Hana "Bagration". Belarus hookuu kuka (makahiki 1944)

Ma ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1944, hoomaka ae la ka Soviet kaua no ka liberation hope loa o Belarus mai na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE maʻiʻo o "Bagration" hana papahana Ua hoʻonohonoho kūpono 'ana ma kekahi mau fronts, i ua pōhaku e hoʻohiolo ia Wehrmacht koa ma waho o ka'āina. Ka pomaikai nui ae ka USSR, e hoʻomaka i ka liberation o Poland, a East Prussia.

ma ka Eve

Kākou mau Plan "Bagration" Ua hoʻololi i e like me ke kulana maʻamau i ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki 1944 ma Belarus. Ka Red Army i hookuuia hapa o Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev a me Polesie wahi o ka aina. Naʻe, i ka bulk o kona ?? eoi? I no ku e Kelemānia naehana. Ma ka mua, i hana i ka wānana i i kapaʻia ai ka Wehrmacht "Hawaiian lānai". Ma ka ke keʻena luna o ka Apana Reich i na mea a pau e hiki like loa me hiki ke mālama i kēia nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI wahi.

E hoomalu aku i ka hou pukapuka palena a puni 250 kilomika ma ka lōʻihi i hanaia. Ka mea, ua i ka 'auwaha, laumeki uea a me minefields. Ma kekahi mau māhele kokeʻeli Anati-pahu auwai. German kauoha ua hiki i ke ahiahi, hoʻonui kona contingent iho i loko o Belarus, hoʻowahāwahā i ka wī o ko kanaka waiwai. E like me ke Soviet manaoʻikepili i loko o ka'āina, ka mea, ua uuku oi ma mua o ka miliona koa o ka Wehrmacht. He aha kēia ke ku e "hana Bagration"? Ke kuka Ua nānā 'ana i ke kaua, oi ma mua o ka hapa miliona koa.

apono ana o ka manao

E hoomakaukau ai no ka hana, e hoʻolilo i ka'ōlelo kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma Belarus ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma luna o Stalin mau kauoha ma April makahiki 1944. I ka Ia manawa ka General Staff hoomaka ae la e kālele ana ma luna o ka pauku pili o ka mua a me ka poʻe kaua materiel. Ka palapala kuka "Bagration" Ua manaoia e General Alekseem Antonovym. I ka hopena o May, ua hoʻomākaukauʻo ia i ka hei ana hana.

I ka Ia manawa ma Moscow i ua kena ae la e ka kī luna ma luna o ka Western Front. Ka mea, ua Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Chernyakhovsky a me Ivan Bagramyan. Ka mea, hōʻike ma luna o ke kahua i loko o kā lākou nāʻoihana o ke alo. Ke kūkākūkā i hele pū i ka Georgy Zhukov a me Alexander Vasilevsky ( 'elele, e olelo oe, e kauoha aku). Plan ka moʻolelo a me ka maemae. Ma hope iho o ia, ma May 30 ka mea i apono ia e ka Aha luna koa.

"Bagration" (ka manao ia ai ka inoa i loko o ka hanohano o General o ka Patriotic Kaua o 1812 makahiki) ma muli o ka hapai ana kēia. kaʻenemi ka pale aku ia lakou i ke e ka poʻe wāwahiʻia i loko o eono nāʻoihana o ke alo. Ma hope o ia mea, i? Aaony encirclement o Kelemānia koa ma nā pūhaka (kokoke Bobruisk a me Vitebsk), i ke kūpono 'ana ma o ka olelo o Brest, Minsk a me Eaoiana. Ma hope o piha make o Army 1st Belorussian Front au i, e hele ma Warsaw, 1st Baltic - e Konigsberg a me 3rd Belarus - i Allenstein.

guerrilla hana

I ka pomaikai o ka hana i hoakakaia e "Bagration"? Ua manao i ka nānā 'ole wale ma luna o ka hana ana o ka, e olelo oe koa kauoha, akā, no hoi ma konaʻeleu alu like' ana me nā guerrillas. E hiki ai kamaʻilio ma waena o lākou i hana i na mea hana koa. June 8 partisans ke hoʻohana i loko o ka lola honua, i kauohaʻia, e hoomakaukau ai no ka make ana o aeaciui ai, hoʻonohoʻia i loko o ka E kuai oukou ?? eoi?.

