Prince Dmitry Shemyaka: Kawaihae. Wahi lulu, a me na haole Politika Dmitriya Shemyaki

Ma Lūkini mōʻaukala, kēia mamo o ka Moscow nui makualii i ke kaulana o ke kanaka o ke unbridled ikehu:ʻo ia ua he cynic ka mea i pau i kekahi mea i mea e kū ai i ka pahu hopu. ʻO wai ka ia? Moopuna o Dmitry Donskoy - Prince Dmitry Shemyaka. He ua hoomanao ole hana o nā mea kaua, a me ka holomua na hihia i loko o ka hooponopono ana o ka kūʻokoʻa na'lii, a me ka mea alakai i ke kaua pau ole i ka noho aliʻi. Dmitry Shemyaka makemake, e alii ai maluna o ka mea a pau Lūkini aupuni, aole i mua o kona kanaka māhele. Ma keia hihia, e like me ka ua ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i loko o ka Media, i aku la ia ia, e lawe i ka noho aliʻi, i ka luna uaʻaʻole maopopo picky. Ke paradox waiho i loko o ka mea ana oia no e hoʻokele i ka hoʻokō i kona pahu hopu, a lilo i ka poo o ka Moscow na'lii. Pehea, laila, Dmitri Shemyaka ke lawe i ka noho aliʻi i loko o ka Lūkini kulanakauhale alii? E hoomanao i keia ninau i hou au mamuli.

Kūʻiʻo mai ke Kawaihae

Dmitry Shemyaka (makahiki o ke ola: 1420-1453) i ke keiki a ka Luna Nui Aliʻi o Moscow Yuri Dmitrievich.

Kela manawa, i ka manawa'ōpio wale nō, Prince i ka manao, e kau ma luna o ka "chap Monomakh", hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i kona makua kāne i loko o maikai ola. Young Dmitriy Yurevich Shemyaka, a iloko ona i kakauia he manawa pōkole Kawaihae o aneane kekahi puke haʻawina ma luna o ka mōʻaukala, hoomaka ae la e komo i loko o dynastic unamunamu e ku e ia Basil II (Dark), a me ke kākoʻo o kona kaikuaʻana Vasiliya Kosogo. Ke kamāliʻi kāne'ōpiopio i hoomakaukau piha kākoʻo i kona makua kāne Yuriyu Dmitrievichu, ka wā e hele mai ai i kuleana i ka noho aliʻi. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka paio no ka pono, e kahu ai i ka moku'āina ma waena o ka luna contenders ua 'paʻakikī': ka mea noho ma ka noho aliʻi alternately.

O kona makua kāne make

A hiki i ka Luna Nui Prince Yuri Dmitrievich make (ka mea i hiki mai ai i ka 1434), e noho ma luna o ka noho aliʻi ma kana makahiapo-kane, - Vasily Diagon. Dmitry Shemyaka i keia lono me ka undisguised ukiuki; ia ia i hoomaona mai la oia i keia wahi o ka mea. Together me kona kaikaina Dmitry Krasnov ka mea, kōkua noenoe Basil II, a me kona kaikuaʻana, e lawe i ka noho aliʻi. I mahalo no keia hana Dmitry Shemyaka (noho alii ana: na'lii o Galich - (1433-1450), ke alii o Uglich - (1441-1447), Moscow - (1445-1447) hookipa i ka'āina hoʻoili, ua lilo iho la i ka luna o Uglich a me Rzhev ..

Makuakane no ka mana

Eia naʻe, ma hope o kekahi manawa Shemyaka huli i loko o ka pīhoihoi aliʻi:ʻo ia nō, e hui pu i ke kaua no ka noho aliʻi, he kū'ē lehulehu o na boyars hoiliili a puni ona.

Eia naʻe, e hoʻomaopopo i ko lakou mau moe ina oia i ole loaa ia oe, a me ka ia i haʻakoiʻia e hele mai i ka hua'ōlelo i kekahi manawa me Vasily II. Oia la, aka, no na moʻolelo, ka mea, ua he piha hou o ka mea i Dmitry Shemyaka kekahi manawa ua i ka luna o Moscow. Eia pehea ia i hiki mai ai.

I ka 1445 ka mea i haiia mai i crusade ku ei ke Gula iā Goga, a koa hana kue i na palena o Rusia. losing i ke kaua o Suzdal ma hope, Basil II i pio, a, ma lalo o na rula o ka succession, kona hope, albeit? aiaiiuo, lilo Dmitry, no ka mea, ua i ka mua o nā mamo o Ivan Kalita.

e holo mai ana i ke aupuni

Sources hōʻike i ka Grand Duke o Uglich, Galich a me Moscow ua "naʻaupō" manakia. Dmitry Shemyaka, haole, a me ka wahi lulu kūkulu 'ia o ka mea i wale n? E hōʻoia i hooikaika i ko lakou mau kūlana o ka mana i ole alakai waiho ia aku ia ia i ka moku'āina i ka pono a me ka pomaikai.

