Mōʻaukala o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe o kekahi mau hanauna

Ka mua kamepiula 'ē aʻe ʻikeʻia ma hope o ka Apana World War, i ka wa o ka wehe ana o mathematicians a me nā kānakaʻepekema i' ae 'ia e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka hou ala o ka heluhelu ana i ka' ike. A eia nae i keia mau machines mea'ē artifacts, ka mea, lilo iho la na kupuna o kēia kanaka i loko o ke alanui o ka maʻamau PC.

Manchester "Mark I" a me EDSAC

Ka mua kamepiula ma ka laekahi 'ano o ka olelo ua lilo ia i mea "Mark I", hana i ka 1949. Kona kū hoʻokahi waiho i loko o ka mea ia ia ua loa lolouila, a ma o kona hoʻomanaʻo hale kūʻai i ka polokalamu. Kēia e piʻi like ana o Pelekāne poe akamai i ua he nui poo hoʻomaka 'ana ma o ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka hooulu ana mai o kamepiula' ē aʻe. Manchester "Mark I" me Williams Tube a me kaʻume mākenēki pahu, i mālama ai i ka waihona no kaʻikepili.

I kēia lā, he nui na makahiki ma hope, i ka moʻolelo o ka hanaia'na o ke kamepiula mua ia i hoopaapaa. Controversial ninau i koe, i ke ano o ka mīkini hiki ke kapaia ka mua kamepiula. Manchester "Mark I" koe ka loa hanohano mana, he mea'ē aʻe contenders. Kekahi o ia mau mea - EDSAC. mōʻaukala o ka muli o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole like me ka kamepiula makemake e loa okoa me kēia mīkini. Inā ka "Mark" iʻikeʻia i loko o Manchester, kaʻepekema hana EDSAC koa mai Kamepelika University. Kēia kamepiula Ua Komikina'Āina i loko o May 1949. A laila, i ka hanaia i ka polokalamu mua ma luna o ka mea, a ua kūkulu i loko o ka hale o ka helu o ka 0 a hiki i 99.

Z4

Manchester "Mark I" a me EDSAC manao no kekahi papahana. I kekahi mua i loko o ka evolution o kamepiula 'ē aʻe ua lilo Z4. Aʻole ka liʻiliʻi loa, i ka mea makamake nui i ka hana keaka moʻolelo o ka honua nei. Ke kamepiula Ua hoʻololiʻia Kelemānia lunaʻenehana Konrad Zuse. E hana ma ka papahana i hoomaka ai i loko o ka hope loa kahua o ke Kaua Honua II. Keia mea ka meheu o nui ia keia ulu ana. Ua luku keʻena hoʻokolohua Zuse i loko o ke kaua ma kaʻenemi mokulele. A me ka mea i nalowale a pau i ka ipu, a me ka ka mua hopena o ka lōʻihi-makahiki hana.

Eia naʻe loea lunaʻenehana i i haawi mai. Manufacturing hana mau ma hope o ka hoouka kaua ana o ke ao nei. I ka makahiki 1950, i ka papahana i hope pau. Loa, a kukū i ka moʻolelo o kona hanaia'na. Ke kamepiula koke pili ETH. Ua kuai iho la i ke kaʻa. Z4 hoihoi hoʻomalu me ka ulterior maka pua. Ke kamepiula i ke ao iaaiey, i mea, ua ka mua nunui-hana lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe o kēiaʻano.

Ke muli o ka Soviet uila kamepiula 'ē aʻe

Ma ka mea hookahi makahiki 1950 mōʻaukala o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe i loko o ka Soviet Union i kaha maha ma ka ole emi nui kekahi hanana. uuku lolouila Me mīkini - SECM i hanaia i loko o ka Kiev Institute o uila 'enekinia. He hana ma luna o ka papahana o ka pūʻulu o Sovietʻepekema alai ae ia e Academician Sergei Lebedev.