Ma ka po o Iune 20 ka mea i puhi i oi ma mua o 40,000 meheu. Eia hou, na guerrillas derailed Loko o ka Wehrmacht. Group "Center" hele mai ma lalo o kekahi wahi kaua ma Soviet koa, he ole hiki ke huki mai ia i ka mua laina me ke koe no, e lōlō o ko lākou mau palapala.

Vitebsk-Orsha Kūpono '

"Bagration" ana ma June 22, hoomaka ae la ka hana pae. Ua komo i kēia lā mea ole coincidence. General kūpono 'Ua laila, koke ia ma ke kolu o ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka Kelemānia hoouka ma ka Soviet Union. 1st Baltic Front, a 3rd Belarus i hoʻohana no Vitebsk-Orshanskaya hana. Ma ka papa o ka mea, ua, e lawe mai ia i ka pale ma ka akau'ēheu pūʻulu "Center". Ka Red Army hookuuia kekahi mau 'āina' ioauoa o Vitebsk māhele, a me ka Orsha. Ua emi na wahi a Ka kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

June 27 Vitebsk i hooakea ai i ka enemi. Ma ka Ewa o ka German pae, a hoʻohana i loko o ka wahi o ke kulanakauhale, ia i ua malalo i ka lehulehu kaumaha mea kaua a me ka ea e pepehi iho at. A nui loa o ka poʻe hao wale Kelemānia i hoopuniia. Hoao mai ana e kekahi papa, mai hemo mai mai la i mea ole.

June 28, i hookuu Lepel. E like me ka hopena, ua hiki i ka aneane loa e luku aku i ka 53rd Army mau pūʻali enemi Vitebsk-Orsha Kūpono no ka Red Army. Ka Wehrmacht i nalowale 40.000 pepehi a me ka 17.000 pio.

ka liberation o Mogilev

Aponoia ma ka General ke keʻena luna Koa Plan "Bagration" ua ia Mogilev hana makemake e he kuleana lāʻau a hiki i ka Wehrmacht. Ma keia wahi, ke Kelemānia koa ua iki emi ma mua i loko o nā nāʻoihana o ke alo. Aka hoi, ua nui loa nui ka Soviet kūpono '' aneʻi, no ka mea, o kaʻenemiʻokiʻia e pakele ai? Ooia.

Ka Mogilev kuhikuhi ana o ka Kelemānia poʻe hao wale, ua maikaʻi-makaukau pale aku ia lakou. Nā mea liʻiliʻi, kulanakauhale, Ua kokoke i ka papa kuhikuhiE alanui, Ua huli i loko o ka pā kaua. Ua uhi Hawaiian hoʻokokoke mai i Mogilev ma kekahi mau kūlana pale apo hookahi. Hitler i loko o kona lehulehu olelo, i mai la ia e paa ana i ke kulanakauhale pono i nā koina. E waiho ia e aeia ai me ka 'ae' ana pilikino o ka Fuehrer wale.

June 23 ma hope o mea kaua e pepehi iho at koa o ka 2nd Byelorussian Front hoomaka ae la e puʻe i ka muliwai Prony. Ma kona kapa i paʻa ma ka ke Kelemānia a kukulu iho la i kekahi kūlana pale laina. Ma ka muliwai i kau ōlaʻi i o na alahaka. Ka enemi Ua kokoke ole ia'ku, no ka mea, ka mea i maʻi lōlō ma ka mea kaua. Koke ia i boosted keena Dnieper'āina i loko o Mogilev māhele 'āina. Ua pio ke kūlanakauhale ma June 28, ma hope o ke ola hoouka. Nui i ka hana i lawe pio hou ma mua o 30 tausani Kelemānia koa. Wehrmacht koa initially aku la lakou i loko o ka i hoʻonohonoho 'ia, akā, ma hope o ka lawe Mogilev i kēia lakou hee hope ana, huli i loko o ka stampede.

Bobruisk hana

Bobruiskaya ana i mālama 'ia ma ka hema o ka ao ao. Ua Ua manao e alakai ai i ka encirclement o ka Kelemānia naehana, no ka mea, i ka uku i hoʻomākaukau i kekahi nui-me ka unahiʻole ieoaeunoai. Plan o ka hana "Bagration" ua i keia hana i ka hana 1st Belorussian Front, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Rokossovsky.