Mai kona pōkole-mau maka aku nā manaʻo hoʻoholo i kekahi manawa, waiho wale aku no nā papa: aliʻi, kalepa, nā aliʻi kaua. Hoʻonuiʻia ka inaina mawaena o na kanaka i kapaʻia ka ai-kapaia pā hale Shemyaka. Prince upstart ua kanaka ka mea minamina a me ka arrogant, no laila, pohihihi i hanau i ka hoopai i hana ia e ia, ua nui loa uuku i like me ka hoopono.

About arbitrariness, a hana i ka laila poe o Themis, eloquently i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka satirical "Ka nui o Shemyakinsky Aha." Ka mea, ua i kēia wā, e like me ka ike ole e kupuʻike manaʻo e like me bribery, i kaili wale, hainā o ko lākou mana ma na lunakanawai. AOON na kūmau o na kanawai kahiko, Hookolokolo olelo hooholo pinepine i hookauia iho e ku e ia, he pono ole ke aloha. Mea kākau moʻolelo Karamzin manaoio aku i ka culprit kulana moʻopuna Dmitry Donskoy.

Oia arbitrariness i hana i na; elue no ke poʻo ma laila i kekahi papakaukau outflow o kanaka. I ka helu o ka hauʻoli Dmitry Yuryevich pilikino E pili ulu mai ka lā i ka lā.

Ke kuwaho o Rusia i ka noho alii ana o Shemyaka i kō nā koi i o ka manawa. Great Prince o Uglich, Galich a me Moscow e hopu i ka noho aliʻi, i ole uku i ka uku pānaʻi no ka mea pio Basil II, a, e noho mālie ia i ka mana, oia ho'āʻo e hooluolu i ka Khan o ke Gula iā Goga. He pū hoʻolālā i ke kākoʻo o kona brother-- Grand Duke o Lithuania Svidrigailov Olgerdovich, ignoring i ka pili pono o ke Novgorod Repubalika.

standoff mau

Kekahi manawa ma hope, Basil II hooponopono iho i ke wawahi i noa mai Tatar noho pio ana ma ka uku i ka nui uku pānaʻi. Ke aʻo 'ana i keia, Shemyaka Dmitriy Yurevich ole ana, e lawe ia i nā hana a wikiwiki e aeie i ka hoa ka ala i loko o ka "pohaku keʻokeʻo". ʻalo me Basil ma Hemolele Trinity hoailona, Ka Great Prince o Uglich, Galich a me Moscow hoʻoneleʻia mai au iā ia i ka hiki i ka ike, a kipakuia i Uglich.

Akā, koke Shemyaka hookuu i kona kaikuahine, a haawi aku ia ia i noho ai o Vologda. Ma keia kulanakauhale hoomaka hiki kākoʻo a me ka ukali o Basil II, ka mea ma hope o ka manawa i ohi papakaukau poe koa, a hele ma ke kapikala e loaa oia ia ia iho i ka noho aliʻi. Aʻo ia ka holomua 'ana. Dmitry Yu haawiia'ku ai i ka Luna Nui Duke o Uglich a me Rzhev Bezhetskaya County. Eia hou, oia hoopaa ia e hoʻi i ke kālā, mai ka moku'āina waihona kālā, a hou kau kuleana i ka noho aliʻi. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia pinepine ae la oia uhai hai mua ia mai i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Tron nalowale

Mai ka 1447 Shemyaka Dmitriy Yurevich e hooponopono o Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod aina, a ma ka manawa mai ka 1451 a hiki i 1453 makahiki au i loko o ka Novgorod Repubalika. Akā, eia ka mea, papani iho la i pōkole. He hoʻomaka hou e nurture pīhoihoi manao, e hoʻonui i ka palena o kona noho aliʻiʻana. Dmitry Yu a me kona poe koa, hele i lalo i ka Dvina, a i Ustyug me ka nui e kū'ē'ē mai. Naʻe,ʻaʻole i ka poʻe e noho lā a pau o keia kulanakauhale, he ka Grand Dukeʻoliʻoli, ka ike piha pono i kona aoao i loko o ka mana o kēlā lā make. Shemyaka akā nō makemake e pāʻana o ke kanaka, a hiki i ka hookahi na'lii, no laila, brutally Hi ohia ia ma ustyuzhanami i hoike lea ia ia.

