Ke ana o ka Nazis i ka mana i loko o Italia: ke kumu a me ka hopena

Ma lalo o Fascism ma Italy , e maopopo i ka totalitarian kuwaho o ka moku'āina capitalism, Noho mai ka 1922 a hiki i 1943. Kona hoʻokuhikuhi a me ka luna ua Kuhina Nui Kuhina.

Fascism: Definition

Ke kau i ka papalua kumu. Me ka Italia fascio translates like "Oʻahu". Mai ka Lakina - "ulana lole". He hana like me ka hōʻailona o ka Roma hooponopono. Ka luna o Italian fascism - ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina - i fasciaʻano o kona aoao. Hoʻomaka kona hana, oia imi e hoihoi i ka Roma aupuni a pau. Ua aponoia ka fascia i ka 1919. Ua ua manaoio ia, mai ia manawa, i hanau fascism. Hoʻoholo 'ana o ka' epekema moʻokalaleo kahea aku ia i kekahi syncretic'ōnaehana kŘkohu. Ma ke kumu o kona 'ē aʻe kuhikuhi i hana hope.

kumu o ka neʻe 'ana

Fascism a Nazism e 'Imi māhele aku i loko o ka XX kenekulia. He nui nāʻano likeʻole i ole, he pono ole philosophical a me ka mau hiʻona. Ka mea, ua i ka ia, a me ka ideological, moʻomeheu a me ka tactical me nā loina. Ma ka loiloi mua kahua o ka fascism a me Nazism i kekahi hoike ana ana a puni ka honua. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o Hitler ka neʻeʻana i waho ma Germany. I ka Ia manawa i loko o Argentina i hana Peronism, ma Romania ua "Iron e kiai aku ia", i hānauʻia ma Spain falangizm ma Brazil - integralism, Japan - statism. Ma Hungary, i hana i ka "pua kea Party" a no laila, ma luna o.

nui ololi

Ma mua o ka Apana World fascists manaoio aku i ka mea, ma muli kā lākou mau hana ma luna, he pono ole philosophical kumu. Kēlā me kēia neʻeʻana i kona alakaʻi. One-aoao nenoaiu ua ea ae. A me ka manaʻo i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka lawelawe Darwinism, elitism. Eia naʻe, kēlā aupuni paio, e hoopili aku i ka fascism discrete e pili ana i kā lākou mau lāhui kanaka. No ka laʻana, ma Portugal, ua he clerical-hui kālepa moku'āina, i alakaiia e Salazar. Ma Spain, ia? Ac? Phalangist Union. Ma ka makahiki 1945 ko i kaʻawale loa o ka fascist aupuni mai ka Nazis. A ho'āʻo ka mea, e hoʻopau i ka equalization o ko lākou mau manaʻo no ka Hitler kŘkohu.

ʻimi naʻauao kumu

Ke ki manaʻo o ka'ōnaehana i ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i loko o ka "ao". Kona mea nāna i hana i Dzhovanni Dzhentile. He hana like i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke ao ana o actualistic idealism. Dzhovanni Dzhentile kukalaia ma o kona "ao" ao o ka hana i loko o ka kanaka aupuni. He ua kūkākūkāʻia i kanaka hiki ole ke ola me ke kaua. "Mau loa ka maluhia" Ua hooleia like i kekahi mea fantastic.

Elue no ka muli o

Ke kumu no ka hiki mai o ka Nazis i ka mana i loko o Italia e uhukiia ma ke kaiapili-yeiiiie? I loko o ia wā. Hanahana loa ka hopena o ke kaua no ka aina, he'āina io. Mālama '-? Ueony nohona, ka manaʻo politika a me ka? Aneiai pilikia ka mea,ʻaʻole wale i ua kane manaopaa, akā, ma ka mea ku ole, a hiki hou ano hoomainoino. I ka aina i olelo mua iaʻi, i loko o ka Balkans, ke aupuni i ole loaa. Nunui mea a kanaka i ka mōhai, he meaningless. A ma muli o ke kaua i ka make ana o ka oicyenoaaiiie kaiaulu. Na hiohiona emi i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, o ka mea ulu ma mawaho aie, i ke ala ma ka nele. Ke kahua o ka hana i deteriorated, a i alakai ai i ka hana keaka kēia i loko o ka aupuni a me ka hana 'ana, e like me ka ulia o 1919-1920.

Ka loa hanohano slogan i ka hea i waena o nā protesters: "No ka hana pela, nā loko o Rusia." Meaning i ka 1917 kipi. Ma Italia, koke hoomaka ae la e hohola i ka manaʻo o ka nationalization o hana, ke kukuluia'na o ka dictatorship o ka hana kanaka. Ma ka Akuma ka o 1920, hoomaka ae la ka hana, e hopu i ka hola i loko o ka akau o ka aina, i ka hana ana o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo i hoʻolaunaʻia ma ia. Ma ka hemaʻoi loa ka poe ilihune kauwa a me ka mahiʻai limahana. Ma keia kulana koke hooikaika i ke kulana o ka Socialist Party. Ua lilo ka nui pili aupuni ana i loko o ke aupuni. Akā, no ka mea, o ka mea indecision alakaʻi mahae mai ai i loko o ka aoao. I ka 1921, ka mea, ua haalele mai ka eheu hema. Ua hana ka Communist Party.

