Vasily ka Dark 2: Ma ka noho alii ana, Kawaihae

Moscow Prince Vasily ka Dark 2 rula i kekahi manawa, i ka wa o kona na'lii a ke kiʻekiʻe o lilo i ka 'ōlelo o ka hoʻokahi Lūkini moku'āina. No ka wā o ka noho alii ana o Rurik kekahi manaʻo no ka kivila kaua nui ma waena ona a me kona poe hoahanau - contenders no ka mana i loko o ka Kremlin. Kēia feudal e kue ana i ka hope i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia.

ohana

Future Prince Vasili 2 Dark i ka lima o kāna keiki a Basil I a me Sophia Vitovtovna. Maternally keiki i ka 'elele o ka Lituania nohoaliʻiʻana. Ma ka Ewa o kona make ana, Basil hoouna aku au i kona makua kāne-ma Vytautas palapala i loko o ka mea ana i noi e hoʻopale ai i ke keiki a ke keiki.

Ke eha keiki mua a Grand Duke make i loko o kamaliʻi a me ka wa kamalii mai pinepine ka wā o ka maʻi, a uaʻikeʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo e like me ka "maʻi." Penei, ka hoʻoilina o Basil I noho 2 Basil Dark. Mai ka moku'āina o ka wahi o ka hoomaopopo, i ke alo o ka hookahi keiki kakou ua pono i ka hua hoʻohui, no ka mea, e leie aku ka luna, e puunaue i ka mana ma waena o kāna mau keiki lehulehu. No ka mea, o keia kekahi hana mau i make Kievan Rus a me na makahiki, waiho wale aku i ka aina Vladimir-Suzdal.

Ka pili aupuni kulana home 'ole

Moscow na'lii a uaʻale huli pono ke noho hookahi no ka haole olelo hooweliweli. I loko nō o ka mea i Basil II ka kupuna kāne Dmitry Donskoy luku aku i ka Tatar-Mongol koa ma Kulikovo Field i ka 1380, Rusia noho kalele iho ma luna o ke Gula iā Goga. Moscow i koe he kumu nui Slavic Orthodox kālai'āina waena. Kona poe alii a pau i ka mea e hiki ke ku mai i ka ali, ināʻaʻole ma luna o ke kahua kaua, a me ke kōkua o keʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai diplomacy.

Mai ke komohana, i ka hikina Slavic ko na'lii, hooweliweli Lithuania. A 1430 ka mea, Vytautas rula - kupunakane o Basil II. Over na makahiki, ua hiki ke paʻa i kona mau waiwai komohana Lūkini ka fragmentation o Rusia Lituania poe alii, na'lii a (Polotsk, Galich, Volyn, Kyiv). A lohe o Basil I lilo koʻu kuokoa Smolensk. Lithuania iho ua increasingly hoʻomōhala i ka Hui Poland i alakai aku ai i ka inevitable kue me ka Orthodox hapa nui a me Moscow. Basil II Ua pono, e ke koena i ka hoalauna pilikia a me ka malama i ka maluhia i loko o lākou iho moku'āina. Manawa ua hoike mai ia ia i pomaikai ae la lakou i mau loa.

Kue a me kona makua kāne

I ka 1425, Prince Vasili Dmitrievich make, e waiho ana i ka noho aliʻi a hiki i ka umi makahiki kahiko keiki. Lūkini aliʻi ike kona luna nui i loko o Rusia. Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i ke kaheaia kākoʻo mai o ke kulana o ka mea uuku Basil ua loa shaky. Ke wale nō kumu i aohe kanaka i aa e hoopa aku, o kona kupunakane - i ka mana mō'ī Lituania Vytautas. Akā,ʻo ua loa elemakule, a make iho la i ka 1430.