A i aku la oia i noi i ka loa loa ana o ka pono: kekahi i make, ua komo lāua ma luna o ka'ā'ī o ka pohaku, a kiola ia i loko o ka muliwai. Na na kamaaina i makemake ole ia ma luna o lākou ka honua ka mea, e hana ia arbitrariness, a ua noi no ka kōkua mai vymechey a me ka vychegzhan like me ka ?? eoi? I a lakou i noho ai, administratively pili Ustyug. Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, Dmitry Yuryevich hiki ultimately loaa i ke kahiko Lūkini kulanakauhale. Ma hope iho o kēia lanakila, ua kauoha vyatchan hao wale i ka Kiure County, Aia i loko o ka ?? eoi? Vychegda-Vym honua.

anathematization

Excesses a me atrocities mea i hanaia ma ka behest o ka Prince Nui o Uglich, Galich a me Moscow, hiki i hoʻopilikia i ka clergy. E like me ia i kekahi mau kumu, i ka 1450, Prince Dmitry Shemyaka i excommunicated, "poino loa palapala puka," i i kākau i loko o e hooiaio ai. Kēia palapala i kakauinoaia e Bishop Pitirim Permian. Eia naʻe, hiki i keia manawa, kākau moʻolelo e pili ana i debating paha moʻopuna Dmitry Donskoy ua maoli hoomainoinoia oia, mai na kumu ma keia mea e contradictory. Ma kekahi, Kauhalenui Jonah ma kona palapala i ka Archbishop Efrim kākau ai i ke alii "iho excommunicated."

No ke aha la Shemyaka?

No laila, ua kii mai pehea la i ka mana, Dmitry Shemyaka. No ke aha la ia i kekahi moniker i pili i ka Luna Duke o Uglich, Galich a me Moscow? Kēia ninau mea ole emi hana hoihoi 'ai i ka mea heluhelu.

Ma keia mooolelo, loaʻa nō kekahi mau wale nō. Kekahi o ia ua muli ma luna o ka mea ana i ka hua'ōlelo "Shemyaka" akin i ka Tatar-Mongol "Chimek", a 'o ia hoʻi ua kahikoia a nani a me ka mea hoʻonani. Kekahi ano o ka olelo mai nei i "Shemyaka" - he hua h ÷ ailona no ka "Sheemyaki" (i kapaʻia ai ka mea nana ka mana nui). Akā, ka moopuna o Dmitry "kaulana" Don ma muli o ke 'ē aʻe ano: maalea,ʻino, ka wahahee a me ke aloha o ka mana. No ka pono o ko lākou pono iho i nā mea a pau ua makaukau Dmitry Shemyaka. Ka inoa kapakapa ia i loaa i loko o na kanaka, i palahalaha ae ma ka aina, kahi a mana nui i Kalikia luna. He mea hiki i ke alii Aleksandr Andreevich Shahovsky, hoomaka ae la e lei ana ia ma hope o mākou me Shemyaka. Sources hōʻike 'ana i ka 1538, ua noho Ivan Shemyaka aie-Saburov, ohana laau nona aa hoomaka ma Kostroma. I ka 1562, ia Shoes Shemyaka Istomin-Ogorelkove: kona mau kupuna mai, he Vologda. I ka 1550, ua hana i loko o Rusia Vasily Shemyaka, a i kona mau paakai hana. Ma ka XVI kenekulia, e like me kumu i loko o ka palena o ka Novgorod Repubalika o kekahi hale i kanaka me ka inoa Shemyaka.

Wahine a me na keiki

Great Prince o Uglich, Galich a me Moscow mare Sophia Dmitrievna, ka mea i ke kaikamahine o Prince Dmitry Vasilyevich Zaozersky. Dmitry Shemyaka ma-kānāwai ua he mamo o St. Prince Fedor Black. Historical palapala hōʻike i ka moʻopuna Dmitriya Donskogo ahaaina mare me Sofey Dmitrievnoy paʻa i mua o 1436. I ka mare ana, ka mea, i ke keiki kāne, Ivan Dmitrievich. Eia kekahi ma Uglich i mua aku ma mua o 1437. 12 makahiki ma hope i noho ai ke keiki a me kona makuwahine i loko o St. George hoailona.

