Flemish pena. Flemish pena 'ana i kūpono. Flemish kula o ka pena

Panina nō, i loko o Akä naÿe i ka Contemporary avant-garde neʻe, mau naʻi i ka naau o ka mahele. Kekahi o ka loa vivid a me ka waiwai i ka hoao ana o ke kanaka i pilikia i ka hana o ka wanaʻao Netherlandish pena.

Flemish pena ua wehewehe aku ma ka realism, he haunaele o nā waihoʻoluʻu a me ka laulā Halaman mea e hoʻokō i loko o na kamaaina.

Ma keia 'atikala, mākou e ole wale kamailio e pili ana i na i Kekahi Mau' o kēia au, akā, loaa kaʻike pū me keʻano hana o ke kakau ana, e like me ka loa pepeiaohao nui poeikohoia o ka wā.

Baroque pena

I ka moolelo o ka pena loa noonoo loli i loko o ka nohona a me ka pili aupuni ke ola o ke kanaka. No laila,ʻoliʻoli, a me ka upheaval o kahiko frescoes ē aʻe pouli a me ka make kanaka o ka Middle Ages.

Baroque ( "quaint, intemperate") ho i ka holo, mai ka dogmas kahiko, a manakā. Ua ke kemu a pau i ka kela la naʻau i loko a me ka ano o ka manawa.
I ka waenakonu o ka'āina lā, e like me ka pono me ma ka Baroque, ia mea he kanaka. Akā, i ke ano o ke kiʻi iʻoi, waiwai, oiʻoia iʻo. No hoi, he mau loa hou Huli i e like me nō ke ola, panorama, ano moʻokalaleo Ke ike weliweli.

E ka nānā i ka pono ka okoa Flemish pena mai i ke koena o Western styles.

Flemish a Hōlani pena?

O ka poe hoihoi i loko o Europa nō, ka mea, uaʻike ia i ka mea like me ka Flemish pena. Inā e nana aku i loko o ka puke noiʻi kūʻikena, ke aʻo i ka Flemish - e nā kupa o Falanadera, a, ma ka huli, o ka makana-lā Pelekiuma. Akā, i ka wā e hele mai ai i na Artists o kēia wā, keʻike i ka hapanui o ia Hōlani.

Aia He He ninau maoli: i mea i ka likeʻole o ka Flemish a me ka Hōlani pena? I ka mea, a pau ka he mea. I ka pau ana o ka umikumamaono kenekulia,ʻo ia ma 1579, i ka akau, i nā'āina o ka Netherlands hookuu mai ma lalo o ka aoao o ka Sepania kalaunu. Ano, Holland Ua hanaʻia i loko o kēia wahi.

Ua mea noteworthy i ka moʻomeheu i loko o ka opiopio aupuni hoʻomaka e ulu ma kilakila holo 'awelika. Kona gula makahiki i ole mau loa, wale he kenekulia. Akā, i ka hana ana o ka haku me Peter Paul Rubens, Anton van Deyk, Yakob Yordans, a me kekahi mau 'ē aʻe Artists, ua he flowering o ka lahui Hōlani nō. Hope, ma o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, he aupuni hoʻomaka e kulia i ka ikaika ole o Palani moʻomeheu. Nolaila, aole no i paha, ka 'hiki ole ke olelo.

Flemish Artists o kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia nō i kekahi o nā hiʻona o ke kaila e maopopo ia lakou, mai ka Hōlani haku, mai na wahi e ae o ka aina.

Mua, ka mea ike vividlyʻoia iʻo, akä, no ka Italians, a mākou e kūkākūkā hope. Ka lua, he mea weliweli loa ia ma ka waena konu o ka i loaʻa i ole mythical a haipule, e hoohuli a me ka maʻamau o moʻolelo mai ka ola o ka maʻamau poe kanaka.

Penei, eia kahi mea akaka i Flemish pena - mea he kakahiaka nui ke kahua i loko o ka ulu ana o ka Hōlani nō. Akā, i ke kumu nui hiʻona o kēia au hou o ke aupuni Hōlani motifs, uncomplicated haole keiki.