I ka mea o kēia mīkini kikowaena eono tausani malamalama pu u kukui. Nui nona iho apono 'oe, e lawe ma luna o ka hana i pau mua ano kūkaʻi' no ka mea Soviet nō. A lua o ka mea maalea, e hiki ke hana ma kahi o ekolu tausani hana.

kalepa ana hoʻohālike

Ma ke kahua mua o ko lākou? Acaeoey kamepiula 'ē aʻe ke komo akamai mai kulanui a me nā aupuni ma lalo nei. I ka 1951, ua he Leo I kükohu, hana ma ka Beritania waiwai kūʻai poe paulele i ka hoʻomana Lyons a me Company, ka poe i waiwai Hawaii, a pōʻeleʻele loa. Me ka Hekikai o kēia mea mōʻaukala o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe i pili i kekahi milestoneʻano nui. Leo au i hoʻohana 'ia no ka mea mua kalepa ikepili aaioee. Kona manao ua like me ka 'ole o ka manaʻo EDSAC precursor.

Ka mua 'Amelika kalepa kamepiula i ka UNIVAC I. Heʻikeʻia i loko o ka ia 1951. Total Ua kuai lilo aku la he kanaha-eono o kēia mau Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, i ka waiwai o kela mea keia mea o ka i mea i loko o ka miliona o ka dala. Kekahi o ia i hoʻohana 'ia ma ka' Amelika helu. I ka mea o lakou i oi aku mamua o elima tausani holo paipu. E like me ka Media hoʻohana ma o ka lohi laina o Hereme. Kekahi o ia hiki ke hūnāʻia i ke tausani hua'ōlelo. I ulu ka UNIVAC I, ka mea i hooholoia, e haʻalele i ke kuʻina kāleka, a hele aku i ka metallized leki. Me ke kōkua o ka mea hiki e pili ana i ke kālepa pūnaewele kahua.

"Pua"

Ia manawa, i ka Soviet lolouila kamepiula 'ē aʻe i ka mōʻaukala o ka honua nei. Kamepiula "Strela", iʻikeʻia ma ka 1953, lilo i ka mua o ia pūkaʻina lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka USSR. Ka His Ua hua mai la i ka Moscow kanu helu mahina machines. No ka makahikiʻekolu i ua hanaʻia ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ewalu Eia kekahi laʻana. Kēia kūlana machines Ua ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka Academy o Sciences, Moscow State University a me ka mea i manao ai oihana aia i loko o ka paʻa kulanakauhale.

"Pua" hiki e 2-3 tausani ana no kekona. No ka lulu popilikia nā mīkini home ka mea, he mau mooolelo helu. Nā 'ikepili waiho ma luna o kaʻume mākenēki leki, i noho mai ai i 200 tausani hua'ōlelo. Developers maalea i i hookoia ka Stalin uku. Luna akamai Yuri Bazilevsky i lilo i Hero o Socialist na Hana Lima.

I ka lua o ka hanauna o ka kamepiula 'ē aʻe

I ka makahiki 1947,ʻo ia invented transistors. Ma ka hopena o 50-ies. ka mea, ua auou caiaiai ikehu-hoopauia'na a me ka palupalu kukui. Me ka Hekikai o transistors ma kamepiula mīkini hoomaka ae la i ka hou mōʻaukala o ka honua nei. Kamepiula i ke loaʻa kēia mau māhele hou i hope 'ike e like me Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka lua-hanauna. I ka papa kuhikuhiE HOU ua i ka mea i ka pai huakai kaapuni papa a me nā transistors i 'ae' ia nunui emi ka nui o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe, no ke aha la ka mea, ua lilo nui aku he mea hiki a me ka pono.

Inā ma mua o ka kamepiula ua ku holoʻokoʻa wahi maikai loa, ka mea e e hoemi i na huliāmahi o ka oihana päkaukau i höÿike ÿia. Oia no ka laʻana, ka mea, ua he kumu hoʻohālike o ka IBM 650. Akā, i transistors ka mea, i ae kekahi pilikia nui. Kamepiula 'ē aʻe, he mau nō loa pipiʻi, no ka mea, o ka a ka mea i i wale e kauoha no kulanui, nui hui paha aupuni.