Kēia i ukali ia e ka pau lei o nā hanana i alakai aku ai i ke kumu nui kivila kaua. I ka papa kuhikuhiE culprit o ke kaua i ka Basil II Uncle Yuri Dmitrievich - ke keiki a ke kaʻao Dmitry Donskoy. Ma mua o kona make ana, i ka uwa maila o Mamaia ma na mooolelo i hoʻoili aku ai i kana keiki muli loa e noho ai. Hoʻomaopopo i ka pilikia o keia moolelo, i kaupalenaʻia ka mea i Yuri i uuku kulanakauhale Dmitry Donskoy: Zvenigorod, Galich a me Vyatka Ruza.

Children o ka mea i make ka luna noho me ka maluhia, a kōkua kekahi i kekahi. Naʻe, Yuri Ua ikeia no o kona makemake a me ke aloha o ka mana. Ma o kona makua kāne makemake, ka mea, he e loaa a pau o Muscovy i loko o ka hanana o premature make ana o kona kaikuaʻana Basil I. Akā, i ka i elima keiki, o ka muli loa o ka ia, a lilo i ka luna o ka Kremlin i ka 1425.

A pau i kēia manawa, Yuri Dmitrievich koe minimis Zvenigorod luna. Moscow luna hoʻokele e hookoe i ko lakou noho ana, a hoomahuahua ia aie i ka mea i ka mea o ka succession i legalized, e like me ka mea hele ma ka noho aliʻi mai ka makua kāne i ke keikikane, piliwaiwai kaikaina. Ma ka XV kenekulia, keia hana, kŘpa a hou. Prior i ka mea, i loko o Rusia, e like me ka mana o ka ili agnatic seniority, a me ka pono o ka seniority ( 'o ia hoʻi maila kahi makua kāne ma luna o nā moʻopuna kāne).

O ka holo ana, Yuri ua he kākoʻo iā ia, no ka mea kahiko? Eia, no ka mea, ae aku la ia ia, e lilo ia i kupono aliʻi ma Moscow. Eia hou, Ua kākoʻo ana i nā pono mahele i loko o ka makemake o kona makua kāne. Inā e wehe i ka hana personalities, a, ma ka Moscow na'lii a ma lalo o Basil IIʻalo mau nenoai o ka hoʻoilina, kekahi o i ka ukuia e kahili i ka mea 'ē aʻe. Yuri Ua wale e kali ana no ka manawa e hoʻike i ko lakou mau kuleana. Me ka make ana o Vytautas, manawa keia a hooku iho la ia ia.

Ka Aha ma ka iā Goga

Iloko o ka Mongol ali rula hoopukaia lepili e alii ai maluna o, a haawi aku i ka Rurikovich pono kūlana 'keia a ua noho aliʻi. E like me ka rula, keia moolelo 'aʻole i ālai ia' ana me ka mea maʻamau succession, ke ole ka mea noi ua i wahi kāʻeʻaʻeʻa nomads. Ua hoopaiia Indomitable Khan i ka olelo hooholo ma ka mea i ma luna o ko lākou'āina hoʻoili, e hoouka puni koko mau poʻe a pau.

Dmitry Donskoy mamo nō loaa lepili i kona aliʻiʻana, a me ka uku hoʻokupu, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i hoomaka i ka Mongols e hana eha iaʻi mai kona iho hakakā. I ka 1431, i ka ulu 2 Basil Dark hele aku la i ke Gula iā Goga, e kiʻi i ko lakou ae, e kau i luna o. Ka poʻe me ia i loko o ka hehi kipaku Yuri Dmitrievich. He makemake e hooiaio i ka Khan mea i oi ka pono a hiki i ka noho aliʻi ma mua o kāna keiki hanauna.

