Etiology - ka ... mea hoʻomaʻi. Ke etiology o ka maʻi

Usenet lapaau makaikai i likeʻole nīnūnē. Kekahi, no ka laʻana, huli aku i ka lapaʻau kiʻi, ia mea he kīnā o ka maʻi. Other pauku o Medicine hookolokolo aku la ia i ka waiwai, aole hoi reactions i ka poe 'ole' ē aʻe 'ole. Of mau nui i loko o kaʻike, a me ka maikai o ka Inc i loko o ka wā e hiki mai e hoʻonāukiuki pathology kumumea. Etiology - keia mea he wahi i ka pono a me ka noiʻi ana i nā kumu. Hope i loko o ka 'atikala i kokoke nana i keia makahiki.

Overview

Etiology - ia ke kumu maʻi no a ka hanana pono hoʻohuiʻia i ka papa kuhikuhiE keiki ololi a me ka hoʻopiha pono i ka hoike ana o kona ho'ōia kūlana kūloko ma, a mawaho 'ia. Like precipitating hanana ke e hoomake iho no hoi, pathogens, waiū, poino, a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe Nine Inch, liluwelo a me ka physical' ole. I ka maʻi ke hana i ka olelo o ka hypothermia, luhi, ai kāna hana, 'ole ka nohona a me ka Leeuwerikplein' ia. Ua Radio nui i Mānoa a me nā 'ano o ka meaola. Mau nā, ma ka nui, nā keka, makahiki, genotype, a me na mea e ae.

kumumea

I ka manaʻo o ka etiology ua i kaupalena 'ia kekahi kumu. ʻano nui no ka mea maʻi, ma ka hou ana i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻike manaʻo pono i kekahi mau 'ano kūpono no ia. No ka laʻana, Streptococcus, i hiki mai ma ka moʻolelo o ka lua me ka saprophyte ku i hoʻolōʻihiʻia hopena o haʻahaʻa mahana i angina. O ke kumu ho i ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ke kino o ka maomeka. A me na newa typhoid a me diphtheria ole ma o na la kumumea (luhi, pololi) hiki 'aʻole i hoike ia. Pinepine, aia no na wahi, i hiki i ka wa a kekahi, a me ka ia ololi ke hana i kekahi mau hihia, etiologic, a ma na mea e ae - mea, lalau mai. An hoohalike mea hypothermia. Ua ua, ma ka kekahi lima, ke kumu frostbite, a ma ka 'ē aʻe - e hoʻolako a pau e pono rula no ka muli o na mea he nui infectious maʻi catarrhal ano.

Mea Maluna o pathologies

Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka etiology o ka maʻi i ke kaupalena 'ia kekahi ololi. Ma nā hihia, i ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i hoike mau precipitating kumumea. Ma ka hihia mua, ua kapaʻia ka maʻi Mono, oiai o ka lua - polyetiology. Keʻano mua mai nā ', no kekahi laʻana, maʻi palū, eha loa puʻu. Akā, naau mai ua hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o syphilis, ka rumatika, a he nui 'ē aʻe. Ke etiology o ka maʻi, e hoʻoholo kona specificity a me pathogenetic Inc. No ka laʻana, no ka degere o ke oolea a me ka wānana 'ana o staphylococcal a me ka anthrax paea, i nui kaʻokoʻa. Nō hoʻi, kekahi i Kekahi Mau 'i kekahi mau ʻano o ka hypertension, i hiki ke kauoha aku e na neurogenic a me kaʻaʻa puʻuwai aʻe. Ke kumu o intestinal iaʻi o ka mawaho mīkini'opihia o ka naʻau i ole blockage o kona Kalaiaina.