I lawekahikiʻia mai ka Italians i ka moʻo o nā 'ana i kūpono a e e kūkā mai ma lalo nei, ua noho wale nō ke kumu no ka ho okumu ana o ke kiʻiona kaila, akā,ʻaʻole e like me kā lākou worldview.

Ke ole o Italian haku

E like me mākou eʻike ma hope, i ka Flemish a me ka Hōlani pena o ka umikumamaono kenekulia, ua ikaika 'ole ma Italian Artists. Noho pilikia manawa i hoʻomaka ma hope o Lucas van Leyden, a Pieter Bruegel ke kahiko. Ka la mahope, i loko o 'ana, i ka wā i kapaʻia "kua'āina" no na kanaka o ka pena a me nā kiʻi o nā huapalapala.

Akā, ma hope o kekahi mau loli i ia wahi i loko o ka pili aupuni palapala o ka Netherlands, ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka pono au hou. Flemish pena, i loaʻa i loko o ka kaʻawale pele, hoʻomaka i kona hoʻokiʻekiʻe hele ana a hiki i ke gula wā o Rubens.

Bologna School, manericheskoe no, Karavadzhizm - kēia mau mea kū i hele mai, mai Italia mai, e nā'āinaʻEulopa 'ē aʻe. Ka mea, ua i keia pilikia manawa o ka hope loa rejection o ka medieval hae. Ano, ma ka pena e increasingly e hoomaka ana e Kīwala'ō i ke kahiko mythological huapalapala,ʻoia iʻo ike weliweli o ka maʻamau o ke ola, a me ka Hōlani nō lifes me ka imi mea hihiu ana.

Monumental ano, e hoolohe i ka au mamuli, olinolino a me ka vivid huapalapala, ano moʻokalaleo Ke ike weliweli, me nā meaʻala me ka ae like o ka Quotes - keia mea wale hapa o na ano hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o Flemish pena. No like kona ku ana i ka mau 'Eulopa nō kona coloristic loa.

Hōlani haku paani me keʻano hana o ka chiaroscuro, uhauha kumu hoʻohālike me ka olinolino'ōniʻoniʻo a me ka pālahalaha hahau ana. Ka mea lawe i manawa canonical Halaman a hoʻomōhala ia i loko o 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke ole hoi i lawe mai i ka burlesque. Lākou mau huapalapala ola a me ka hanu. E hoʻomau no ka ike a me ka helu o nā Artists. Oe e ike pehea expressive kanaka ma luna o lākou canvases.

Mōʻaukala ike nui examples o ka pena, ka wāʻike hoʻokumu a me kaila o ka hana o ka hanauna o Artists 'ole ma ka pili a me ka pilina upheavals ma kaiāulu kaikaina. No laila, i ka aoao o Italia haku i ka hanu o ka hou ea i loko o ka lānai hou hookuuia mai ka aoao mai o kontrreformatsionnogo Netherlands.

pena lako a

E like me ka noiʻi e olelo aku nei, i keʻano hana o Flemish pena i mua hoʻomohala e na hoahanau van Eyck. Akā nō moʻolelo koi aku i ka mea i na mea he nui Ikalia haku hoʻohana i kēia mau ia i kūpono nui mamua. E ka i hele i loko o ka vicissitudes o ka Poʻokela Honua, a kamailio e pili ana i ka 'ike loea hou iho.

Kapa uhi initially keʻokeʻo lina primer. He Ua hana loa me ke akahele, no ka mea, ua ka mea keʻokeʻo malamalama malu ma ka wā e hiki mai kiʻi. Eia hou, i ke koena o ka HW noi loa lahilahi papa, hiki i ka honua, e hana i ke kanawai inimitable glow mai loko.

Like nui no hoi na pena 'ana i kūpono, Flemish mai i ke kaʻina o nā hana. Initially hana "papa" - i ke kumu o ka wā e hiki mai kiʻi. Ua ua o ka hoʻonaninani sketch, ka mea, ua houia me ke kuikele ma ka lōʻihi o ke kiʻi outlines. Ma hope o ka hoʻohana lanahu pauka preform ua akahele primed unuhi 'ia i loko o ka pepa.