Na ka Haku o ke Gula iā Goga Ulugh Muhammad hoʻoholo i loko o ke aloha o Vasily. Yuri i ae mai i kona poho mua, akā,ʻaʻole e hele i ka concede. I olelo ia i ike i kana keiki i ka "nui kaikaina" a hoi aku la i kona poe kanaka hooilina nona, e kali i ka hou i ka wa pono e pepehi. Mākou moʻolelo he nui kona examples o perjury, a ma keia ano, Yuri Dmitrievich mea,ʻaʻole nui okoa mai ka nui mai o kona wā a me ka mua. I ka Ia manawa o kana olelo hoohiki, a Basil a wawahi. At Khan ka hale ma wahoʻo ia i'ōlelo ai i kona makua kāne, e haawi uku i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Dmitrov, akā, ua i hana pela.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka hakakā

I ka 1433, he umikumamawalu makahiki kahiko alii o Moscow i ka ahaaina mare hoʻokani. Basil II a me kana wahine ua Maria - ke kaikamahine o ka luna o ka mea i ho'ākāka 'Yaroslava Borovskogo (kekahi mai Moscowʻana). Nā hang lehulehu hoahanau i kono i ka luna, e like me na keiki Yuri Dmitrievich (oia i i hōʻike mai, akā, noho i loko o kona Galicia). Dmitriy Shemyaka a Vasily Diagon nō pāʻani, e ka nui kūlana i loko o ke kaua kūloko. Ia ka mea, ua i nā hoa o ka Luna Duke. Ma ka waena o nä Temepela ahaaina. Vitovtovna Mother Basil II Sofia i ike ai i Basil Koo kāʻei i supposedly i pau ai i Dmitry Donskoy, a uaʻaihueʻia i ke kaikamahine. Ua haehae aku i kekahi'āpana o ke kapa i ke keiki, a kena ae la i ka hoopaapaa nui ma waena o hoahanau. koke aku la poino keiki Yuri Dmitrievich, a hele akula i kona makua kāne ma ke alanui luku wale i loko o Yaroslavl. Ke Episode me ka aihueia kaei lilo i ka waiwai o nā loina a me ka hanohano kumuhana i loko o nā kaʻao.

Wahi lulu hakakā lilo pela ke kumu i Zvenigorod Aliʻi i huli, e hoʻomaka i ke kaua nui e kū'ē i kāna keiki hanauna. Ke aʻo 'ana e pili ana i ka mea i hanaia ma ka ahaaina, ho'ākoakoa aʻela ia i malama pono poe koa, a hele aku la i Moscow. Lūkini aliʻi hookahi manawa hou makaukau e ninini i ke koko o ko lakou poe kanaka no ka pono o ke kino pono.

I ka poe koa o ka Luna Nui Duke o Moscow, Ua haihaiia Yuri ma ke kahakai o ka Klyazma. Koke i koʻu makuakane a me ke poʻo. Basil loaa no ka uku ma Kolomna, ma, ma ka mea, i pau ai i loko o ke pio. Eia hoi, Yuri hoʻokō i kona moe e pili ana i kona makuakane i ka noho aliʻi. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka mea makemake,ʻo ia i kekahi mau ona hewa. New Prince hele aku e kue i ka Moscow boyars, nana ole i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ua nui loa. Kākoʻo no keia papa, a me ko lakou kala laila, ua nui nui aʻe o ka mana.

I ka wā o ka Moscow aristocracy ike ua hoomaka ae la kona hou na'lii e kaomi mai i ka poʻe kahiko, mai ka oihana a me ka puku ia me kā lākou mau moho ōlaʻi i o kī kākoʻo, holo aku la a hiki i Kolomna. Yuri ua kaʻawaleʻana, a ua kipakuʻiaʻo ia mai ke kapikala o ka poe koa. A laila, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka hele i ke ao nei a me kona mau keiki, aʻae e hoihoi aku ia ia i ka noho aliʻi ma hope o kekahi mau mahina o ka noho alii ana.

