makahiki 1945?

koa o ka USSR

Eia naʻe, koa moʻolelo o nā'āina manaoio i wāwahi i loko o nā kaua o ka Nazis, ua hiki ole. Soviet koa alakaʻi piha lawe i loko no o ka ole o ka lele aku la i mua, i i mālamaʻia kekahi wale ikaika o ka Apana Byelorussian Front. Ma keia hihia, ka mea i hooholoia e ka mana o ka holoʻokoʻa Panzer Army, elima pahu mau pūʻali, ea kaua elua, a, ma ka hou, hooikaika 2 Belorussian Front ke hoʻohana 'ia.

Eia hou, ke kūpono 'ua e kākoʻo i ka mokulele o ka First Baltic Front. O ka huinanui, ua mau lakou i ka hana nui ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona kanaka, oi ma mua o 20,000 pū a me ka nui-caliber papa wiliʻai, ma kahi o eha tausani poʻina nalu a me ka hoʻoponopono '-propelled pū, e like me i emi iho malalo o ekolu tausani mokulele. Inā 'oe e hoomanao ai i nā hanana o ka Great Patriotic War, ke kīmopō ma East Prussia, e ia i waena o ka loa nui.

Penei, mākou poʻe kaua (Ma waho aʻeo ka militia) koa mua o ka ke Kelemānia a ekolu manawa maluna iho o na kanaka o ka mea kaua i loko o 2,5 manawa, poʻina nalu a me ka mokulele -ʻaneʻane 4.5 manawa. I? Eou Ua Hopu lanakila ua hiki hou lumaʻi. Eia hou, i ka Soviet koa i kī, i ka poʻe hao wale, he mana ec-2 poʻina nalu, ACS ISU-152/122/100, a no laila, ua hopohopo i loko o ka lanakila. Eia naʻe, e like me ia ma ka poho kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka poʻe kaua o ka Wehrmacht ma kēia paena ua hōʻike hewa hoouna kanaka o Prussia, ka poe i kaua desperately i ka hope.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE papa o ka hana

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka hikina Prussian ana i ka makahiki 1945? January 13, hoʻomaka i ke kūpono ', i i kākoʻo ma ka lewa e pepehi iho at a me ka pahu. Other hao wale kākoʻo i ka hoouka. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu i ole o ka loa i mea hoʻokomo aku, ka wikiwiki pomaikai nui i hiki mai.

Mua, i ka lā "D" i loko o kahi nalo e koe, i pii ole. ʻO kēia kanaka Kelemānia e hoʻokele i lawe mālama '-emptive hana e hoʻohiolo i ka mea i manaoia paena o ka Hopu ka i kā mākou e hiki helu o ka poʻe hao wale. ʻO ka lua, ka mea summed i ka malie, a i ole conducive i ka pono o ka lewa a me ka mea kaua. Rokossovsky hope hoʻomanaʻo aʻela i ka nana aku e like me ka paa'āpana o ke kuaua noe, interspersed me ao ka hau i ka nana. Mokulele crashes he ka wale point: ka piha kākoʻo mai o ka hoʻokikina hao wale pilikia. E like Bombers a pau ka lā, e noho ana a puni, e like me ka mea i hiki ole i ka e mai i ka enemi nā kūlana hana.

i na hanana o ke Kaua Honua II i uncommon. Ka mea, pinepine wawahi elaborate lāʻau kauoha, a ae mai la aiiieieoaeuiuo iiauo poho.

"General noe"

inoino no hoi Gunners i:ʻike pono ua inoino i ka hoʻoponopono o ke ahi ua hiki ole, a nolaila, ua loaa, e pana i wahi-hakahaka huahelu o 150-200 mika wale. Ka noe ua ai paapu ia i loko o keia "mōkākī" ua liloʻo ia i ka leo o ka Naita me ia, a me ka wale pa pale ma nā mea a pau i ka ike.

O ka holo ana, a pau ia i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka holo mālie ana o ke kūpono'. Kelemānia infantry ma ka lua a me ke kolu laina o ka pale i i waiho wale aku no ka pōʻino nui, a hoomau iho la oia i ka ukiuki snapping ahi. Ma na wahi, hoomaka ae la ka huhu melee, a ma kekahi hihia o kaʻenemi i counteroffensive. Ua nui na Luna Hooponopono no ka lā ma he umi i hala mai ka lima a he lima. Loa ino map ua he mau lā, i ka wā a ka Soviet infantry hoʻomau i methodically uhai i ka Kelemānia pale aku ia lakou.

I mau, ka Soviet kūpono 'i loko o kēia wā ano wehewehe aku ma ka hoʻokolokolo pono kaua e hoomakaukau ai, a me ka laha ana o ka mokulele a me ka mea e kahiko ai kaa. Nā hanana o ia mau lā ma luna o ka wela i loko o ole ala e emi ai i na kaua o 1942-1943., A hiki i ka brunt o ke kaua i mai ma luna iho i ka mea infantry.