E möakäka hou evolution o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe

I ka 1959, oia invented ka noniakahi huakai kaapuni. La lakou ia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kolu o ka hanauna o ka kamepiula 'ē aʻe. 1960. Ka mea, ua noho pilikia o ke kamepiula. Lākou? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me kuai ana, a mahuahua nui me ka nui loa. Mahalo i nā māhele hou o ka mea i lilo ho'ēmi a me ka oi ole, oiai ka mea, nō i ole ua hoʻopilikinoʻia. Ka hapa nui o kēia kamepiula 'ē aʻe i kuai ai ma ka poʻe koa.

I ka makahiki 1971, ua kuu i ke kuai i ka mua loa aku iee? Intel 4004. Ma ke kumu o ka ha o ka hanauna o ka kamepiula 'ē aʻe ikea Intel haku polokalamu. Anakahi iki-keʻano o ka hanaʻana aeia nui nīnūnē kekahi ma mua holo peʻe ma kekahi kamepiula noonoo. One ia'ikamu hanaʻia nā mea a pau Logical a me ka makemakika ana, a ua kākauʻia ia e kekahi kanaka maoli kivila. Prior i keia Kaka, keia papa ua ma luna o ka ahaaina o ka poe liilii, hehee wale. Ke ano o ka mea wale ao kekahi hapa i ka harbinger o ka ulu ana o ka poe liilii, hale kamepiula 'ē aʻe.

pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe

I ka makahiki 1977, i ka Apple huakai, ua hoʻokumuʻia Steve Jobs, hoʻolauna i ke ao nei, a hiki i ka ho Apple II. Kona kumu koena unuhi mai kekahi mua kamepiula ua i ka mea i ka mea o ke keiki Kaleponi poe manao no ka kuai i ka maʻamau kanaka. Ua ua he Hopu, a hiki i nei mea wale i hōʻeaʻole o. Pela i hoomaka ai ka mōʻaukala o ke kamepiula hanauna o kino kamepiula 'ē aʻe. New i koi mai i ka 90th. I loko o kēia wā, ka mea, ua kuai lilo aneane ehiku miliona huahelu, a ua he piha aupuni mooolelo o ka manawa.

E hahai Apple Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i ke kū hoʻokahi mea kiʻi mau ', mea hoʻohana kama'āina a me ke kālā no pōkole, a he nui' ē aʻe HOU. A pau ka ua Stiv Dzhobs pono i kaulana kamepiula iole. I ka makahiki 1984 a hoike aku la i kona loa holomua ÷ Macintosh, a hemo ka pau huahelu, na i keia la. He nui discoveries o nā kānakaʻenehana a me nā haku polokalamu Apple lilo i ke kumu no ka keia o ka kamepiula 'ē aʻe, hana ma ka me' ē aʻe Manufacturers.

wahi lulu Aey? acaeoey

Aie i ka mea i pau ai ka hoʻokahuli aupuni discoveries pili i kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ai loko o ka West, ka mōʻaukala o ka honua nei, hana i koe i loko o ka malu o ka haole pomaikai o ke kamepiula' ē aʻe ma Rusia, a me ka USSR. Ua Ua pili me ka mea i ka ulu ana o ia mau machines e hoʻomalu aku ma ka moku'āina, oiai ma 'Eulopa, a me ka Amerika Huipuia Initiative ke kiʻekiʻe o hala i loko o ka lima o kekahi hui.

I ka 1964 i ka mua Soviet mea uholo uila kamepiula "Snow" a me ka "Hao". I ka 1970-ies. Ua hoʻohana ' "Elbrus" kamepiula' ē aʻe ma ka hoomalu ana i puolo. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka'ōnaehana o Anati-Kao lele lako kaua pale a me nukelea-oaio? A.