Akā, Basil uaʻaʻole mea akamai i kona makua kāne. Back i loko o ke kapikala, hoomaka ae la oia mälama repression e ku ei ua poe boyars i kākoʻo George i kona kuleana i ka mana. Mau hoa i ka ia kuhihewa, e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka kaumaha hana o kona mau hoa paio. A laila, Vasili kūkala i nā keiki kāne a Yuri kaua. Ua pepehi hou ka Luna Nui Duke kokoke Rostov. Kona makuakane hou lilo ke alii kiaaina ana o Moscow. Eia naʻe, i kekahi mau mahina ma hope o kekahi reshuffle Yuri make (June 5, 1434). I ke poʻo, ua paakiki na lono i aku la ia i kaʻapu kōheoheo e kekahi o kona mau courtiers. Ma lalo o ka makemake o George, Duke lilo kana makahiapo-kane, Basil Diagon.

Kēlā Basil ma Moscow

A pau ka manawa i ka papa o Yuri ma Moscow Vasily 2 ua ma luna o ka holo, hakakā unsuccessfully ku e kāna mau keiki kāne. A lohe o Diagon hai mai la i kona kaikaina Shemyaka i ka mea e alii ana ma Moscow, Dmitry i lohe ole ai mamua i kēia loli. He i ka maluhia me Basil, ma ka a, ina holomua, kaʻahahui loaa Shemyaka Uglich a me Rzhev. Ano, i nā aliʻiʻelua, ka poe i noho mua enemi, hui i ka poe koa e kipaku aku mai o ka makahiapo-kane, Moscow ka, Yuriya Zvenigorodskogo.

Holo akula kēlā Basil, aʻoʻana o ke kokoke loa i kahi o kaʻenemi poʻe hao wale i ke poʻo i loko o Novgorod, ma hope o ka lawe ana me ia i kona makuakane i ka waihona kala. He proknyazhil ma Moscow pono hoʻokahi kauwela mahina i ka 1434. I ka holo-pio, e lawe i ke dala, hoakoakoa ae la ka poe koa, a hele aku la me ia a hiki i kaʻaoʻao o Kostroma. Ma mua,ʻo ia ana ua hee o ia ma ka Kotorosl muliwai kokoke Yaroslavl, a laila, hou ma ke kaua o chereh River i loko o May 1436. Vasily Ua pioʻia kona namesake a barbarously hoomakapoia. He no ka mea, o kona eha, ia i inoa kapakapa Squint. Ka mua Prince make i loko o ka hale paʻahao i ka 1448.

War me Kazan Khanate

Ma kekahi manawa i loko o Rusia i ka maluhia. Grand Prince o Moskovskiy Vasily II i ho'āʻo i ka pale kaua a me kona mau hoalauna, akāʻo ia i i lanakila. I hou ka hookahe koko ana i ka Khanate o Kazan. Ma keia manawa, i ka hookahi Zolotaya Orda Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau aupuni kūʻokoʻa ulus. Ka nui a me ka loa ka mana o ka Kazan Khanate. Tatars pepehi Lūkini poʻe kālepa a me ka mau hoʻonohonoho huakaʻi a hiki i ka mokuna mau mea.

I ka 1445 ma waena o ka Slavic aliʻi a me Kazan Khan Mahmoud wehe ae hamama kaua. 7 July, kokoke Suzdal kaua i wahi, ma a ka Lūkini paukū waiho wale aku no i ka palaoa pio. Ke pio i lawe Michael Verey, a me kona hoahānau Vasily ka Dark 2. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o keia alii (1425-1462) ua piha o Episode ia ia i pau haalele i ka mana. Here a me ka manawa, i loko o ka Khan ka noho pio ana, ia ia ka hua oleloʻokiʻia aku ia mai hanana ma ka home.

mea pani Tatars

Ia Basil koe mea pani i ka Tatars, oia ua i ka luna o Moscow Dmitry Shemyaka - i ka lua o ke keiki a ka pō Yuriya Zvenigorodskogo. Iloko o keia manawa,ʻo ia loaa kākoʻo lehulehu i loko o ke kulanakauhale alii. Manawa Vasily e hoohuli i Kazan Khan wehe ae ia ia. Naʻe, ka mea, he e kakau i kekahi i kekahi-kapakahi aelike i loko i ka mea, he e uku i ka nunui indemnity a, a hiki ino, e haawi aku i kekahi o kona mau kūlanakauhale a hiki i ka Tatars ma ka ai ana.