Ke ana o ka Nazis i ka mana i loko o Italia

Makahiki 1919 ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka ho omaka no ka hoʻomaka o ka hou neʻeʻana. Ma March ka mea i paʻa i ka constituent anaina kanaka o ka aoao "kaua maoli." Ua Ua kauohaia e Benito (Duce) Mussolini. He Ua kipaku ia mai ka Socialist neʻeʻana, a hui i ka disaffected koa, ka pilina, nā haumāna, 'elele o ka haʻahaʻa o bourgeoisie, na pihapiha me ka unclear kālai'āina wale. Ma kona noi, a ua mālamaʻia karaima hehee wale. mau kanaka a pau i hui ma ka inaina o ke socialism a me ka hana ana.

Mua, i ka helu o ka i komo ua liʻiliʻi. Akā, me nā luna o ka neʻeʻana, ua koho koke i ka naʻau i loko o nā nā paʻi hua. Ke ana o ka Nazis i ka mana i loko o Italia Ua i hiki no i ka hana pono o ka lawelawe demagogy, speculation ma hanohano slogans i ka manawa. nā alakaʻi Party i me ke kanaka ole mai nui na olelo hoopomaikai, imi e loaa i ka hilinai nui o keʻano papa a me ka papa. Ma o ka haule ana o ka 1919 i hoomaka ai e hele mai i mākaukau nā pūʻulu. Lākou mau lala ua hoʻomaka ka weliweli ma luna o kuai unionists a me socialists. Ma naʻe o ka demagogic na olelo hoopomaikai i ka poe i haawi Duce Mussolini, ka poeikohoia o ka nui bourgeoisie i ike ai i loko o ka neʻeʻana mana i hiki ke uhi i ka ha awina o ka hana, e hoomalu aku i ka waiwai, a no ka hookupaa aku i mea i loko o ka'āina, ka uku nānā i ka pono a me El. Ma November 1921, ka mea i hai mai i ke kahua o ka National Fascist Party i loko o ka Ahaolelo Lahui neʻeʻana. Ke kī wahi o ka polokalamu i helu paʻi i ka manaʻo o "ka nui o na kanaka."

Hiʻona Italian fascism oia i ka mea e ka e piʻi like ana o kēia mau pahu hopu, he e mālama i nā mea a pau Hoʻohana o ka heluna kanaka. E hana i kēia, ma ka huli, ka mea, ua pono, e hookupaa i ka malu ma waena o lākou. Ma pili ana me keia ka Communists a me ka Socialists, e kahea ana i ka paio ana o ka proletariat e kū'ē i ka bourgeoisie, ua hai mai lakou i poe enemi o ka lahui ke kuʻikahi. Ua hoʻomaka 'Imi kaʻoihana kālā' aoʻao. Ua kākoʻo i ka nui konohiki, moni a me industrialists. Lakou i manaoio aku i ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā Nazis i ka mana i loko o Italia, e hoomalu i ko lakou mau pono, e luku aku i ka hana ana, mana hana, e hoolohe mai no ia. Me ka apono ana o ka elele o ka waiwai alihi kaua ana o ka aoao i loko o keia i ultimatum i ke aupuni, a me ka mākaukau i ke kaua pūʻulu i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka moho o Roma. October 30, 1922 King e koho i Mussolini Kuhina Nui kuhina.

i ka neʻe

Ke ana o ka Nazis i ka mana i loko o Italia i haalele ai i ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka. I ka kuʻina kakahiaka nui o ka aoao o ka oihana i Ua loa lolelua. Eia naʻe, kokoke koke i kā lākou kōkua mai i ka monopolies Amelika. United States lokomaikaʻi mai e kakau aku i ka aie kaua o Italy ma 80,2%. Eia hou, no ka mea dala i koe, ua i ka mooolelo haʻahaʻa hoihoi uku - 0,4%. Koke ia hope mai, ka Morgan Bank i ka makahiki 1925 i haawi mai i ka hoaie o $ 100 mln., Ka mea i ukali ia e kekahi mau 'ē aʻe loan. Ua haawiia i ke kumu manao o ke Versailles-Washington'ōnaehana hana Anati-Soviet ana, i ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā Nazis i ka mana i loko o Italia 'ae' ia "hoola ia Europe mai Communism." Ia mea ke kumu ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina "pono kālā kōkua"? Aaeei.

