I ka moolelo o ka buke, i nāʻanuʻu mua i loko o ka paʻi palapala

Kekahi o ka loa nui hana o ke kanaka, hiki oe e hoola, a hoʻonui i kona akamai, ua ka puke. Ua lilo i ka papa kuhikuhiE lei o ke kākau 'ana, ke kikowaena a me ka hōʻailona o ka ike. Akā, pehea la i ka buke? He aha ka i ka mōʻaukala o ka buke? Pehea i mea loli ma ke Ka Wā Kaukani i hala iho nei?

iniiaiie kahi

I ka moolelo o ka muli a me ka hoʻomohala o ke kākau 'ana ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka mōʻaukala o ka helehelena o ka puke. Initially, moʻolelo a me nā pōhaku i pena i ka papa kuhikuhiE iaoia o EYI. Akā, ma manawa, o kaʻokoʻa kanaka o ke ao nei i ka hoʻomaka 'ana e reinvent kona nenoaiu o na hoailona, e hoʻokohu' ia hua'ōlelo. Mai keia wahi, he mea i ka mōʻaukala o ke kākau 'ana.

Once kanaka wehe aʻe ia i ke kākau 'ana, hoomaka koke ka mea, e hoʻohana kākau i kekahi improvised mea. Ma ka papa he i ka pohaku a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, wauke, he palolo kekahi papa, a oi. A nui ka anu u aku i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o papyrus ma na ko Aigupita. Ma mua o ka Hekikai o parchment pepa a me keia mea uaʻano nui hoʻohana no ka hoʻopaʻa.

ka prototype o ka puke

I mau, tuko i ka papyrus pepa la hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia me keʻano o nā puke. Ke Phoenician kulanakauhale o Byblos, i papyrus mea hoʻolilo oaio i loko o ka Hellenic auamo, i ka inoa Helene o ka puke - Byblos. Ia mea, mai kēia'ōlelo mai iā mākou a pau i ka ninau manaʻo o ka waihona.

Ma Helene, a ma hope Roma, ua lilo ka hale waihona puke i integral hapa o ke ola a me ka noho. Makaukau kākau moʻolelo i kākau, a paʻiʻia he nui buke he ākeaʻano o nā kumuhana apau loa. I ia mau lā nana aku la e like pepa la wahi iho la ia ma ka kūikawā laau, a iʻia naʻe welau o ka puke.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na o ka puke mua o keia waihona ua i ikeia no kekahi. Akā, ua ike i ka nui o ia mau buke, o ka honua kahiko.

hou ano

Ka hola i I ke kenekulia BC hōʻike mua i kākau lima, ma luna o nā kenekulia, e hoʻomaka e waiwai nui a me ka nui hiʻona. Ua pili kēia i ka pono a me ka practicality. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua i ka hiki e kākau ma na aoao a elua o ka pepa. I ka palapala, a me kona uuku nui, ua nui loa hōʻoluʻolu.

He ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ka hanohano i loko o ke Karistiano ao nei, o ka oi aku i ka hoʻomaka o ka hana pono o ke parchment, i displaces na papyrus.

Mōʻaukala o ka puke ma Europe i loko o ka Middle Ages, ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka clergy, e like me ka waiwai o ka loa hoʻomano heluhelu, a no ka hapanui loa e ho okumu ana i kekahi puke.

China invented pepa, i hope palahalaha ae ma Inia ma ke ¶ʻO'Araba honua, a mai laila aku a hiki iʻEulopa. No laila, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka puke radically hoʻololi i kou kiʻi, e hoʻomaka ana e hoohalike ai i ka ninau format.

Book i kahiko

Initially ma Rusia i kākau 'ia ma birch wauke, akā,' aneʻi e hele mai me ka manawa a me na ia a pau o Media, a me parchment pepa. Mōʻaukala o ka puke i loko o Rusia i kekahi mau nui kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Keʻano o ka birch-wauke, i hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono i ka loiloi mua ke kahua, inā i loko o ka IX kenekulia, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka nui hanana - ka hanaia'na o ka Cyrillic Hawaiʻi. Ma hope o kēia mua i kākau pukeʻia i loko o ka XI kenekulia.

E like me kekahi mau moʻolelo, ka mua puke i loko o Rusia hiki i ua kākau i loko o ka hala, a hiki paha i ka X kenekulia.

evolution

Over manawa, ma ka par me ka puke ia lŘlŘ a he okoaʻano o nā puke - pai. I ka moolelo o ka pai puke hoʻomaka i kahiko China. Aia, ka mua wahi ma luna o ka lole hana, mai ka VI kenekulia (e like me nā kumu - mai ka IX kenekulia), eia nae o ka hookahi-apana pai originated ma Kina ma ka III kenekulia. No ka laʻana, ma Aigupita ia mea likeʻikeʻia i loko o ka V kenekulia.

Over manawa,'āpana-pai ana a hoolaha aku i na ¶ʻO'Araba aina o ka hikina, a ma ka XIV kenekulia, hele mai la maʻEulopa. No laila, hoʻomaka e hoolaha haipule wahi, mōʻaukala mooolelo a me chronology, me ka olelo kupaa a ke aliʻi, a hiki pāʻani pepa.

I ka 1445 (lā He kokekau wale) Johannes Gutenberg hana pai, e hoolilo ana i ka Hopu koke i loko o ka helu ana i mau mea, HEN, mai Font mea i manao ai, a pau me ka paa o kona mīkini paʻi.

German puke pai, hoomaka ae la e hohola maʻEulopa. All puke, hana mua o ka hopena o ka 1500, loaa ka inoa o "incunabula", i unuhi 'ia' o ia hoʻi "cradle". Initially, paiia puke koe i ka helu o ka puke na hoailona, akā, ma manawa hou, a nui aku, mai o lakou.

Over ka kēia kenekulia o typographic machines hou nui, a me ka puke mea nui a oi lilo i 'ano like me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Revised edition. pepa i loaʻa ma ka pau 'ana o ke kenekulia XIX, ka hanaia'na o ka mahu pai lua kaomi waina, a ma hope o ka hoʻokomo' ia 'ana o linotype a me ka monotype pai lua kaomi waina' ae 'ia me ka nui loa hoonui i ka māmā a me ka leo o ka pai ana, e ka puke nui aku affordable.

Together me ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka censorship a me ka palena manawa kuhikuhi o kākau hana, o ka puke i loaʻa ai i ka lehulehu, a incredibly nui i kumu o ka ike, a me he hoaaloha oiaio o ke kanaka kēia.

I ko kakou manawa, i ka pai puke mau e noho ma kona kulana, eia nae o ka muli o ka e-puke haawiia i ka mea e hiki mai koe i loko o kona evolution. o ka moolelo o ka buke o ka Papa.