Ma hope o laila 'o ia i ka sketch a me ke alakaʻi o kona wā e hiki mai palena o ke kiʻi a pōhina i ka aila a me ka tempera. A lahilahi, ahu iho o ka malamalama eleele ka penaʻana i, e malama i ka mea maloko hoʻomālamalama kumu.

A laila, hele mai pae o ka "make pena" (anu a me ka lenalena waihoʻoluʻu mea e ole i kekahi hoihoi). A me ka welau a ka kaʻina hana o ana i ka masterpiece o ka aahu a me ka waiwai'ōniʻoniʻo i holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ano o iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me nā nō ipo loa mai.

mau haku karavadzhizma

I ka XVI a me ka XVII kenekulia ka Flemish kula o ka pena undergoes i ka hopena o kekahi mau kaila o Europa nō. Karavadzhizm - he hoʻoilina o ka Italia haku Mikelandzhelo De Caravaggio. He noho ana ma Roma, a ua kekahi o Europe ka nui Baroque haku. Hoikehonua, haumana manaʻo i ka artist mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka realism ma ka pena.

He hana ia ma keʻano hana chiaroscuro (malamalama-aka), ma a ka Akä naÿe contrasting pouli mau mea o ke kiʻi malamalama. He noteworthyʻAʻole i loaʻa i kekahi sketch Caravaggio ia. He hana pono ma ka hoopau ana i ke koho hana.

Pena o ka 17th kenekulia ma Italy, Spain, a me ka Netherlands maliu mai i ka hou Aey? Acaeoey like me ka hanu o ka hou lewa. Ma ia heʻano hana i ka Italians hana de 'Fiori a me Gentileschi, ka Spaniard Ribera, Hōlani Artists Hendrick ter Brugghen a me Barbyuren.
Karavadzhizm no hoi i ka ikaika ma luna o nā kuʻina o na hana o ka haku me Peter Paul Rubens, Diego Velasquez, Zhorzh De La huakaʻi a me Rembrandt.

Wadding karavadzhistov loli kona hohonu a me ka hoolohe i ka au mamuli. E ka kamailio hou e pili ana i ka Hōlani pena i hana i kēiaʻano hana.

Ka loa mua manaʻo i Hendrick ter Brugghen. He mea i loko o ke kakahiaka nui XVII kenekulia, kipa Roma, kahi āna i halawai ai me Manfredi, Gentileschi a me Saraceni. Ka mea, ua ka Dutchman ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ke kula Utrecht o ka pena me kēiaʻano hana.

Mau mea e kukaʻi iʻoia iʻo pena, e wehewehe aku ka mea akahai Quotes depicted weliweli loa. Hendrick ter Brugghen hōʻike ole wale na mau minute kaawale o Contemporary ola, akā, no hoi, e rethink i ka kuʻuna naturalism.

Hou 'ana o ke kula, hele Honthorst. He huli ana i ka Baibala moʻolelo, akā, ua kūkuluʻia ka'āina me ka consumer wahi o ka Hawaii o ka Hōlani XVII kenekulia. No laila, i loko o kona mau pena, ke ike i ka maopopo ole o ka chiaroscuroʻano hana. Ua hana ma lalo o ka aoao o karavadzhistov lawe mai iā ia i kaulana i loko o Italy. No ka mea, o kona ano moʻokalaleo Ke ike weliweli ma candlelight, oia hoʻolimalima i ka inoa kapakapa "po".

Akä naÿe i ke kula Utrecht, Flemish pena e like me Rubens a me van Dyck i i lilo i mea ikaika kākoʻo karavadzhizma. Kēia kaila ua hoailono aku la i loko o kā lākou hana wale nō me ke kahua hookaawale i loko o ke kahua o ke kino kaila.

Adrian Brouwer a me David Teniers

No ka kenekulia, pena Flemish haku ua undergoing mea hou. Mākou hoʻomaka mākou ka loiloi 'ia o nā Artists mai ka hope kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka wā ma laila i ka hele aku mai monumental pena e haka hoʻomāka kamaaina.

