Fransua Mitteran: he Kawaihae, kūlana hana, ka home, a kuwaho

Fransua Mitteran - 21 ko Peresidena o Farani, a ma ka mea ia manawa ke 4th Peresidena o ka Elima Repubalika, i hoʻokumuʻia e Charles de Ka Gaulle. Kona alakaʻi o ka aina huli mai e ia i ka loihi ma ka mōʻaukala o ka Elima Repubalika, a ma ka mea ia manawa loa controversial, i ka wa a ka pendulum kālai'āina ua 'oni iki mai socialism a hiki i ka lokomaikaʻi, kauoha.

Birth a me nā makahiki o ka mahele

I ka manawa ia Europe ua nō ke ahi ma ka World War I, i ka 1916, maʻOkakopa 26, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Jarnac aina hanau o Palani Peresidena Fransua Mitteran. E like me ia ia ia, Ua hanau ia "i loko o ka loa Hui manaoio" ohana. Kona makua kāne i Jacques Mitterand, a me kona makuwahine - I. Lorraine. Ma kona aina o Jarnac, oia ua i ka 9 makahiki o ka makahiki, a meʻaneʻi loaa i kona iniiaiie ka hoʻonaʻauao, a laila, hele aku la i ka "Sana Paulo" - College ee i loko o Angumele. Kēia wahi mea he kula Hui kula he makemake ko, ma hope a lilo iho la oia i ka kēkelē o kālaiʻike.

I ka makahiki o ka 18 Fransua Mitteran hele i Paris, e hoʻomau lākou mau haʻawina. Aiaʻo ia i helu i ka Sorbonne, kahi āna i aʻo 'epekema ma mua 1938. Ma hope o ka pau 'ia e ia i ekolu diplomas: i ka hopena o ka philological a me ka loio i faculties o ka Sorbonne University, a me ke Kula o Kalaiaina Sciences. Ma keia aʻo ua ana, a hoʻomaka haumāna kanaka ola, akā, i laila e nānā ma ka haawina o ka diplomacy a me kilo, ka mea, ua ua akaka no wā e hiki mai pelekikena Mitteran Fransua. Kona maalea mea,ʻaʻole mea o Laielohelohe ia ia, a noho iho la ia me ka wela enthusiastically hea ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka Popular Front i ka 1936.

Koa hana a World War II i loko o ke ola o Fransua Mitterana

Ma ke kupulau o 1938, Francois i koho '. He hoomaka e lawelawe i loko o ka 23rd koloniala Infantry Regiment. Ma hope iho o ka mea kēia kanaka Kelemānia i unleashed ka Apana World War, oia Ua hoʻoneʻe i ka apana o ka Sedan. Ma June 1940, ma ka hopu ana o Paris ma ka Wehrmacht, Fransua Mitteran, la oia i seriously eha iho la oia ma ka shrapnel mines. Kupaianaha iaʻi,ʻo ia e hoʻokele e lawe me ka ua i luku mai ai i loko o Paris, akā, koke Fransua Mitteran i loko o Kelemānia noho pio ana. Ua Ua i ho'āʻo ekolu e pakele ai, a i ka hooilo o 1941 ka mea, eia ka mea hope e hoʻokele i komo i loko o ka hihiu a koke hui i ka ia'ku neʻeʻana. Aia ia i loaa i ka inoa kapakapa "Captain Morlan."

I 1942-1943, François i kaʻeleu huahelu ma Pow. ʻO ia i hoʻokumu i ka lola honua hui a me ka Patriotic Union. I ka hopena o 1943, ka mea mua halawai ana me Charles de Ka Gaulle. Paha oe somehow ma waena o ia i ka laina. Fransua Mitteran, nae, e like de Ka Gaulle, ua he'ōpiopio politician, Socialist, me ka halawai mua ka poe i hele pu me ia i ke kaua a me ka hamama hoa pāonioni me kona mau manao. I ka makahiki 1944 ka mea, ua hana ia ma ka liberation o Farani a me ka lālā o ka Paris uprising.

Pili aupuni ha awina i loko o ka lāʻau kū-kaua makahiki

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o Nazi Germany Fransua Mitteran hoomaka ae la e 'Imi intervene i loko o ka moku'āina nakeke o ka Palani Repubalika. He ua paa oi aku mamua o umiʻAha Kuhina pou, a lilo iho la ia i ka luna o ka 'aoʻao YUDSR. He paa ana i ka Anati-fascist papa a me na kanaka hoohewa ke kulekele, a me ka excessive mana o Charles de Ka Gaulle, a hiki i kākau i ka puke e pili ana ia ia.

Ke kaua no ke Keʻena Pelekikena

Ka popoiwi wahi i loko o kona 'oihana pili aupuni, hoomaka ae la 1965. I loko o kēia wā o kona Kawaihae, ua hoʻololi. Fransua Mitteran no ka manawa mua i loko o ka koho pelekikena ke koho 'ana. Naʻe, i loko o ka lua o ka puni ana ua hee aku la ia, a me ka pelekikena no ka lua o ka manawa i hou-koho de Ka Gaulle. He hoomau i kona kū'ē hana ma ke poo o ka Hui o ka hema. I ka 1974, hoʻomanaʻo aʻela i ka hopena o 1965 - oia nalowale i Valeri Zhiskar d'Estaing i loko o ka lua o ka a. Kona manawa aole i hiki mai.

