Grand Duke o Lithuania Vytautas: Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo, wahi lulu kālai'āina, make

Ke mau lā o ka hanau mea i ike ole Vytautas. Ma kiʻekiʻe wehewehena i loko o ka moʻolelo o nā kākau moʻolelo i hele mai ai i ka hopena i kona wa i hanau a puni 1350. Na Luna Nui Duke o Lithuania Vytautas i hanau i ke keiki a me ka keiki a Algirdas Keistut, a i ole koi ae i ka mana maluna o ka moku'āina. Kona lokomaikai kiekie kulana i waena o compatriots, oia ua kūkākūkāʻia no na makahiki i ka lehulehu kanawai a me ka na haole kaua.

Makuakane no ka mana

I ka 1377 i kona makua kāne make Vytautas, Grand Duke o Lithuania Algirdas. Mana i hooholoia i kana keiki Jagiello. Keystut mea ua Troki Duke, ua aeia keiki papa kiʻekiʻe, a hoi aku la i kona mau manaʻo hihia - Anati-Hui Crusaders kukulu ai i loko o ka Baltics lākou mau koa kauoha. Jagiello, naʻe, ua makau iho la ia i kona makua kāne. Eia hou, e hoʻomāhuahua i ka paranoia aʻo He kokekau wale.

Jagiello hele aku la i loko o oia i kuikahi me na Crusaders e hoʻonele Keistut i kona'āina hoʻoili. Soon ke kanawai kaua, a i mālamaʻia ka wā e hiki mai Grand Duke o Lithuania Vytautas. I ka 1381 pu me kona makua kāne,ʻo ia luku Jagiello. Kęstutis pokole lilo i ka luna o ka mea a pau aina, a me Vytautas - kona hooilina.

kivila kaua

Ua i ka kela makahiki - i ka 1382, ma Lithuania, he kipi wawahi mai e ku ei ke aupuni Keistut. Together me Vytautasʻo ia i pio, a i umi wale ia i loko o ka hale paʻahao. Keiki holo akula i loko o ke kikowaena o ka Teutonic Papa. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, Poland a me Lithuania komo aku i loko o ka hoao ana, pela ka pono merged i loko o ka hoʻokahi moku'āina. Jagiello hoʻoneʻe i kona kapikala ma Kakow. A laila, Vytautas i ka hoahānau hoʻi o ka Luna Nui Duchy ma ka Rights o ke kiaaina.

Naʻe, ka mea e kue koke ma waena o ia lua me ka hou ana ikaika. kekahi manawa hou i Vytautas e holo i pakele ai i ka Crusaders, oia noho iho la ia me ka mea no ka makahiki ekolu i makaukau no ka lanakila hoʻi i kona'āina. I ka 1392-mika ma hope o ka moʻo o kaua na hoahanau pūlima ostrów aelike. Grand Duke o Lithuania Vytautas hookahi hou hoopaa iho ai i ka inoa. Formally, oia aeia oia ia ia iho i ka pio e ana o ke Polish ke aliʻi, akā, kākau moʻolelo manaʻo ka mea, ua i ka 1392 o ka hoʻomaka 'ana lā o kona de Na facto kuokoa o ka Papa.

Paipai aʻo kai eʻe e ku ei ka Tartars

Ma hope o ke Kanawai War, Vytautas hiki hope e lohe i ka mawaho poe enemi o Lithuania. Ma ka hema palena o kona aupuni ka i kokoke ma ka hehi, a ua ma lalo o ka mana o ka Tatars. I ka 1395 i ka Khan o ke Gula iā Goga Tokhtamysh waiho wale aku no i ka palaoa pio ma ka Tamerlane ka poe koa. He holo aku la ia Vilna, e imi ana i puʻuhonua no malaila.