Soviet koa hoʻohana ana: January 18, Chernyakhovsky lākou poʻe kaua ke hemo mai ma ka mea e malu ai, a hana i kekahi ala hele laula o 65 kilomika, ua hele hohonu i loko o kaʻenemi o nā kūlana hana pono 40 kilomika. Ma keia manawa i ka malie ua stabilized, a no ia mea, kūpono ma ka Hopu hu ana kaumaha kapa kila kaa, makani hoʻi ma ka lewa maluna mokulele a me ka ikaika. Pela no, hoomaka ae la he nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono 'ana o ka (Soviet).

mālama 'pomaikai

January 19 Ua laweʻia Tilsit. Kēia i ka pahi ahi pūʻali koa i ka Neman. Prior i January 22 Ua loa wahi instersburgskaya pae. I loko nō o kēia,ʻo kēia kanaka Kelemānia pale aku ana i ka piena o kaua i protracted. Wale ma luna o kekahi hoʻokokoke mai, e Gumbinnen mākou koa kipaku koke umi nunui counterattacks. Ko makou malama aku, a ua haule iho la i ke kulanakauhale. Kela manawa, January 22 e hoʻokele i Insterburg.

Ka mea e hiki mai ana nā lā i lawe hou successes: 'Aʻole e wāwahi i ma ka pale aku ia lakou Heylsbergskogo wahi. By January 26, ko makou poe koa i hele mai i ka'ākau kihi o Konigsberg. Akā, laila, nele i ka kīmopō o Koenigsberg no ka mea, e noho ana nā ke kulanakauhale i ikaika pā kaua o kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me elima o lākou kŘpa a hawaiian papa.

Ka mua pae o ka hardest kaua i ana, ua paa ka. Eia naʻe, pomaikai nui i ua mea anoe, no ka mea, hoopuniia ae la, a luku aku ia mau mea e kahiko mau pūʻali o ko mākou poʻe hao wale wa: i kaʻenemi ka mea nāna kaa neʻe i hoomakaukau-i pale aku ia lakou.

civilians

No ka mea manawa kivila muaʻaneʻi mākou koa i ole hālāwai. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia holo koke me ka i koe, hai aku poe kipi a me ka pinepine pana ma kona iho. Ke piʻoloke Ua hoʻonohonoho ai ino e aneane a pau o ka waiwai i koe i loko o ka haalele hale. Mākou veterans keia iloko o ua East Prussia i ka makahiki 1945 ua oi me he mea ole wao nahele: ka mea, i ka hoomaha loa Kokua hale, ma ka papaʻaina ua malie mau ipu a me ka ai, akā, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i hala ia lakou iho.

Ultimately, i ka nui o ka "hihiu a me ke koko-makewai kanaka ei mai ka hikina" pâʻani 'o ia me Goebbels ino'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka, civilians i loko o ia ka panic e haʻalele i ko lakou wahi i noho ai, i loa ke kiʻi a pau hoino aku a me ka alanui nā loulou, a me ka hopena i ka Kelemānia loaʻa iā lākou iho koi i ka poʻe hao wale, a hiki ole koke i ka hoʻololi 'ana i kona wahi.

kūpono 'ana o ke kūpono'

By January 20 i ka poʻe ma lalo o ke kauoha o ka Ilamuku Rokossovsky, i hoomakaukau ana e hele aku i ka Vistula. I ka Ia manawa o na, e olelo oe i hele mai i ka mea e hoʻololi i ka maʻi lele o ke kaua, a me ka hoolilo ana o ka papa kuhikuhiE hooikaika no i kakahiaka nui hoʻopau aku i ka East Prussian enemi. Hao wale i ka huli ana i ke kūkulu'ākau. Akā, me ke kākoʻo o ka pae o ka poʻe hao wale i koe ana ua holoiʻia mai kaʻenemi kulanakauhale.

No laila, ua hiki e uhai i loko o ka Oslikovskogo Allenstein troopers a loa aiʻulupā i kaʻenemi ka pā kaua. I ke kūlanakauhale, hina iho la ma 22 Ianuali, a pau i ka paa wahi i loko o ka Kauhalenui wahi i, ua anaiia mai. Koke ma hope o ia, ua hooweliweliia ka nui Kelemānia hui me ka encirclement, a nolaila, hoomaka ae la e hopu koke kuemi hope. Naʻe, i hele lakou i hee aku i ka hometa ka iki mai, e like me na alanui a pau i wahi e na nā mea pakele. No ka mea, o keia, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i ae kaumaha ka pōʻino, a me ka massively ia, ae hoʻopaʻaʻia. By January 26 Soviet kapa kila loa wahi Elbing.

I keia manawa, ai ka poʻe hao wale wawahi ma i ka loa Fedyuninskogo Elbing, a hiki i ka hoʻokokoke mai iā Marienburg, no ka hou kuleana nou ana hoʻopio aku i nui bridgehead ma ke kapa akau o ka Vistula. January 26, ma hope o ka ikaika kaua hahau, Marienburg haule iho la.