HANA

Maopopo ma waena o ka hoʻokahi-manawa (trauma,'ā) a me ka lōʻihi (pololi, maʻiʻaʻai) i ka hopena o ka hoonaukiuki aku kŰia. Mauʻike manaʻo i nā etiology. Ua like me ia i hoike no ka hooulu ana o ka huʻi paha maʻi kahua o ka maʻi. E like me ka hopena o nā kumumea - lōʻihi paha pōkole kau - ma ke kanaka meaola ke aloha i loko o kekahi 'oihana. Kēia mea me kēia mea o ke kumu o ka maʻi, i meaʻano nui kaʻilihune o kēia mau 'aʻe'.

Lapaau a me ka Kāohi

Etiology - keia mea kekahi o na kumu nui determinants o kekahi mau iaoia o ka lapaau. E kuhikuhi i na kumu a me na kumu o ka? Acaeoey o ka pathology, e hiki ke koho i ka hana ana, e hoʻopau i nā triggers. Wale i keia hihia, nae loaʻa i ka maikaʻi result. Ua Radio He nui a Mānoa, a me ka Kāohiʻana. Ka maʻi hiki e Hāʻule maila lākou i loko o ka hihia o ka 'eleu hoʻopau o pathogenic kumu a me nā kumumea i i ia. No ka laʻana, bacilli lawe ka loaʻaʻana ua hana, hoʻolilo ana i makika ma ka mahinaʻaiʻia malaria, eha Kāohiʻana. Eia naʻe, hiki ole mau e kuhikuhi i na kumu a me na kumu o ka? Acaeoey o pathology. Ma keia hihia, ua olelo aku o ka ike ole etiology. Ma ia wahi, i hiki, like me ka rula, o ka hoʻomanawanui hele ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ke kauka. Together me keia palena pauʻike, ka mālamaʻana o kona kulana. Pinepine kauka ma ka iapaau ana o ia hihia, e hoonoho i "blindly".

Ke etiology o mimikō mellitus

I ka lā,ʻaʻohe mea nāna i koi aku kekahi hōʻike i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka mimikō mea he aaiaoe ololi. I ka maʻi no i polygenic manao. Kona kumu i waihoia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa elua o ka mutant'ōewe ma diabetic e-chromosome, a i ka pili me ka HLA-nenoaiu. Ka la mahope, i ka huli, e hoʻoholo i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'pane o ka meaola a me kona waiwai ma luna o aeea antigens. Ma muli o ka pähola 'o polygenic hooilina mimikō, maʻi o ka mutant'ōewe meaʻelua aʻelua o ka pae inheritable recessive. No kekahi kanaka, he mea he predisposition i ka pio ana o ka autoimmune oihana, a mahuahua pā lonoaʻili o kekahi keena i ka mea hoʻomaʻi nā mea'aʻaʻa, i kuʻu iho e hoʻonele i ka hakakā nā mea hoʻomaʻi. Nā'ōewe HLA-'ōnaehana i nā hōʻailona o ka predisposition.

I ka 1987, D. Foster hōʻike i kekahi o na nā'ōewe i mea susceptible i ka maʻi aia ma ka B-chromosome. Pela ka mea, he pilina ma waena o mimikō mellitus a me kekahi leukocytes nā mea'aʻaʻa i loko o kānaka. Ka mea, i encoded ma nā'ōewe o ka nui histocompatibility luna '. Lakou, ma ka huli, i ke aupuni 'ma keia chromosome.

Mea Maluna o nā'ōewe o ka nui histocompatibility luna '

Aia he ekolu ano. Nā'ōewe lauwili ma 'ano o ka encoded nā polokina, a me ko lakou komo i loko o ka ulu ana o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea keʻano o ka hanaʻana. I kekahi papa he loci A, B, C. lakou e hiki ke hoʻopā'ālua antigens mea i loaʻa ma luna o nā mea a pau i loaʻa keena Kora naʻEsau. Mau kumu hana i ka hana o ka palekana i ka maʻiʻaʻai (ka hapanui mea hoʻomaʻi). Nā'ōewe o ka papa 2, e moe ana ma luna o ka D-māhele loaʻa ka loci DP, DQ, DR. Ka mea, encode antigens i i ke kāheaʻia wale nō ke ma immunocompetent keena. O nā monocytes, T keena, a me na mea e ae. Me ka papa 3 nā'ōewe encoded hoʻokō eiiiiiaiou, ʻeho necrosis ololi a me transporters mea i loko o ke kamaʻilio me ka manaʻoe hana lāʻau lapaʻau kino.