He aha ma keia kahua i Vytautas? Grand Duke o Lithuania, kona Kawaihae mea he laʻana o kaʻeleu luna nana i kaua aku i ka hoalauna pilikia a pau me ka, hiki ole e hala ia i ka manawa. He hālau a Tokhtamysh, a hoomaka ae la eʻohi i poʻe hao wale no ka wā e hiki mai kaua i ka hehi. I ka 1397, i ka luna o ka poʻe kaua ma ka Don, a, me ke ku e kūikawā ia'ku, hao mai, a luku iho la ia i ka i? Iaie? Tatars. I ka hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia iā Goga eia hoʻoholo i ke kaua i na paʻewa, ua pono i loko o kona lokomaikaʻi. Lithuanians luku aku i ka hehi, a i oi ma mua o ka tausani pio.

Akā, i i ole hooki Vytautas - Grand Duke o Lithuania. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka Crimea ua paipaiʻia iā ia e hele i ka unexplored Peninsula, kahi nomads, a mālama lākou waiwai Tokhtamysh koa o kēlāʻaoʻao. First Lituania koa loa pii ai a hiki i kaʻenemi ?? eoi? Ee. Vytautas manaʻolana kona i ka pomaikai hooeueu ae la i ka Pope, e hai aku i pa-Europa crusade ku ei ka Tatars. Inā ia ke kai eʻe maoli ka hoʻomaka 'ana a me ka pau ana, ka luna ke helu ma ka inoa aliʻi, a me ka nui ulu i loko o nā panalāʻau e noho ma ka hikina.

Ke Kaua o ka Vorskla River

Naʻe, i ka crusade ma lalo o ka patronage o Roma, i ole e hiki mai. Ia manawa, ua hiki e hoʻonā i na kāna hana e lawelawe, a hui pu me ka mea e uhai i ka Western poe enemi i ka Tatars. Hehi alakai ma Han Timur Qutlugh a me temnik Yedigei. Ka mea, hoakoakoa ae la ka poe koa nui o na umi o na tausani o ka poe koa.

He aha ke ku e ia lakou, a me ka poe hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kaua ma lalo o kona hae Vytautas - Grand Duke o Lithuania? Wahi lulu kālai'āina kiaaina ae la ia ia, e imi i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai ma waena o nā wahi likeʻole o ka Lituania lehulehu. Ma ka wahi mua i ke alo o ka ona i ka hihia o ka launa ana me ka Lūkini Orthodox heluna e noho ana i loko o ka nui wahi o ka aina. Vytautas i mālama i kēia mau kanaka a me kā lākou mau aliʻi, ma laila hiki ke loaʻa i ka inoa maikaʻi maikai.

Kona manaʻo o ka punitive kai eʻe ma luna o ka Tatars i lewa i ole wale kona Orthodox heluna kanaka, akā, i kekahi aupuni kūʻokoʻa Lūkini aliʻi. Together me Vytautasʻae no ka hoʻoponopono 'i ke alii kiaaina o Smolensk. i hele nui kōkua mai Poland, a hiki i ka Teutonic Papa. O Kakolikaʻae e hana i ka hui mua ma luna o ka hehi. Eia hoi, a me Vytautas he Tatars kupaʻa ke Tokhtamysh.

Ke kaua a ma kahi o 40 tausani kanaka hana ma ka hikina ma ka 1399. Ke kuleana kaua i wahi ma luna o ka Vorskla River - ka hookupu ana o ka Dnieper. Vytautas koa mua hemo aku he kūpono ', a me ka wahine a hiki kauoha aku e holo ikaika aku nei i ka Tatars. Naʻe, i ka lua o ka hapalua nomadic mua iaʻoihana kaʻa pepehi ana ia Lituania paukū. Ma keʻano nui koke ka Tatars ku i ka hope o ka poe Kristiano, a pahu aku la a hiki i ka muliwai. Ke kaua i pau ai i ka make. Ua hoehaia Vytautas ia ia iho, a haka pakele. Ma hope iho o kēia 'ole, ka mea, he e poina e pili ana i ke anoe o ka hehi, a me ka aliʻi inoa. Ma ke kaua pepehi nui Lūkini, a Lituania aliʻi: Polotsk luna, Bryansk a me Smolensk.