Ua kena ae la i ka nalu o ka ukiuki i loko o Rusia. I loko nō o ka ohumu ana o na mea he nui kanaka i loko o ka'āina, aʻu i hoomaka ai i kona aliʻiʻana ma Moscow Vasily ka Dark 2 hou. Policy concessions iā Goga hiki ole aka, e alakai i ka disastrous hopena. Eia hou, i ka luna i hele mai i ka Kremlin alakaiia'ku e Khan ka poʻe hao wale, a i haawiia mai ia ia e ka Tatars, e • loaʻa hou i ka noho aliʻi no kaʻoiaʻiʻo.

Dmitry Shemyaka ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana i kona hoa paio hoi Uglich. Loa koke ia, hoomaka ae la e akoakoa ai i ka Moscow kākoʻo, a mawaena o lakou alii ahaolelo, a me ka poe kalepa, olioli ole i ka hana o Basil. Me kā lākou kōkua, Uglich luna i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka coup, ma hope i hoomaka hou ai i kona aliʻiʻana i loko o ka Kremlin.

Eia hou, oia hoʻolālā i ke kākoʻo mai o kekahi o na luna, ka mea i mua hookaaokoa lakou, mai ke kaua. Mawaena o lakou ua Mozhajskij aliʻi Ivan A. a me Boris Tverskoy. Kēia mau aliʻiʻelua kōkua Shemyaka wahaheeʻana A paʻahao Vasily ma ka kapu lohelohe makomako o ka Trinity-Seregio Lavra. February 16, 1446 Ua hoomakapo oia. I ka luku i hoaponoia mai kakou ma ka mea hele i Basil i ka hana me ka huwa iā Goga. Eia hou, alaila, ua kena koke ae e hūnā ai i ka enemi. Pela Shemyaka hoopai i ka hopena o kona kaikuaʻana Vasiliya Kosogo.

ma hope o hoopouli iho la i

Ma hope iho o kēia episode, i a hoʻokuewa wale 'o ka hope manawa 2 Basil Dark. I ka pōkole, i kona lono kaumaha hopena i hou i kona kākoʻo i waena o ka aristocracy ke kanalua. Hoomakapo oia i ka noonoo ana i ka hapanui o nā luna o ka Moscow State, a ua lilo ardent mau hoa paio Shemyaka. Au i ka lanakila o Vasily ka Dark 2. No ke aha la Dark loaʻa i kona inoa kapakapa, ua ike mai o nāʻoihana e wehewehe i kēia epithet ka makapō. I loko nō o ka poino, i ka luna koe hana. Kana keiki Ivan (hope Ivan Iii) lilo iho la i kona mau maka a me nā pepeiao, e kōkua ana ma nā mea a pau moku'āina noho ana.

By mea Shemyaka Vasily a me kana wahine i paʻa i loko o Uglich. Mariya Yaroslavna, e like kana kane, ua i nalowale naau. I ka i a hoʻokuewa wale 'ka luna, i lilo ai hoi kākoʻo hoʻomoe i kekahi kumumanao i ka paʻa o Moscow. Ma December 1446 Basil me ka poe koa i ke poʻo, ka mea hiki i kekahi manawa, i ka wa Dmitry Shemyaka i aku. Ano, i ka luna ma hope i kona make hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka Kremlin.

