Fundus o ka maka - ke aniani o ka pilikia maʻi

Fundus o ka maka - o ka pahale ili o ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo, i mea hiki iloko o ophthalmoscopy.

Ophthalmoscopy - he fundus keia hookolokolo ana me ka kūikawā kau iho a me ka magnification o 4-16 manawa. No keia mea, aia ophthalmoscopes - kūikawā maalea, e hiki i handheld a me ka lako e. Fundus o ka maka, ka mea hiki ke hōʻike i ke kiʻi pololei, a me ka hulu. Ophthalmoscopy a hoʻolaha ma luna o ka mea hookahi kumu i loko o ka mua a me ka hope. E kiʻi i ka piha kiʻi o ka ocular fundus nana nāʻano likeʻole o ka malamalama: ulaula, kaawale ulaula, he lenalena, uliuli, etc.

Best hana ophthalmoscopy me ka nui, dilated haumana. No keia mea, koke ma mua o ka kaʻina hana i ho'ākāka 'hoʻomanawanui ka haʻaheo ai' (atropine pinepine). Akā, inā he mea kekahi e hoʻohuoiʻia no glaucoma, ka haumāna, aole ia i dilate i ole hoʻonui intraocular puʻe.

Ke mau hana hōʻike i eyeground - ulaula, i hilinaʻi nui ma ka maʻiʻo pigments intensivonost kupono (retinal a me ka horioidealnogo) i loko o ka retina a me ka choroid.

Ma ka ili o ka fundus pono hiki kēia mau kumu:

- he iwi kuamoʻo i ka optic nā aʻalolo (haikea a pink kaiapili a me ka'ololaha me ka hōʻemi iki indentation i loko o ke kikowaena hapa -. Ka vascular funnel aia ma luna o ka retina, he iki loko).

- Central artery a me aa koko o ka retina (ka OAAIeOO, mai ka pā hōkū, māheleʻia i loko o luna, a malalo lala, laila, i loko o liʻiliʻi twigs Pela artery māmā a me ka pololei a me ka aa koko - Dark a ai manamana ai.).

- macular (aia ma luna o ka mawaho kaupoku o ka retina, ka waihoʻoluʻu denser a me ka uala eleele ma mua o ke aʻalolo, ua hoʻokino e like ka'ololaha, i ka piko o ka a aia no he pouli dimple).

E hōʻoia i ka maka o ka lā e leie akuʻoe e hōʻike i kekahi mau pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ka mea, ke hana ma muli o ka poino i ka optic nā aʻalolo a me ka maka ia iho, akā, no hoi, no ka mahuahua nui intracranial puʻe (hypertension), mimikō, naau e hemahema, aaiaoe kāna hana, nāʻano likeʻole o kaʻapu kōheoheo.

Ka loa e like me ka maʻi o ka fundus:

- stagnant keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka pā hōkū - ia lŘlŘ ma na circulatory kāna hana, ka hapanui pinepine i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka arterial hypertension.

- haikea pā hōkū - Hōʻike i ke alo o keʻano o ka hanaʻana atrophic

- haanou ana i loko o kekahi hapa o ka retina.

-'āno'ē kūpono 'ana o ka optic nā aʻalolo.

- maʻi o ka retina: i ke kue o ke koko, li nui, turbidity, degeneration, hemorrhage, etc.

- maʻi o ka choroid: mau sclerosis, Ka maʻi 'aʻai, malnutrition, li nui.

- pathology o sciatica, a degenerative iwi kuamoʻo maʻi.

Ophthalmoscopy e lawelawe ai ophthalmologist, a me diagnoses i pu me ka neurologist a neurosurgeon.

No ke aha la i kaupaona aku ophthalmoscopy

fundus ponopono apono 'pololeiʻike, o ka mea okoa kāna hana. An ophthalmologist hoʻokolokolo ai i ka pono kūlana o ka retina, o kumu o ka pilikia makapō hoʻopilikia, a hiki i ka olelo wanana a - ina Holomua i ka maʻi. Eia hou, i ka noho ana o ka maka o ka lā i hāʻawi mai 'ike e pili ana i ka moku'āina o na moku, i ke alo o spasms, nā hiʻona o cerebral koko pele. Kēia 'ike He pono i neurologists e huai ae hoʻomāhuahua mau ana i intracranial puʻe , a pili i na moku ke koko'ē aʻe pilikia.

Me ka ophthalmoscopy kauka hiki e hōʻike pilikia hikoko. Ma keia hihia, hou ke kūkā ua kuhikuhi i ka neurosurgeon, no laila, e hiki ia ia ke hoʻoholo i nā kiʻina hana o ka lapaau, a me ka nele iʻoki kino.

Ma kekahi hihia, ina ka deteriorated pilikia makapō acuity mua o nā maka e lele keʻokeʻo nalo, a pouli wahi lilelile, hou ka loiloi 'ia, oe e ole hooneoneo manawa a me ka noi aku i ke kōkua. Ka mua hōʻike 'na kumu o ka mai, a me ka hoakakaia lapaʻau, i ka maikaʻi o ka manawa no ka piha ke ola.