Ke hou hoao ana me Poland

Ma hope iho o ka make ma Vorskla Vytautas mana i hooweliweli. He lilo ka hailona no kākoʻo, oiai ma Lithuaniaʻoi loa maila kona hou hoa paio. Ka mea, lilo Svidrigaylo Olgerdovich - ke kaikaina o Prince Jagiello a me Vitebsk kaikaina. Ma kēia mau ana, Vytautas manaʻo e komo i loko o ka hou hui ana me Poland. I ka pau ana o ka 1400, oia halawai me Jagiello kokoke Grodno, kahi mō'ī kakauinoa i ka palapala, a ia i ka hou ke kahua i loko o ka ulu ana o ka launa ana o Kakow a me Vilnius.

He aha i ka pā like ana o ka aelike, a ke kumu ka mea, ua ai nui? Jagiello ike no ka wa e ola ona Vytautas Lithuania, i ka pono nele Svidrigaylo kekahi pono a hiki i ka noho aliʻi. Kona paio Ua meaningless, aʻae nō hoʻi ka hoʻoponopono-aiʻulupā. No kona aoao, ke Lituania Grand Duke Vytautas ma hope o kona make ana Ho'āʻo i kekahi, i ka noho aliʻi iā Jogaila, a me kona mau hope. Inā ka mea, ua ole, a me ka mea o ua Lithuania ka noho aliʻi, e hoʻoneʻe kanaka koho no aristocrats balota. I ka Ia manawa i nāʻauamo, ua hoʻohiki like nā pono kīvila i Orthodox Russian boyars. Kēia 'aelike la ia mea e like me ka Pact o Vilnius a me Radom.

Ke kue i ka Teutonic naita

Ke kaua nalowale me ka Tatars ua ikaika, akā,ʻaʻole i ka ona e loa. Soon Vytautas loaa hou mai ia. Ma ka piko o kona noonoo ana i ka pilina me ka Teutonic Papa. Crusaders no na makahiki ia aina mai Lithuania a me Poland, oiai ka mea i hana i loko o ke kaua kūloko. Ano mō'ī he allies, a no laila, ma ke alo o ia wehe i ka manawa kūpono o ka papa hoʻolaukahi Ally ana e ku ei ka Teutonic Papa.

Vytautas ua hoihoi i ka hoi'āina Samogitians a me Jagiello makemake e kiʻi hoʻi i ka hikina Pomerania, a Helminskuyu a me Michalowski aina. hoomaka ae la ke kaua me ka uprising ma Samogitia. I hauʻoli Teutonic domination kākoʻo Vytautas. Grand Duke o Lithuania, he pōkole Kawaihae a mea he moʻo o ka hoʻomauʻana koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, ua hoʻoholo ihola i keia mea o ka pono wale e ho'āla ai i ka hoouka i ke Crusaders.

Ke kai eʻe ma luna o ka Teutonic Papa

Ma ke kahua mua o ke kaua nāʻaoʻaoʻelua hana hesitantly. Na wale nui ka pomaikai o kaʻauamo, a me ka Lithuanians i ka hopu ana o ka pā kaua o Bydgoszcz. ia nei hoa paio koke manao he Kuikahi o ka maluhia. Naʻe, ka mea, ua pōkole-i noho ai, i ka maha pono mau hoa paio e mobilize kona me ke koe. Ke kumu o ka Papa Ulrich av Yunginen hoʻolālā i ke kākoʻo mai o ka Hunakalia King Sigizmunda Lyuksemburga. Kekahi i kūpaluʻia i ka ke Kelemānia a lilo haole mercenaries. Ma ka manawa o ka resumption o hostilities ka Crusaders he poʻe koa, i ka nui o ka 60 tausani kanaka.

Polish koa oiaʻano nui o na haku, a hiki i ka militia me kā lākou na poe uuku wale. Lithuanians kākoʻo i ka Czechs. Ko lakou luna ua Yan Zhizhka - i ka wā e hiki mai kaulana Hussite alihi kaua. Mākou e noho ana ma kaʻaoʻao o Vytautas a me kaʻaoʻao Lūkini, a me ka Haku o Novgorod Lengvenis. Ma ka oihana koa ahaolelo allies Ua hoʻoholo ihola e hele i ko lakou hookaawale aoao a hiki i ka Marienburg - ke kapikala o ke Teutonic Papa. ʻahahui koa ua kaha like kokekau i ka crusader koa (ma kahi o 60,000 kānaka kanaka).