Ko kākou mōʻaukala ua ike i ka puu o ka hakakā. More ma mua,ʻaʻole loa e pau i loko o kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai, a me ka piha lanakila o kekahi o na aoao elua. Ma ka waena o ka XV kenekulia, ka mea hookahi hanaia. Shemyaka hoakoakoa ae la ka poe koa, a hoomakaukau iho la e hoʻomau i ke kaua me ka Luna Duke. A mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoi ana o Basil ma Moscow, January 27, 1450, ua he kaua o Galich, a kākau moʻolelo noonoo i ka hope internecine kaua i loko o Rusia. Shemyaka i ae unconditional pio a koke holo aku la a hiki i Novgorod. Kēia kūlanakauhale Ua pinepine lilo i awa no ka pio mai o ka Rurik aliʻi. Kupa i ole hoopuka Shemyaka, a make iho la ia o maoli kumu i ka 1453. Naʻe, ka mea i hiki ia ia i malūʻapu kōheoheo e Basil konohiki. Pela i pau ai ka hope kivila hakaka ma Rusia. Mai laila, i ole i na luna o ka mokuna i ka mea e, aole hoi me ka makemake e hoopai aku oe i kikowaena mana.

Ka maluhia me Poland a me Lithuania

I ka manawa'ōpio wale nō, Prince Vasily ka Dark 2 i ole oko kilo. He i i hookoe i poe kauwa nana ma ka hopena o ke kaua a me ka pinepine e KUMUMANAʻO NUI hewa, lilo i kumu hookahe koko ana. Hoopouli iho la i nui kona ano hoʻololi. He lilo haahaa, malie, a hiki paha naʻauao. Ua hope aponoia ma Moscow, Vasily i i ka mea e malu ai me kona mau hoalauna.

Ka nui weliweli o ke alii o Poland, a Grand Duke o Lithuania Casimir IV. I ka 1449 ma waena o ka poe alii, ka mea i i hookoia ka aelike i ka a lakou i ike i ka hoʻokumu palena, a olelo mai,ʻaʻole i na nā kānaka hoʻokūkū hoalauna ka hale kākoʻo. Kazimierz, like hoʻi me Basil, ke ehuehu o ka make māinoino o kivila kaua. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hoa paio ua Mihail Sigizmundovich, e hilinai ana ma ka Orthodox aoao o ka Lituania lehulehu.

Ka aelike me ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Novgorod

A laila papa Basil 2 Dark hana mau i loko o ka oia e like. Aie i ka mea i hālau a Shemyaka Novgorod, ka Lepupalika loaʻa ia iho ma ka hoʻokaʻawale, a, ma lalo o ka palapala, kākoʻoʻia e ke Polish ke alii. Me ka make ana o ke kipi ka luna i hiki ai ma Moscow elele e ana i ka oihana embargo a me nā Prince pāʻoihana, no ka mea, o ka a na makaainana ke ola i mea 'ē aʻe huikau.

Ka 1456 Kuikahi o yazhelbitsy i manao ai ma waena o ka aoao elua. He paʻa ai i ka oihana o ke kanaka pio e o ka Novgorod Repubalika mai Moscow. Ka palapala hou de na jure hookupaa iho la ia i ke alakai kulana o ka Luna Nui Duke i loko o Rusia. Ma hope, he aelike i hoʻohana 'ia e ke keiki a Ivan III ka Basil e hui i ka waiwai kulanakauhale, a me ka holoʻokoʻa'ākau kae o Moscow.

Hopena o ka Papa

Na makahiki hope o ke ola Vasiliy Temny paa i pili ka maluhia a me ka noho mālie. He make i ka 1462, mai tuberculosis a kūpono hana o keia laau hahau. He ua 47 makahiki, 37 o ka mea ana (me, mai hemo mai) ua i ka luna o Moscow.

Basil e hoʻokele e hoʻopau fiefdoms liʻiliʻi i loko o kona mana. He 'aloʻahia kaukaʻi ma Moscow i Lūkini aina' ē aʻe. I ka mea e paa ana ia i ka nui ecclesial hanana. Ma ke kauoha o ka Prince Bishop o Kauhalenui Jonah i koho ia. Kēia hanana i ka hoʻomaka o ka welau ke kaumaha ma muli o ka Moscow Church o Constantinople. I ka 1453, ua kailiia oia e ka o Tureke, ma hope a ka maoli konu o Orthodoxy hoʻoneʻe i Moscow ka Byzantine kulanakauhale alii.