Nei, he mea he mea mahuʻi i ka'āina hoʻoili me ka insulina-e kaukaʻi mimikō hou pili ole wale hehee wale HLA-nenoaiu, akā, i ka'ōewe hoʻopā'ālua ka hoʻololi kemikala o insulina, immunoglobulin kaumaha kaula e pili ana T-aeea mea loaʻa a me ka 'ē aʻe. People i he innate predisposition i IDDM, ma laila nā loli i? Aneie stress. Lākou antiviral e hoʻonele hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia cytotoxic aeee i undergo poino ma lalo o ka aoao o pathogenic microorganisms a me Nine Inch eiiiiiaiou.

nā kumu

I IDDM paha ia he mea hoʻomaʻi etiology. Loa pinepine, i ka muli o ka pathology he hoʻonui i ka rubella (pathogen loaʻa i nā islets o na pancreas, alaila, waiho a replicated i loko o ia), mumps (ka hapanui pinepine ike i loko o nā keiki ma hope o maʻi laha, 1-2 makahiki), hepatitis B mea hoʻomaʻi a me Coxsackievirus B (replicated ma insular i hoʻomākaukauʻia) mononukleoznaya maʻiʻaʻai, maʻi palū a me na mea e ae. Ka mea i ka noonoo ololi ua pili i ka hooulu ana o ka mimikō, ua hookupaa iho la ia ma ka seasonality o ka maʻi. IDDM ua ana diagnosed i na keiki ma ka Akuma ka a me ka hooilo, hiki kona piko i loko o October a me January. ¶ A i loko o ka hoʻomanawanui iki mai ke koko ke huai ae kiʻekiʻe titers o nā mea'aʻaʻa i pathogens. Kanaka, ka poe i make o ka mimikō like me ka hopena o immunofluorescent ano o ka noiʻi i loko o nā islets o Langerhans mea hoʻomaʻi (particles) malama.

Na ke hoʻohana rula o ka pathogen

I ka mana like i mālama 'ia e M. Balabolkin hoʻokūpaʻa i ke komo ana o ka maʻiʻaʻai a hiki i ke kūpono' ana o ka maʻi. E like me kona mau loina, kanaka i ka mea hoʻomaʻi, i ka welelau o ke mimikō mellitus, hana like penei:

- kaulana huʻi aeea eha (e laʻa me Coxsackie B mea hoʻomaʻi);

- he mea manaopaa (hooloihiia ola) mea hoʻomaʻi (rubella) e lilo autoimmune keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka islet'aʻaʻa.

Ke etiology o cirrhosis

Ke kaumaha ma muli o nā kumu, keia pathology ua maheleia i ekolu pūʻulu. Mau nā, ma ka a pau:

1. Me kekahi etiological aʻe.
2. Me ka controversial hoowalewale mai la ia kumumea.
3. Oʻike etiology.

I ka like o nā kumu o ke poho

E kuhikuhi kumumea ma o na la cirrhosis, e mālama nei lapaʻau, epidemiological a me ka keʻena hoʻokolohua haʻawina. I ka Ia manawa i hoonohonoho mai i ka pili me ka excessive pono o ka waiʻona. No ka lōʻihi manawa, ua manaoio ia cirrhosis ia lŘlŘ i kumu o ke kanakaʻona mau malnutrition. Ma keia manao, uaʻikeʻia kēia pathology like alimentary paha'aiaola. I ka 1961, Beckett i hana i ka hana i loko o ka mea ana i wehewehe i ke kanakaʻona mau hepatitis huʻi ke kahua. I ka Ia manawa, ua'ōlelo ana i kēia maʻi maoli i ka pilikia o ka cirrhosis pili me ka waiʻonaʻai ana. A laila kukuluia kanawai o ka ethanol ma luna o ka ulu ' ʻawahia hepatitis, i hiki neʻe i hematopoietic hui,'aʻaʻa ka pōʻino. Ua pili pakahi aku la ia i ka hou-Ka hali 'ana i ka maʻi.