kaua ana o Grunwald

Inā ka mua ke kahua o ke kaua i ka Kelemānia naita ma Poland, eʻauamo, a me ka Lithuanians lakou i hao i ka waiwai o ka Papa Naita. July 15, 1410 ua he kuleana kaua o ka War Great (e like me ka mea i kapaʻia i loko o ka Lituania moʻolelo). Ally koa i kauoha mai ai e Jagiello a me Vytautas. Grand Duke o Lithuania, kona kiʻi Hawaii photo mea i loko o nā puke haʻawina i medieval Europa mōʻaukala, ua mua he kaʻao i waena o kona wā. A pau i ka hoa kanaka, a hiki i kona poe enemi mahalo i ka tenacity a me perseverance o ke alii ma ka mea ana i loaʻa i kona pahu hopu. Ano ka mea, ua i koe aku, mai i hiki ke hoomaemae iho i ko lakou aupuni o ka pilikia poe ma ka Hui Crusaders.

Steel wahi wā kaua wahi Grunwald kulanakauhale. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia mua hiki iʻaneʻi. Ka mea, ua hooikaika mai ko lakou wahi, ka mea, eli iho camouflaged lua pahele, a kukulu no hoi iluna pū a me ka poʻe a kali no ka enemi. ʻauamo, a me ka Lithuanians mahope hiki, a i ko lakou wahi. Jagiello ua i wikiwiki e hoouka mua. Akā, ma ka meaʻano nui loa Vytautas manao, e hoouka aku i ka ke Kelemānia a me ka mea, mai ke Polish ke alii. He hoʻoneʻe i konaʻaoʻao i mua pono ma hope o ka Crusaders wehe ae la ke ahi ma luna o ia nei hoa paio, mai a pau o ko lākou mau bombards.

About ka hora naita ho'āʻo e kuikui aku me ka ho'āhewa wale 'o Lithuanians a Tatars (ma Vytautas ka hana ua i Crimean lio). Eia hoi, Ilamuku o ka Papa o Friedrich av Wallenrod kena i ka counterattack. Lithuanians hoomaka ae la e kai. Ua Ua manaʻo kaʻoihana kaʻa, ke initiator o i ua Vytautas - Grand Duke o Lithuania. Ka Make o Kelemānia poʻe hao wale ana i ike hoopuniia e na Crusaders lilo lākou kāna mau hoʻolālā kahua. Na mea a pau i hiki mai ai e like me na hapai ae a me ka luna. Mua, ka Naita hoʻoholo i Lithuanians e auhee ana ma ka panic, a holo kiki lakou ma ka piha wikiwiki, oiai ke kahe ana i ka mea kaua. Once hapa o ka German koa i ka poe kaua o Vytautas, ke alii kauoha e pani poʻe kaua, a, e hoopuni i ka enemi. Kēia nuʻukia Ua ua waiho ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o Novgorod luna Lengvenis. He Makuakane a me kona hana.

Ia manawa, kaua makau ole loa o ka Teutonic poe koa a me kaʻauamo. Ua mea i lanakila mea i loko o ka lima o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Jagiello koa i nalowale Kakow hae, nae, ka mea i koke hoi hou i kona noho. I ka hope o ke kaua manao ma ka komo i loko o ke kaua o ka hou me ke koe i e kali ana ma na eheu o ka hope. Auamo hana ia ka pono Crusaders. Eia hou, i ka lio Vytautas koke ku na kēia kanaka Kelemānia mai o kona pūhaka i kena ae i ka ona e loa koa kauoha. Ka Haku Jungingen Ua make ma luna o ke kahua kaua.