Near Bobruisk kūpono 'hoomaka ma June 24, i ka mea he uuku hope ma mua i loko o nā nāʻoihana o ke alo. Ma kēia māhele 'āina, ua nui Swamp. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia mai nui i ka Army Red e lanakila i kēia piholo maila. Eia naʻe, he pilikiaʻoihana kaʻa i nae i ekemu ae. E like me ka hopena, i ka 65-la poe koa i ka poe ola, a me ka nani loa e hoʻokani i ka auwe i ua ole kali no ka enemi. June 27, Soviet poʻe hao wale i ka hooponopono ana o na alanui ma Bobruisk. Makani ino mai ai i ke kulanakauhale. Bobruisk i hooakea ai i ka Wehrmacht ma ke ahiahi o ka 29. I ana i luku ai i ka 35th Army a me 41 Panzer hale noho. Ma hope o ka pomaikai o ka Soviet kaua ma luna o nā pūhaka no ka mea, ua wehe i ke ala e hiki ai i Minsk.

Polotsk puupuu

Ma hope o ka pomaikai o Vitebsk 1st Baltic Front ma lalo o ka noho luna ana o Ivan Bagramyan hele aku la i ka mea e hiki mai ana ke kahua o ke kūpono 'ma Kelemānia kulana. Ano, ke Soviet Army ua e hookuuia Polotsk. A hoʻoholo mākou ma ke keʻena luna, coordinating i ka hana "Bagration". e hoʻopio i ke kumumanao i ia e hana e like me ka 'āwīwī i hiki, no ka mea, i loko o kēia wahi, ua he ikaika pūʻulu o kaua "North".

Blow i Polotsk i hana June 29 Soviet koa kekahi mau kaʻakālai me ka ho okumu. Red Army kōkua i nā guerrillas, nana koke hooukaia mai i ka hope o ka poe uuku a hoʻolei aku Kelemānia hao wale. Hahau ana ma na aoao elua e hana nui ka haunaele a me ka chaos i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka enemi. Poe koa Polotsk Hoʻoholo ihola e emi hope ma mua o ka paʻa ipu.

July 4th Soviet koa hookuuia Polotsk, a ua strategically nui no hoi, no ka mea, o ke alahao huina. Kēia make alakaʻi i ka Wehrmacht hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka. He nalowale i kona kulana luna o Army Group "North" George Lindemann. Kelemānia alakaʻi, nae, mea e ae e hana i hiki ole i laila. Mua, ma June 28 na ia mea i hiki mai ai Field Ilamuku Ernst Bush i kauoha mai ai Army Group "Center" me.

ka liberation o Minsk

Nā successes o ka Soviet Army ke keʻena luna koke ae, e waiho hou "Bagration" hana hana. Free Belarus kuka i ka hanaia'na o ka ieoaeunoai kokoke Minsk. Ua Ua hana ma hope o ka ke Kelemānia a lilo hooponopono o Bobruisk a me Vitebsk. 4th German kaua ua a hiki i ka hikina o Minsk, a ua kipakuʻiaʻo ia mai ke koena o ko ke ao nei i loko o ka wahi mua, heluia; e lulumi i ka Soviet poʻe hao wale, mai ke kūkulu'ākau, a me ke kūkulu hema, a me ka lua, kūlohelohe nā pilikia ma ke ano o ka muliwai. West o ka muliwai kahe. Berezina.

A lohe o General Kurt av Tippelskirch kena i kekahi o kāna mau hoʻolālā lakou hee hope ana, me kona poe koa ia e neʻe ma ka muliwai ma ka hookahi alahaka, a me ka lepo alanui. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me kā lākou mau allies pepehi i nā guerrillas. Eia hou, i ka i kela kapa āpana ka pūniu Bombers. Ka Red Army ma ka Berezina River ma 30 Iune. Minsk Ua hookuu July 3, makahiki 1944. Ma ke kapikala o BelarusʻIkea puni e 105 tausani koa o ka Wehrmacht. Pepehi oi ma mua o 70, a me kekahi 35 Ua lawe pio.

March i ka Baltic States

Ia manawa, hele aku la na koa o ka 1st Baltic Front ma ke kūpono 'ana ma ka akau-komohana. Koa ma lalo o ke kauoha o Baghramyan i e hemo mai ma i ka Baltic Sea, a oki ae la i Army Group "North" mai ka 'ē aʻe huahelu o ka Kelemānia na puali koa. Plan "Bagration", ma ka pōkole, ka mea, ua manaoia i ka pomaikai o ka hana i ka nui mahuahua i loko o kēia Hoʻohana o ke alo. No ia mea, 1st Baltic alo hoololiia 39th a me ka 51th Army.

