Futurists - owai la keia? Lūkini Futurists. Ke kala Age Futurist

Futurism (mai Roma futurum, ke ano, "wā e hiki mai") - ka avant-garde ana i loko o oe ma Europe 1910-1920,ʻano nui i loko o Rusia, a Italy .. Ua imi iho la e hana i kekahi ai-i kapaia "nō o ka wā e hiki mai", e like me ka lunamakaainana o keia hai aku i loko o ka maopopo.

Ma ka hana o Ft Marinetti, Italian haku mele, Lūkini Cubo-Futurists o ke kaiāulu "Gilei", e like me i komo o ka "Mezzanine poetry", "Ego-Futurists Ahahui", "milo" hōʻole kuʻuna moʻomeheu like me ka hoʻoilina o "ka hala", hoʻomohala ma na aesthetics o ka mīkini hana a me ka urbanism .

ano hiʻona

No ka pena keia wahi ua wehewehe aku ma nodules palapala, hoʻololi ai, mau repetitions o kekahi mau manaʻo, akä, e like me ka summation o ka kūpono hoʻokēʻai-noi ka hoao ana. Ma Italia, i ka Futurists -, kēia John Severini, U. Boccioni. Ma ka moʻokalaleo, he mea i ka läÿau, o ka fiction a me ka Documentary mea, ma ka poetry - experimentation me ka 'ōlelo ( "nonsense" a "hua'ōlelo i loko o ke ku okoa ana"). Russian Futurist haku mele - o V. V. Mayakovsky, V. V. Hlebnikov, I. Northerner, A. E. Kruchenyh.

pūʻulu

Keia au i waho i loko o nā makahiki 1910-1912, pu me acmeism. Acmeists, futurists a me ka poeikohoia o nā paialewa o ka modernism i loko o kāna hana, a me ka hoao ana i ka hoʻoponopono-contradictory. Ka oi nui o ka Futurists pūʻulu, hope kapa Cubo-Futurism, 'amelika likeʻole haku mele o ke kala, Age. Ka loa kaulana o kona futurist haku mele - o V. V. Hlebnikov, D. D. Burlyuk, V. Kamensky, Kruchenykh, V. V. Mayakovsky a me na mea e ae. Egofuturizm I. Severianin (haku mele I. V. Lotarev, makahiki o ke ola - 1887-1941) i kekahi o nāʻano likeʻole o kēia au. I ka pūʻulu "Centrifuge" hoomaka kā lākou hana ike Soviet haku mele B. L. Pasternak a me N. N. Aseev.

Ku okoa ana o poetic hua'ōlelo

Lūkini Futurists kukalaia kuokoa o ka palapala a me ka maʻiʻo, kona kipi, kona palena ku okoa ana o ka poetic hua'ōlelo. Ka mea, ua pale loa i ka mooolelo palapala, ai '. Ma ka manifesto, a me ka loa cocky kapaia "paʻi i loko o ka maka o ka lehulehu ono", paʻiʻia ma ka ia ohi ana o ka makahiki 1912, 'elele o keia au paipai, e hoolei aku i ka "moku o ka modernity" ike Aupuni e like me Dostoevsky, Pushkin a me Tolstoy. Kruchenykh kokua i ka pono o ka haku mele, e hana i kā lākou iho, "abstruse" 'ōlelo, aʻaʻohe mau waiwai. Kona Verses i ka mea UAIAaIN ma incomprehensible, meaningless 'ia paha o nā hua'ōlelo. Akā, VV Kamensky (makahiki o ke ola - 1884-1961) a me V. Khlebnikov (makahiki o ke ola - 1885-1922), ua hiki ke lawe mai i kona hana loa hoihoi 'ho okolohua me ka' ōlelo i hoohua hopena ma luna o ke aupuni poetry.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

Futurist a ua he haku mele kaulana Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (1893-1930). Kona poem mua i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1912. Vladimir Vladimirovich i lawe mai ai i keia wahi kona iho theme, i mai ke kinohi hana ia e kū mai i waena o ka mea'ē aʻe lala. Mayakovsky, futurist hoʻopaipai no ka hanaia'na o ke hou ola ma ka hui, aʻaʻole wale nō ma luna o ka mea likeʻole "junk".

Ma ka mua kipi o 1917 oiai ka haku mele i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni pilialoha, ka poe i denounced ka ai-kapa aupuni "momoma", maopopo aku i ka pōʻino e hiki mai hoʻokahuli aupuni ino. E hoole ana i na kanawai capitalist pili nenoaiu, oia i kukula hele humanist manaoio i ke kanaka i loko o na poem me "ka iwi kuamoo hano", "A Kapua i ka wāwae", "kanaka", "Kaua a me ka maluhia". Kumuhana paʻiʻia ma ka 1915 (ma truncated ano o ka censorship wale nō), ka poem "A Kahulamu ma wāwae" o ka haku mele iā ia iho i hoakakaia hou me 4 uwa "Down!" Down me ke aloha, ke akamai, a me ka mea hoomana. He ua kekahi o ka mua Lūkini haku mele hoike mai i loko o kā lākou mau Verses i ka oiaio o ka mea hou lehulehu.

nihilism

I ka makahiki mua o ke kipi i loko o Lūkini poetry ola huali kanaka, a ua hiki ole ke kaila i ka kekahi palapala, ai 'neʻeʻana. It M. I. Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) a me M. Voloshin (1877-1932). Hope o 1910, he mea kekahi hou kuhikuhi - futurism, ku e ia ia iho i nā mea a pau i ka moʻokalaleo,ʻaʻole wale nō ka mea i hala, aka, i ka makana. Ua hele mai i loko o ke ao nei me ka makemake e hookahuli i nā mea a pau ideals. Nihilism hiki ke ike ia ma ka mawaho manao o ka haku mele i hoiliili ole, i i paʻiʻia ma ka hope o ka Wallpaper 'ole hoʻi i wahīʻia pepa e like me ma ko lakou mau inoa - "Kaumakaiwa Moon", "kona kua ka waiū" a me nā typical futurist poem.

