Gram-maikaʻi koʻohune

Gram-maikaʻi koʻohune loaa hou kona inoa i loko o 1884, ka wā o ka Denemaka nä känaka 'epekema G. Gram i kaumaha aku i kana hana o ka hoʻokolokolo' ana. Ke kumu o keia iaoia ua waiho iho i hookohu aku i o ka halepaahao paia o koʻohune kūikawā make e ae e kuhikuhi i ka biochemical waiwai o ka halepaahao membranes. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka pāʻoihana, i produces coloration ka loaʻa o aniline a me ka iodine pāʻoihana no ka hoʻopunipuni i ka waihoʻoluʻu. Gram maikaʻi koʻohune mahope o koʻu holoi i ka i kohuia ikaika a me Gram - discolored.

Gram-maikaʻi koʻohune nā laktobatsillobakterii, micrococcal koʻohune batsillobakterii a me klostridiobakterii. Ka 'ole o kēlā me kēia pūʻulu mea okoa koʻohune manawa kūpono' ole impossibility o sporulation, akā, i loko o kekahi mau mea, e typical - i kaʻili lahilahi, a ribosomal nucleotide.

Clostridia, ka mea, ua nui anaerobes a me ka hapanui i loko o ka palapala o ka hoaa, akā, i kekahi manawa cocci. I loko o ke kahua o ka mea koʻohune spores Clostridium i ka lemona shape. Clostridium i ka hiki i ka i unrest i loko o kekahi mau nā polokina, polysaccharides,'amino nāʻakika a me Pirin. No ka laʻana, he fermentation kaʻina hoʻohana Clostridium loaa acetone a me kekahi'ē aʻe waiʻona mai ke kino. Mau koʻohune ke ola i loko o ka lepo, i loko o ka wai, i ka digestive'āpana o ke ola kanaka. No ka mea pepehi kanaka Clostridium tetanii (pathogen tetanus), a me Clostridium septikum (causative Agena o ke kinoea gangrene). Kēia bacterium He Clostridium botulinum, produces he make ikaika e hiki aku ai i ka instantaneous make.

Batsillobakterii i kookoo-hoʻokino pinepine, Aerobic, ka mea, e hiki hoi ke ho okumu i spores. Bacillus subtilis ua maikaʻi loa i waena o kēia mau subspecies, i ua 'Imi komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka decomposition o ke aloha mea. No ka mea, ua pilikia loa bacillus anthracis. Manawa i kona maoli waiwai batsillobakterii hoʻohana i ka paka antibiotics.

Lactobacillus - he gram-maikaʻi koʻohune mea e ole hana spores, a eia i loko o ke kino o ka laau. I ka waiwai o kēia mau koʻohune o kā lākou hana i kaʻawaʻawaʻana carbohydrates, a hoomakaukau e lacticʻakika. Lactobacilli hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā mea inu, haleʻuwī waiū huahana, pickled cabbage, pickled. Ka mea i hanaʻia i loko o ensiling like me ka hopena o ka decomposition o ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona koe.

Micrococci alu nā aerobic a me ka anaerobic microorganisms mea e ole hana endospores. Pūnao ua pinepine nona ma o ka mālama 'ana i ka ÷ naehana hanu kuleana pili i. Mau cocci i komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka decomposition o ka ai, a me ka holoholona, kanu i koe. Ka loa kaulana Luna o ka micrococci - aureus. Ināʻo ia i loaʻa ma luna o nā huahana i mea ma ka wela, a laila, e hoʻomaka i ka 'Imi excrete toxin, pilikia i kānaka.

'Olu kū mycoplasma, kekahi o i mea nō maliuia e Gram-maikaʻi koʻohune. Mycoplasma - ka mea liilii loa mālama '-nukelea, e hamama ai ka mea e ole no i kaʻili lahilahi, mai hana spores. Ka hapa nui o ia e kolohe ole nae, akā, kekahi pathogens i e, no ka laʻana, he kanaka e kauoha ana maʻiʻaʻai hui capsules, urogenital nā loko, mucous membranes a me ka ÷ naehana hanu'āpana. Ma 'ia nā pōpō ma ka Gram ano, i nā mea a pau o ia ke paa paʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu.

Man Ua paʻakikī "e kiʻi a" me ka Gram-maikaʻi koʻohune. Haʻawina hōʻike e pili ana i ka hapalua o nā mea a pau nā mea palahēhē i loko o kānaka, kena ae la ma na elele o keia pae. I ka mea kiʻekiʻe lawa pono waiho waho huahana a me pilikino kou niho manawa kūpono o ka ole-conflictual kaiāulu. Akā, i ka anal o ke kino, kekahi Gram-maikaʻi koʻohune ke hoʻonāukiuki mea kaua. Ma keia hihia, a hiki i ke kōkua o kekahi kūikawā pūʻulu o antibiotics, e kū'ē i ka koʻohune.