Flanking poe o ka poʻe hao wale i ana Makuakane me na hana häʻawi mai ai iä ia. Ua koke lanakila District Masurian wahi lepo wai, hiki ke hele i kela kapa o ka Vistula, laila, i ka 70th Army ma January 23 makani ino mai ai i loko o Bydgoszcz, Torun ka poʻe wahi.

Kelemānia-e hoolei ana

E like me ka hopena, ua oki keia pae ana o kaua "Center" loa aku mai ka lako, a nalowale ma muli i ka Kelemānia ?? eoi?. Hitler ua ukiuki, a laila, auou caiaiai i ka luna o ka pae. Hoonohoia i keia wahi Lothar Rendulic. Soon,ʻo ia hopena i loaʻa i ka luna o ka Apana Army Hossbach, a i hoʻololi ai i Mueller.

Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e uhai i ka ikiiki, a me ka hoihoi lako uka o ka'āina, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka ee-kūpono' ma Heylsberga wahi, ho'āʻo ana e komo i loko o Marienburg. Ma huina, i kēia hana 'ole e ewalu moku, kekahi o i i ka pahu. Ka mea, pomaikai ae la lakou i ka po o Ianuari 27, e holo ikaika nui ka ikaika o ko mākou 48th Army. Au i luku mai i ka paʻakikī kaua, a mau ae la ia lāʻehā ma ka lālani. E like me ka hopena, i ka enemi ua hiki e uhai i loko o ka 50 kilomika i loko o kā mākou wahi. Akā, laila, hele mai i ka ilāmuku Rokossovsky: ma hope o ka papakaukau hahau i ka ke Kelemānia a wawahi iho, a moe ihola hoʻi i kā lākou mau mua kulana.

Hope Baltic Front i January 28 loa i Klaipeda, Lithuania hope noa mai Nazi hao wale.

Main hopena o ke kūpono '

Ma ka hope o Ianuari, ka hapanui o ka Samland Peninsula, ua akoakoa ku, kūpono i ka wā e hiki mai Kaliningrad i loko o ka semicircle. Mākou i loa hoopuniia e na apana o ke kolu a me ka ha poe koa, ka poe i make ka puehu wale aku no. Ka mea, i ke kaua ka poʻe ma luna o kekahi mau fronts, a pau na koa e paku ana i nā wahi paʻa hope o ke kahakai, ma i ke kauoha Kelemānia nō somehow lawe mai i na lako a me ka evacuate.

Ke kulana o na koa i koe nui huikau ma ka mea ana a pau o ka Wehrmacht kaua pūʻulu i koke dissected i ekolu wahi. Ma ka Samland Peninsula, he ka i koe iho o na papa eha ma Königsberg noho mana koa a me ka hou elima papa. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa elima aneane hanaʻino akula māhele nō ma luna o ka laina Brownsburg-Heylsberg, a me ka mea i ikaika loa o Paulo a hiki i ke kai a me ka ole i ka manawa kūpono i ka hoouka i. Eia naʻe, aohe mea e lilo a me ka mea, i ole ana, e haawi ia lakou.

Lōʻihi-manawa i na manao o ka enemi

Ia mea,ʻaʻole e pono e noonoo ia kupaʻa fanatics Hitler: ka mea, ua i manao ia ua hoakaka no ka hoomalu ana o Konigsberg, a laila, huki mai ai i ke kulanakauhale o nā mea a pau i ke koena wahi. Ināʻana, makemake e hiki, e hoihoi i ka aina i pili ma Königsberg, Brandenburg ka mea. I mau, i ke kaua, ua loihi ia mai ma luna o ka, luhi Soviet puali pono ai i ka maha a me ka replenishment. I ka nui o ko lākou mau frazzled ma ka ikaika kaua hōʻike ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka mea i hanaʻino mai ai ka hope loa o Konigsberg i ole hoomaka a April 8-9.

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ko mākou mau koa i lawe mai: ka mea, ua hiki i ka uhai i ka waenakonu ikaika o kaʻenemi pae. Ua uhaʻiʻia nā mea a pau i ka mana Kelemānia pale aku ia lakou, a hoopio iho la Königsberg i lalo hoopuni i loko o ke keʻena me ka halihali ana a me nā meaʻai, a ua paʻa akula kaʻawale kekahi koe Nazi poʻe hao wale i loko o ka wahi, mai kekahi i kekahi, a ikaika weluwelu mai i loko o nā kaua. A nui hapa o East Prussia, a me kona laina ikaika o ka pale i pio. Ma ke alanui, na koa o ka Soviet Army hookuuia na mau mea o ka'ākau Poland.

Nā hana, e hoʻopau i ka koena o na Nazis kau ma luna o ka poʻe kaua o ka Apana Byelorussian a First Baltic fronts. E noke i 2 Belarus aloʻeleu ma Pomeranian ao ao. Ka mea o ia i ke kūpono 'ma waena o nā koa o Zhukov a Rokossovsky hoʻokumuʻia kekahi, i hiki ke pa mai Hawaiian Pomerania. A no ka mea hopeʻole a pau i ua kauoha e kūlike o kā lākou mau ami e pepehi iho at.