No hoi Sophia D. i hanau i ke kaikamahine a Maria. Ma hope, ua mare Alexander a me Czartoryski noho ma Velikiy Novgorod. Kona make i hele mai e like me ka mea hou: ia i kanuʻia i loko o ka hooilo, 1456 ma ka St. George hoailona.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Ka hope loa ke kahua o ke ola au moʻopuna Dmitry Donskoy i ole, ua? Anoee loa, e like me ka mōʻaukala palapala mai i apo ia exhaustive 'ike e pili ana i keia. Kona pīhoihoi manao kuka i ole destined ia e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka nui loa: e noho ma luna o ka noho aliʻi,ʻo ia i hiki ole ia ma Moscow, a ho'āʻo e lilo kiaaina o ka ikaika a me ka kuokoa na'lii a kona kapikala e e Ustyug, i nele. Great Prince o Uglich, Galich a me Moscow mea makau nui loa o ka hoopai no kā lākou hana ma ka aoao o Basil II, i hilahila i ka poe Kau waihona a me Novgorod Dmitry Yuryevich. No kekahi manawa, ka mea, "huli i ka makapo maka" i ka lehulehu atrocities moʻopuna Dmitry Donskoy, hoopakela aku,ʻaʻole e e hoʻomau ana ma ka confrontation ma waena o Moscow a me Ustyug. Hookahi Shemyaka ole ana iaʻu iho manao ana pehea e koke hou lilo i ka pau luna o Rusia, akā, e luhi ano o na kanaka internecine na kaua a me ka paio: a pau i makemake ai ka malu a me ka noho mālie. Kauhalenui Jonah ua ma ka palapala me Bishop Euphemia, a i pinepine ae la oia noi i Dmitry Yuryevich haalele ho'āʻo a pau, e • loaʻa hou i ka noho aliʻi i loko o kona mau lima hookahi, a no e hoolauleaia me Basil II a pau. Akā, Eia naʻe, i ka maikaʻi i nā hualoaʻa iholaʻo ia i: Shemyaka i makemake ole e hana i kekahi concessions. Akā, koke aku la ia i ua hoopaiia no na hewa o lakou.

make

I ka lono ana o kona make ana moʻopuna Dmitry Donskoy "hele" mai ke kapikala o ke Novgorod Repubalika i loko o ka "keʻokeʻo pohaku" i loko o ka kauwela o 1453. Ma nā moʻolelo i kākau i olelo mai ai ka lono kakauolelo o Basil, nāna i hali ka inoa kapakapa o "ka pilikia." Noteworthy o ka mea i ma hope o kēia la oia i ke kiekie i ka clerks. No kekahi kumu i make ai Dmitry Shemyaka? A helu o ka palapala hōʻike i ke Grand Duke iʻapu kōheoheo. He aha ka mea iʻikeʻia e pili ana i keia mea? Sources aku nei au i ka niho potion, mai ke poʻo i lawe mai ai, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku, "kahu Basil II" - Kakauolelo Stepan ma kaʻumiʻumi paha. He ua he akamai kanaka, a hoʻokō kona nuʻukia pono. Kekahi kumu e olelo aku i ka mea ma kaʻumiʻumi paha haawiia make Boyar Ivan Kotov, kekahi: Boretsky Meia. Next Ua kikokiko kānaka poʻo kuke Dmitry, ka mea a ka mea make i hoolilo. Ua noho ka hihia no ka uuku: e haawi aku ai ia Shemyaka potion, a i hanaia. Pischevar i waiho i kona haku moa. ʻO nā lā o Grand Duke lanakila "hvoroba", ma hope i kona Mahope make. A like o nā koe Dmitriya Shemyaki hōʻoia ana i ka make o kaʻapu kōheoheo.

A kekahi hapa o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i hoomaopopoia ana o ka make ana o kana moopuna ia Dmitry Donskoy - keia mea no ka hana o ka Novgorod boyars, ka mea i loko o ia i nā koina makemake e noho i ko lakou kue me Basil II. No ka mea Novgorod hanohano Grand Prince o Uglich, Galich a me Moscow, a hoomaka ae la e lilo ka mana a me nā kūlana hana o ka mana, koke ia hewa.

Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, i ka ulia make ana o kana moopuna ia Dmitry Donskoy ke hoala mai i na nīnau ma ka kaiāulu. I ka nui, e hoike ana oia iʻapu kōheoheo i loko o kēia hōhē wale ala, kena ae la i ka haunaele. Alii o ka usurper Dmitry Shemyaka huli aneane koke i loko o ka noʻu, a me ka poe enemi i luku mai ai i loko o ka hakakā kolohe.

Hope, a me undisguised mea hoʻonāukiuki no ka poe pono ole ka hanaʻino i ka Grand Duke e kākau i kona mamao hoahanau - Alana Mihaylovich Kurbsky.