Mua, Brouwer a me Teniers ka Pehea, a ma hope o ka hookumu ana o kaʻike hoʻokumu i, e hoohuli mai i ka kela la i keia ola ana o maʻamau Hōlani. No laila, Adrian, mau motifs Pieter Bruegel, he mau loli o ke kākau 'ana i kūpono a me ka pulakaumaka o kona mau pena.

He e kālele ana ma kaʻaoʻao loaʻinoʻino o ke ola. Valais no ka pena ka mea, ua imi no i ka pōwehiwehi smoky Teriatubereno, a me Hawaii. Naʻe, ke kiʻi Brouwer lakou aloha ia kona 'aoʻao a me ka hohonu o keʻano. Ke artist hūnā i ka papa kuhikuhiE huapalapala i loko o ka hohonu,ʻilikai no ka mea mua nō lifes kumumanao.

A kaua ma luna o ka holoholona hihiu o dice a pepa, e hiamoe ana puhi paka a me ka pakela inu me ka haa ana. Mau mea na kanaka hoihoi i loko o ka pena.

Akā, oi nā hana Brouwer lilo palupalu, ka mea, i Quotes ka i lanakila ma luna o ka grotesque a me ka noa. Ano, canvases iloko philosophical naʻau i loko, a noonoo i ka lohi uuku ae la loko ona huapalapala.

Noiʻi e olelo aku nei i loko o ka XVII kenekulia Flemish Artists hoʻomaka e ulu pāpaʻu i loko o e like me ka hanauna mua o Artists. Eia naʻe, ua e ike i ka hoʻololi mai i ka huali olelo o ka mythical kanaka o Rubens a me Jordaens burlesque i ka noho malie ola o ke kauwa ma Teniers ka Pehea.

Ka la mahope, i ka nui, hoʻomōhala i ka carefree minute o ke kauhale Kuʻu. He ho'āʻo e kolo `ahaaina mare a me hang o ka poe noonoo ole mahiʻai. Me ka mau kākauʻana ma luna o ka mea mawaho māhele, a me ka idealization o ke ola.

från Snyders

Like Anton van Dyck, a mākou e kūkākūkā hope, från Snyders hoʻomaka 'aʻo me Hendrik van Balen. Eia hou, ka mea, ua hoi he mentor Piter Breygel Pehea.

E noonoo pono i ka hana o keia haku, ua halawai pu me kekahi facet o ke akamai, i mea i waiwai i loko o Flemish pena. Snyders pena i ole nana e like pena o kona wā. Ma Farani huli, e huli i ka niche, a ulu ia i na wahi kiekie o ka unsurpassed haku.

He ua ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ke kiʻi o ke nō ke ola a me ka holoholona. E like me artist-holoholona pena iho la ia pinepine kono 'ē aʻe Artists, e like me Rubens, no ka hanaia'na mai o kekahi mau wahi o kona mau masterpieces.

Ma ka hana o Snyder i Ua he gradual naeaeaa mai nō lifes i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka a hiki i ka ike weliweli o ka mea hihiu ma hope manawa. Me ka makemakeʻole a pau o nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi o kanaka ka mea, nō i ia ma laila ma luna o nā canvases. E like me ka mea i hele mai mai o ka pilikia?

O na mea, från Janssens kono e ho okumu ana i nā kiʻi o ka aiia, Jordaens a me nā hoa o kaʻahahui haku.

Pela, ke ike i ka nō o ka 17th kenekulia ma Falanadera Hōʻike 'o ka heterogeneous pae o ka hoʻololi mai ka mua' ana i kūpono a me kino i ka. He hele mai me nāʻalā i loko o Italy, akā, ua hāʻawi mai ke ao nei he hana hanaia 'na o Flemish haku.

Yakob Yordans

Flemish 17th kenekulia i pena wehewehe aku nui ke ku okoa ana, e like me like me ka mea mua wā. Here oe ke ike ole wale ola, e hoohuli mai i ke ola, akā, i nā lā mua o ka Quotes. Ma kekahi, Yakob Yordans pinepine ae ia ia iho, e hana i kekahi wahi o ka burlesque i loko o kona mau pena.