Ma keia manawa, aole oia i kali manawa ma ka lapuwale:ʻo ia i hana ma luna iho, i huli no ka 'ē aʻe kāu kiʻina hana a me ka hana hou pili kuikahi nei,,' Imi paipai aʻo kai eʻe like me ka huna a me ka hamama. Ma mau, ia mea ua elemakule ia,ʻaʻole he keʻakeʻa nei. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ia manawa (1974) ka mea, ua ua 60 kona mau makahiki, aʻo ia wale e hoomaka ana eʻai i nā lanakila pili aupuni, akā,ʻaʻole maopopo kōkua make ai. No laila, ma hope a hiki i ke koho o 1981, hoomaka ae la oia e hoomakaukau i mua ole.

4th Peresidena o ka Elima Repubalika

I ka 1981, ma January, ma ka Ahaolelo o SAF (French Socialist Party), i ua hoʻoholo like koho me ke koho pelekikena moho i loko o ka kela ke koho. Ua ua i kona oi hola. 4th Peresidena o ka Elima Repubalika i ka Fransua Mitteran, wahi lulu, a kuwaho i kūikawā inoa mea i loaʻa - "mitteranizm". Hoʻohanohano ha awina Francois 'ē luna ua ana, i he staunch Anati-Communist, ma kona maalea, oia hilinaʻi ma luna o ia mau mea i loko o nā hikiʻaoʻao, a aole nae he ekemuia hana i kona mau allies.

wahi luluʻikepili

Ma ka kūpono ai i loko o ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la Fransua Mitteran e hoʻomaka nohona mihi. Kana hana i lawe mai e ke Aupuni, e emi i ka hebedoma hana, he emi o ka hoomau makahiki, ka decentralization o ka mana. A lohe o Mitterrand i nā luna i oi aku mana, a pela "noa ka lima" i Hana me ka nui nīnūnē. He pinepine ka ninau i haawi mai ia ia i ke kuikahi ma ka noho alii ana o Charles de Ka Gaulle a me Mitterrand i nema aku no excessive mana i loko o nā lima o kekahi kanaka. Eia hou, i ka make uku i hoopauia. France ma kēia pukana i ka hope oʻEulopa aina Western a pau. Eia naʻe, mai 1984 Ua pio ke aupuni e hoʻoneʻe i ana o ka "austerity" a curtail ka nohona nā mea hoʻololi.

Mai ka makahiki 1986, hoomaka ae la ke au o ka ai-kapa. "Coexistence" i haʻalele i ka pelekikena hana pu me ke poo akau o ke aupuni, a hoao iho la ia Zhak Shirak.

I ka 1988, no ka lua o ka manawa ia i hou-koho Fransua Mitteran. Kona malokoʻikepili koe ua hoʻololiʻia: e kākoʻo i nā communists, hele aku la e negotiate me ka akau-'ēheu koa, a ma ka mea ia manawa 'aʻole i hoʻohemahema wale i ka hema, i characterizes mea like akamai a me ka ike hihio no politician me ka nui ka hoao ana i loko o kēia kahua.

Ke kuwaho o Fransua Mitterana

ʻaneʻane i nā makahiki a pau o kona Keʻena Pelekikena, la oia i haʻakoi e kaʻana like ka mana a me ka akau-'ēheu Kuhina Nui Kuhina. Mitterrand ka kuwaho kekahi i kekahi i ka manaʻo o maneuvering ma waena o ka hema a me ka akau-'ēheu koa. Pakahi aku la ia, oia koi i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka pili me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, Kelemania, a laila, i ka' amelika Kelemania, a, o ka papa, a me Rusia. Fransua Mitteran i kekahi o ka mea mua, e kākoʻo Boris Yeltsin i ka coup. Akā, i mua o nā hanana o Augate 1991, oia 'Imi kōkua' ana me ka Soviet Union. Eia hou kekahi, Francois hoʻokani no ka anoe o ke alu like 'ana me kaʻApelika Waena aina.

I ka 1981, Fransua Mitteran loaʻa iâ he nui ka lanakila - ia i lilo i ka Peresidena o Farani, akā, i ka ia makahiki, iā ia i kekahi "mea hou" - ia i diagnosed oncology. na makahiki a pau o kona noho aliʻiʻana, hele aku la ia a me ka prostate Ka maʻi 'aʻai. Mitterrand kaua aku i ka hope. I ka 1995, ua pau i kona lua koho pelekikena makahiki o ka oihana, a ma Kalikimakaʻo ia a me kona ohana i ka hele i Aigupita. Akā, i loko o January 8, 1996-la, 79 la makahiki, me ka 21 la Peresidena o Farani Fransua Mitteran hehi i loko o kekahi ao nei. Ka ukupanee ma kālai'āina, a me ke aloha o ke aupuni,ʻo ia lawe ma kona ola holoʻokoʻa mea ole pōkole.