A hiki aku i ka hope loa i ke koe nō ka nui kou kulana, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e hoʻokele e huki i Daugavpils nui ikaika. Ano, i ua ole ai ka Soviet poe koa e like me ka haʻi laulā pono, nā ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua o ka hana "Bagration". Ka manao no ka blitzkrieg ma ia manawa ua ua aneane loa. Koa i koe aku i ka hope spurt i hope hookuuia Soviet ?? eoi? Mai komohewa. Daugavpils a Siauliai i kuu mamua o ka kūloko slippage i loko o ke kaua, ma 27 Iulai. 30 o ka helu o ke koa e oki i ka hope alahao laina i alakai mai ke Baltic a hiki i East Prussia. I kekahi lā, i kaʻenemi i kipaku Jelgava, hiki i ka Soviet kaua ua lilo i hele mai i ke kahakai.

Vilnius hana

Once ka Chernyakhovsky hookuuia Minsk, a luku aku la i ka 4th koa Wehrmacht, General ke keʻena luna hoouna aku la ia ia i ka hou kauoha. Ano, na koa o ka 3rd Belorussian Front, ua noa Vilnius, a kela aoao o ka muliwai Neman. E hooko i ka mea i lilo ai ma luna o July 5, oa i ka lā ma hope o ka kaua ma Minsk.

I Vilnius i paʻa i ka pā kaua, he 15,000 koa. Hitler, ma ka mea e malama i ke kapikala o Lithuania hoomaka ae la e akoakoa ai i ka mau propaganda Pńk'pika, e kahea ana i ke kulanakauhale "hope pā". Ia manawa, i ka 5th Army ano, i ka lā mua o ke kūpono 'lua no 20 kilomika. Ke German pale ua lax, a wehe no i ka mea i pau ke hoʻohana ana ma ka mahele Baltic iʻino haehae i loko o ka mua kaua. Eia naʻe, ma o Iulai 5, ka Nazis nō hoao e counterattack. Ua ho'āʻo mai la i mea ole. Ke Soviet pūʻali ua manawa ma ke ala e hiki ai i ke kulanakauhale.

9 helu, ua lawe pio i ka strategically nui nui - ke koa, a me ka international airport. Infantry a me ka pahu luina ee i kuleana hana ino mai. Ke kapikala o Lithuania Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ma luna o Iulai 13. Ua mea noteworthy i na koa o ka 3rd Belorussian Front kōkua mai i ka Polish koa o ka Home Army. Koke ma mua o ka hāʻule o ke kulanakauhale, ua hoala hou mai ia i ke kipi.

Ka pau 'ana o ka hana

Ma ke kahua hope o ka hana i ka Soviet Army pau i ka liberation o Western Belarus māhele 'āina, ua waiho kokoke i ka palena me Poland. July 27 Ua kipaku Bialystok. Ke'ī mai, na koa hope i ka mālama '-kaua moku'āina mokuna. August 14, Osovets Army hookuuia, a noho i ka bridgehead ma luna o ka muliwai Narew.

26 July Soviet koa e noho ana ma luna o nā outskirts o Brest. Mau lā ma hope, i haalele ai ia i ke kūlanakauhale o ka Kelemānia occupiers. Ma Augate i kūpono 'ma ka hikina Poland. Ke Kelemānia a hookahuli ae la i aku la ia ia ma kahi o Warsaw. August 29 Ua paʻiʻia ke kauoha o ka Aha, e kauoha aku, e like me ka mea i ka Army Red, e hele ma ke kūlana pale. Ke kūpono 'Ua kaulia ana. I ka hana i pau ai.

Once ka manao ua ua hooko aku la i "Bagration", ka Apana World War neʻe i loko o kona hope ke kahua. Ka Soviet Army loa hookuuia Belarus a ua e hiki e hoʻomaka i ka hou kūpono 'i hoʻonohonoho' ia ma Poland. Germany ua kokoke i ka hope pio. No laila, i loko o Belarus i pau ai ka War Nui. Plan "Bagration" Ua lawe mai i loko o ka shortest hiki manawa. Belarus ua i nā hele mai ia ia iho, hoi i sīwila ola. Ke aupuni i ae mai Kelemānia hana, paha hou ma mua o kekahi 'ē hui republics.