Hoʻopōʻino laʻau heluna ethanol

Cirrhosis, a ua kena ae la ma ka waiʻona, kohoʻia me nā kuʻina o ka ulu huʻi a maʻi hepatitis. Maʻi hiki e hoopahaohao ia ma kekahi alanui'ē aʻe. I huina loaʻa i ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ekolu:

- momoma degeneration o ke kino;

- Fibrosis me ka mesenchymal naoh;

- cirrhosis.

Ka pilikia o ka hanana o ka maʻi i ka hopena o ka 15 makahiki o excessive pono o ka waiʻona, ua oi aku ma mua o 8 manawa o ka mea e lawe wahi i elima-makahiki ke komo o ka waiʻona. Pekvigno kuhikuhi ÷ ethanol laʻau heluna no ka hooulu ana o ke akepaʻa cirrhosis. He 80 g. No ka lā (200 g. O ka vodka). A noho pilikia kela la i keia mahele lāʻau o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka 160 g. O ka waiʻona, a oi. I ka wā e hiki mai, "Pekvigno haʻilula" i kekahi mau mea hoʻololi. Ma nā wāhine, ka waiʻona pā lonoaʻili oi ma mua o palua ma mua i loko o nā kānaka. wale aku no i hoemiia kekahi o ka ikaika keka tsirrozogenny i 40 g. o ka ethanol no ka lā, oiai ma na mea e ae o ka maʻi e hoʻomōhala ai, a me ka wā lawe 60 ml o ka waiʻona. Wahine no hoi lawa a me 20 ml o ka waiʻona no ka lā. Ma ka hooulu ana o kanakaʻona mau cirrhosis o ke akepaʻa Radio he nui kūlana-i ho'ākāka 'lipopolysaccharide intestinal me Kinohi - endotoxin.

nā kumu

Cirrhosis hiki e kena ae la ia e genetically manaʻo metabolic kāna hana. He mau keiki a me nā mākua i kekahi hui ma waena o ka ulu ana o ka pathology a me A1-antitrypsin deficiency. A1-antitrypsin mea he glycoprotein i ua synthesized ma ka hepatocyte a me ka inhibitor o serine proteinases wā waiū (elastase, trypsin, plasmin, chymotrypsin). E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o ka hoʻokō 'ole' ia lŘlŘ cholestasis ma 5-30% o nā keiki a me 10-15% o ke akepaʻa cirrhosis ia lŘlŘ ma ka loa opiopio makahiki. Eia naʻe, i loko o na hihia o biochemical ano o ka 'aʻe' ana i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO maikaʻi prognosis. I ka wa elemakule kekahi maoli ka likelihood o ka ulu cirrhosis a me ka ake maʻi 'aʻai. He oi loa oiaio o kanaka me ka emphysema. hiki no hoi e uhaʻiʻia ake kuleana pili i ka wā kino Nine Inch a me nā mea lāʻau lapaʻau hoomakaukau. I ka hopena o kaʻoi koe luku ana o ka hui, a me ka maʻi hepatitis. Ma pohihihi keia hoopii, akepaʻa cirrhosis e hoʻomōhala ai. No ka laʻana, kalapona tetrachloride hiki i huʻi a me kekahi manawa maʻi hepatitisʻawahia? Ueo. Kēia pathology hiki, ma kekahi mau hihia pu ma ka papakaukau necrosis a me ka cirrhosis.