ao iaia

Mussolini Ua noʻonoʻo i ka meʻe, he kinai i ka communism. USʻelele Childe (kekahi o na diplomats nui loa o Amerika), ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina i hoʻolauna i ke ao nei i nā kiʻi nui o ka manawa. Similar māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana i iho mai, mai ka waha a me kekahi koʻikoʻi politician o America - lawe kīʻaha. He manaoio aku i ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina nui statesman o XX kenekulia. Kakauolelo o State, a laila, he lâlâ o ka US na puali koa Charles Hughes, i ka ulia o 1929-1933. I mai la ia i ka'āina pono "i Mussolini" e hoʻoponopono i ke kanawai pili aupuni a me ka hoʻokele waiwai pilikia. I ka hoomaka ana o ka makahiki 1927, ma Roma, a kipa Churchill. He Ua holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ma ke kipa a me ka manawa Mussolini.

Pōkole Historical Ka Ike

Mussolini i hanau i ka 1883. He hele mai i ka hana o ka ohana mai. Kona uhane mentor ua Machiavelli. I ka maoli ola, Benito Mussolini koke lawa hui me ke kaiāulu i loko o ke kaua. I ka nui, e hoike ana, ua loaʻa kekahi uku 'oihana me he kumu ma ke kula haʻahaʻa i i manaoia, oiai, ua imi iho la e lilo Kaisara. I ka 20 makahiki, evading koa hana, holo aku la Mussolini i Kuikilana. oia Eia kūpono noʻonoʻo iho i ka Socialist, laila he anarchist, laila he atheist, a no laila, ma luna o. He noho loa poorly. He nui ka poe aihue. Alaila, hele aku la i ka halepaahao, i kipaku mai Kuikilana, ua neʻe akula ia Austria.

Pili aupuni ha awina Benito

I ka 1905, me ka mahuka e pili ana, hoi aku la oia i kona'āina. Ua hui ka Socialist Party, Mussolini koke i ka 'oihana. Palua ka mea, ua i loko o ka hale paʻahao (pōkole manawa). E like me na manawa he hoolei wahine me nā keiki. I ka 1914, Mussolini lilo luna hoʻoponopono o ka Socialist kino, a me ka a laila e hoʻolālā lākou mau nupepa, passionately kokua aku i ka manaʻo o ka Entente. Ma hope o ke kaua i loko o Italy ua hanau he ikaika mahalo hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana. Ma keia wahi, i ka wā e hiki mai Kuhina Nui lawelawe e kaumaha ana i kona lawelawe ana i na konohiki a me capitalists. Me kā lākou kālā kākoʻo oia hōʻiliʻili thugs a me hooligans ma pūʻulu - ka ai-kapaia fascist militia. Ma October 1922,ʻo ia kāna mau hoʻolālā i nā kaʻao "March ma Roma". Ke kapikala neʻe akula i ka nui o ka 8000 Blackshirts. Ke aupuni i loko o ka panic, a me Mussolini manaʻo hope i hoololiia, ma muli ma Milan. Rome Emo ole loaa i kekahi telegram i loko i ke aliʻi noi aku la ia ia, e lilo i Kuhina Nui lawelawe.

ka hopena

E like me kekahi hapa o ka Versailles-Washington'ōnaehana poe kupuna ia ia kūlana o nā'āina i i manao e pāʻani i ke kūlana o ka "lima" o kūwaho hoʻi naoh ku ei ka Soviet Union. Ua Ua kuhikuhi mālama 'ia ma luna o Kelemania, a me ka mana o kona mau aupuni, noonoo iho la lakou ia lakou iho i kekahi mau mea i nele i ka maluhiaʻaha kūkā. Mawaena o lakou ua Italy. Turbid nalu o ka hou neʻeʻana, a hoomaka iho la ma kona dvadtsytye makahiki ho i na imperialists ole wale ike loea kumu hoʻomalu i poe mana e hana e like me ka vanguard o ka Anati-Soviet kokoke loa i kahi. Mau Hawaii, he mau e lilo Artists oiaio o ko ke ao nei capitalist makemake.

Kela manawa, i ka 1920 maopopo IeXAaAeAaIEN i ke kulekele o ke "aupuni"'āina. A pau kā lākou hana i nona e pili ana no ka hoouka i ka ai-kapaia Artists o ka USSR. I ka hana ana pela, i ka capitalist mana a pau e noho ma luna o ka sidelines, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ke kuʻina ka loiloi mua o ke kaua. Ua pono e olelo mai ia Italy i ole hoʻokani mua violin i loko o ka Hawaiian Orchestra maʻEulopa. Ka moku'āina i ole oko ka nui hanalima Loaʻaʻia, ua kekahi kaʻao ka Leeuwerikplein wahi. A pau i kēia me ka nui loa kaupalena i ka oihana koa uea 'o ka fascism ma Italy.