Ka Allies lanakila, a ua hoʻoholo ma mua keia pomaikai i ka hope o ke kaua. Kēia i ukali ia e ka pomaikai ole oe ka hoʻopuniʻana o Marienburg. ʻOiai ka mea, i ia e weheʻia,ʻo kēia kanaka Kelemānia hooholo, e haawi aku i pio aina a mua, a no ka uku i ka nui indemnity. Lanakila 'o ia i ka War Nui ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Hoʻohakuʻoihana i loko o ka'āina, i ka hui ana o Poland a me Lithuania, a me ka napoo ana o ka Hui kauoha ma ka Baltic States. Ke kanalua meʻe hoʻi Vytautas. Grand Duke o Lithuania loaʻa hou Samogitia, e like me ia i makemake ia ma luna o ka Ewa o ke kaua.

Aina e me Moscow

Ma Vytautas i ka wale kaikamahine Sophia. He mare ia Aliʻi o Moscow Vasily I - ke keiki Dmitriya Donskogo. Lituania lula ho'āʻo e mālama i ka pili aloha me kāna keiki i loko o kānāwai, naʻe ka mea, ua hampered ma kona makemake, e hoʻomau kona anoe ma ka hikina ma ka lilo ana o na aina Lūkini. Mau States Ua kū'ē kālai'āina-oaio? A, kela mea keia mea o ka a ke hoohui i ka aina East Slavic. Vytautas i bapetizoia ma ka Orthodox oihana, naʻe, ma hope huli i ka Catholicism.

ʻO e hina ai hoi no ka Moscow-Lituania ana lilo Smolensk. Grand Duke o Lithuania, Vytautas Russian, ho'āʻo mau manawa e paʻa ia. He pū 'Imi ālai ia i loko o ka na kālai'āina o ka Pskov a me Novgorod Repubalika. Ka mea, hoouna aku Vytautas o ka poe kaua, e like me ka ua i ka pela me ka kaua o Grunwald. Ma muli o ka Russian Grand Duke aina hoomaka ma kela aoao o kona mana i na kapa o ka Oka, a me ka Moscow Māhele 'Mozhaisk.

Moopuna o ka Lituania Grand Duke Vytautas i ke keiki a Basil I Vasiliy Temny II. Kona pii ana i ka noho aliʻi, e like me he keiki i ka 1425. Kona makua kāne, ua ike ia Moscow iʻuʻuku mana, e ka poʻe kaua i ka Lithuanians a me ka Tatars. No laila,ʻo ia ikaika conceded makua-ma ka palena hoopaapaa, ae ho'āʻo ana kaua. Basil I, e make, noi e pale aku i ka hou Duke Vytautas, mai na encroachments o ka mana. Moopuna o ka Lituania Grand Duke Vytautas ua Basil II. He kēia pilina i ole ae claimants i ka noho aliʻi e hoʻoponopono ai i ka coup.

nā makahiki

Ma ka pau ana o ke ola o Grand Duke o Lithuania Vytautas i na kahiko mō'ī maʻEulopa. I ka 1430, oia he 80 makahiki. Ma ka Ewa o ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke alii i haawi aku i ka Ahaolelo ma Lutsk, i kono Jagiello, Sigizmunda Lyuksemburga (koke e lilo ia Auguseto o ka Uhane Roman aupuni a pau), ka papal legate, a me ka lehulehu Lūkini aliʻi. Kekahi mea i kēia hanana i akoakoa mai ai na mea he nui loa aku kou mana na'lii, wahi a manawa i Vytautas i kekahi o ka mea nui kālai'āina na kii o kona manawa.

Ma ka Lutsk Ahaolelo Lahui ana no i ka ka manaʻolana 'ia o ka poni ana o ke kanaka elemakule. Ināʻo ia i ka inoa, like i ka mea i ma Jagiello, i Lithuania makemake e ho'ōla lilo kūʻokoʻa, a loaa ka palekana i loko o ke Komohana. Auamo, nae, ku i ka poni. Ua i loaʻa. Vytautas make koke ma hope o ka Ahaolelo Lahui ma Troki, October 27, 1430. o kona wahi o ke kanu nō IKE OLE IA. Vytautas i ka Grand Duke o Lithuania no 38 makahiki. Ka mea, ua i ka wā o kona noho aliʻi i ka heyday o ia State. Ma hope o nā luna a hina iho la i loko o ka hope loa kaukaʻi o Poland. Ka hui ana o na aupuni elua i kapaia ka mokuaina.