"Paʻi ma ka Recycle o Public ono"

Ma ka mea mua pai ia i loko o ka makahiki 1912 o ka puke "paʻi ma ka Recycle o Public lakou e hoao ei" i paʻiʻia hoakaka. Ua Ua kakauinoaia e maikaʻi-ike haku mele-futurists. Ka mea, ua Andrew Kruchenykh, David Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky a me Velimir Khlebnikov. Ma ka mea, koi aku la lakou i ko lakou mikanele pono i kekahi mea, e ia spokesmen o kona'āina. Haku mele hōʻole like Dostoyevsky mau ideals, Pushkin, Tolstoy, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, a Balmont, me kona mau "ala moekolohe," Andreyev me kona "ʻino bitumena", Maxim Gorky, Alexander Blok, Aleksandra Kuprina a me na mea e ae.

Hoomalau ana i na mea a pau futurists manifesto nā pūʻulu ka "uila" pakiko-waiwai hua'ōlelo. Me ka ho'āʻo, e like Vladimira Vladimirovicha Mayakovskogo, e hookahuli i ka? Ueony nohona mea, ka mea e makemake e update i kona 'ano apau loa. Ma ka Lūkini mana o ka slogan "kaua - ka wale kou niho o ko ke ao nei", ua manaoia o ka hookumu ana o Italia Futurism, i hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia, nae, e like me Valery Bryusov, keia ideology ua no "kū mai ma waena o ka laina."

E like me kaulana ma Vadim Shershenevich, kālā Age Futurist hoala mua i ka pono kiʻekiʻe palapala, e haawi ana ia i ka waiwai o ke poʻo kumu a mea, samotselevogo hehee ai o ka hana. Ka mea, categorically hoomalau na Verses i i kākau pono no ka pono o ka manaʻo. Nolaila, ua he lākou o ka olelo hai kumu.

Ka hou 'ōlelo

Velimir Khlebnikov, kekahi theorist o Futurism, a haʻi maila i ka hou "abstruse" 'ōlelo me ka' ōlelo o ka wā e hiki mai nā hualoaʻa a. Ua haalele i ke ano o ka olelo, kahi a e loaa i ka pilikino connotation. Pela, ua maopopo na vowels like makahiki a me ka manawa (aspirational), consonants - kani, waihoʻoluʻu, hohono. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e hoʻonui i ka palena o ka 'ōlelo, ka mea, e kaumaha ana i ka ho okumu i hua'ōlelo ma ka kumu o ke kumu (kumu: kuhihewa ia ..., manaʻo ... - "mākou Charu a shied aku mai").

Aestheticism simvolisticheskoy, a oi loa aku hoi poetry Acmeist Futurists kū'ē i kahalalo 'deestetizatsiyu. No ka laʻana, ka mea "poetry - tattered kauwawahine," David Burliuk. Valeriy Bryusov ma ka loiloi 'ia o "Ka Year o Lūkini poetry" (1914) olelo,' ana i kumumanaʻo manao kolohe futurist poetry, ia mea,ʻaʻole i lawa ke scold i kekahi mea ma waho lākou a puni, i kekahi mea hou e loaʻa. He kuhikuhi mai i nā mea a pau kēia mau HOU ostensibly ka mana haku mele. halawai pu makou me ia i loko o ka poetry o ka 18th kenekulia, ma Virgil a me Pushkin, a me ke kani-waihoʻoluʻu kumumanaʻo Ua manaoia Teofilem Gote.

ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka pili

He hana hoihoi 'ia, no ka mea, a pau ka mea hōʻole i ke akamai, ai ka Futurists kala Age nō haha aku i ka ka hoʻomauʻana o ka symbolism. No laila, Alexander Blok, poe kupuna makuakane i ka hana o Igorya Severyanina mai nei me ka manao i ka mea aole ia i i ke kumuhana a me ka 'atikala 1915 Valeriy Bryusov kaulana i ka hikiʻole i ka manaʻo a me ka nele o ka ike belittle kona poetry. He mea i hoʻokau i ka Northerner ma vulgarity, ino ono, o ka oi aku nema aku ana i kona mau poem e pili ana i ke kaua.

E like hoʻi i loko o ka makahiki 1912 Aleksandr Blok mai la oia ia mea, ua makau o mea na modernists i ole Kora naʻEsau. Soon, i ka manaʻo o "futurist" a me ka "ē" Ua lilo synonymous e hoʻokanahaʻi i ka lehulehu o ia mau makahiki. Press avidly hahai i ka "hoʻomanaʻo" na kanaka haku o ka hou nō. No ka mea, o keia, ka mea iʻikeʻia a hiki i ka nui lehulehu, o Laielohelohe i ka hailona o ka noonoo. I ka moolelo o keia au i loko o Rusia o ka luna 'pilina ma waena o ke kumu nui nā pūʻulu eha, pakahi no i ka wahine i manaoio ia ia expresses "oiaio" futurism, a me ka piena o ua kūkākūkāʻia me'ē aʻe, apau i inoa kūlana. Kēia kaua i wahi ma ka manao lokahi noʻonoʻo loi lua i pele, a maoli he lākou hoʻokaʻawale a me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha. Akā, i kekahi manawa nā lālā o ka pūʻulu okoa neʻe mai kekahi i kekahi a me converging.