I kana hana,ʻo ia a hiki ma nui kiekie me he portraitist, akā, aka lilo iho la kokoke i ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ka EYI o ke ano i loko o ke kiʻi. No laila, i kekahi o kona mau papa puke - "Ke festivities Bean King" - ma muli o ke ki o ka loina, mahalo olelo, oʻApelila ia a me ka olelo. Ma kēia mau pena depicts ke awa,ʻoliʻoli, kaiāulu hoihoi ola o ka Hōlani malu o ka XVII kenekulia.

Olelo ana mai o Hōlani nō o ka pena o keia wā, mākou e pinepine e hōʻike 'ia i ka inoa o Peter Paul Rubens. Ua ua i kana keiki i lewa i loko o nā hana o ka hapanui o ka Flemish Artists.

no hoi i pakele Jordaens i kēia hopena. No kekahi manawa, ua hana i loko o ka o Nuioka ma o Rubens, e pili ana sketches no ka pena. Naʻe, e huli mai, e aho no ka Iakoba, e hana i keʻano hana tenebrizm a me ka chiaroscuro.

Inā 'oe e nānā i nā masterpieces o Jordaens, hoohalike ia me na hana o Peter Paul, ke ike i ka maopopo ole o ka hope. Akā,ʻo Iakoba i pena i oi mahana'ōniʻoniʻo, ku okoa ana a me ka palupalu.

Peter Rubens

Ana i ka masterpieces o Flemish pena,ʻaʻole e hōʻike Rubens. Peter Paul i kona wa e ola ana i ka ike aku i haku. He ua manaoia he virtuoso o ka haipule a me ka mythological Halaman, akā,ʻaʻohe emi noʻeau tālena hoike aku i loko o ke akamai o ka panorama, a kiʻi.

He nui i loko o ka 'ohana i hāʻule i loko o disfavour no ka mea, o ka mea antics o kona makua kāne i loko o kona wa opiopio. Soon ua hoihoi hou ia i ko lakou inoa maikaʻi ma hope o ka makua i ka make, Rubens a me kona makuwahine hoi aku la i Aioaa?.

Eia, i ke kanaka'ōpiopio ua koke ho onui ana i ka pono pili 'o Randy, e ka mea i' aoʻao o Countess de Ka Lyalen. Eia hou kekahi, halawai Peter Paul me Tobias, Verhahtom van Noort. Akā, he kūikawā keiki ma luna ona me ka mentor kokua Otto van Veen. He ka artist hookani i ke kūlana kuleana i loko o shaping i ka wā e hiki mai haku o ke kaila.

Otto ua leʻaleʻa o ka panina kākau, pili kūpono loa, ia manaʻo i ka hana o Horace, a ua he connoisseur o ka Italia pakebona. Kēia mau moʻolelo o ke kanaka me van hoʻopuehu lākou, a haawi mai la i ka poe hou artist.

Mahope o eha makahiki o ka internship ma Otto Rubens lawe i loko o kaʻahahui hui o Artists, mea kahakaha, a sculptors i kapaia "kauä kuapaʻa o St. Luke." Pukaʻana, e like me ka mooolelo loa o ka Hōlani haku, ua he huakaʻi no Italia. Aia Peter Paul hoʻoili i loko o këia a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka maikaʻi loa masterpieces o ke au.

'Aʻole surprisingly, na pena o Flemish Artists o kona hiʻona e hoohalike ai i ke kūpono o kekahi o ka Italia haku o ka pakebona.

Ma Italia, Rubens ola ana, a hana no ka i ike philanthropist a me ka ÿauhau Vincenzo Gonzaga. Kēia manawa o konaʻike hoʻokumu noiʻi kapa Mantua, no ka mea, i ke kulanakauhale i kapaia o Peter Paul haipule.

Akā, me ka moku'āina noho, a me ka makemake e hana ia Gonzaga i ole makemake Rubens. Ma ka palapala āna i kākau ia e like me ka pono hiki ke hoʻohana Vicenzo kiʻi poe paahana lawelawe. Mau makahiki ma hope, he kanaka'ōpiopio loaa Kau waihona a me nā kauoha ma Roma.

Ke kumu nui e piʻi like ana o ka Roma wā i ke pena o Santa Maria ma Vallicella, a me ke kuahu o ka hoailona ma Fermo.

make o kona makuwahine i ka hope, Rubens hoi ia Aioaa?, i kona wahi i lilo koke i ka lani kiekie loa-uku haku. Ka uku i loaa ia ia ma ka Palukela alo, 'ae' e noho i loko o Kiure kaila, e i ka nui Workshop, he nui na haumana.

Eia hou kekahi, Peter Paul mālama ana i ka Papa Hanohano o ka Jesuits, ka mea i lawe mai i ke keiki. Mai ia ia i loaa ia kauoha no ke Keena Kalaiaina o Aioaa? Church o St. Karla Borromeya. Hereʻo ia i ka mea maikaʻi loa haumāna - Anton van Dyck, a mākou e kūkākūkā ma lalo nei.

I ka lua o ka hapalua o kona ola Rubens lilo ma kalaiaina poe mikanele. Koke ma mua o kona make ana, kuai aku la ia i ka hale kahi o ka hoki, i aku la i kaʻikena a me ke kiʻi o ke kua'āina ola.

Ma ka hana o keia artist nui i alakaʻi ai i ka oi aku e Titian a me Brueghel. Ka hana kaulana loa i na pena "Samesona a me Delila", "he hippopotamus i hoʻohālua", "ke kūlanakauhale o nā kaikamāhine o Leucippus".

Rubens i ia he ikaika hopena ma luna o WesternʻEulopa pena, i ka makahiki 1843 ma ka Green Square ma Aioaa? Kia i hoala mai ia ia.

Anton van Dyck

Ka Aha portraitist, haku o mythical a me ka hoʻomana Halaman ma ka pena, ka pena o ka Baroque kaila - a pau ano Antona van Dyck, i ka mea maikai haumāna o Peter Paul Rubens.

Pena 'ana i kūpono o na haku hana i nooaai me Hendrik van Balen, nana i haawi mai ia ia i apprentice. Ka mea, ua i nā makahiki lilo ma keia artist ka Workshop ae Anton loaa koke kūloko kaulana.

Ma heʻumikumamāhā, i palapala mai ka mua masterpiece o umikumamalima wehe i kona mua Shop. No laila, ma kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakule van Deyk Aioaa? Iaia e lilo ana i ka celebrity.

At heʻumikumamāhiku Antonʻae i kaʻahahui o St. Luke, i kona wahi i lilo i apprentice ma ka Rubens. No ka elua makahiki (1918 a me ka 1920), van Deyk kākau ma luna o nā papa o ka umikumamakolu kiʻi mai o Iesu Kristo, a me ka na aposetolo he umikumamalua. I kēia lā i kēia mau hana i loko o na Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha o ke ao nei.

Ke no o ka pena Antona van Dyck ua oi kālele ana ma luna o kaʻoihana Halaman. He palapala iho la ia ma kona Workshop kaulana o Rubens pena "poni leialii" a me "Hana o Iuda".

Mai ka 1621 i hoʻomaka i ka wā o ka hele ana. Ma mua, ka mea opiopio artist ma muli ma London, me King James, ma hope o ka holo ana i Italia. I ka 1632, Anton hoi i London, kahi Charles I devotes i kona me ka Naita, a haawi i ka oihana o ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo pena. Here oia hana a kona make ana.

Kona pena i hōʻike ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha o Munich, Vienna, no ka Louvre Museum, Washington, New York, a he nui nā wahi hōʻikeʻike a puni ka honua.

Penei, i kēia lā mākou nō meʻoe, aloha poʻe heluhelu, ua aoia hoi e pili ana i Flemish pena. Oe i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka moolelo o kona ho okumu a me 'ana i kūpono o ka hana ana i pena. pū mākou halawai pokole me ka nui Hōlani Artists o ka wā.