He aha ka mea i kapaʻia ai ka hanaʻia?

I ka hana o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa o ko mākou kino hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na mea he nui aʻe. Kekahi keena (cardiomyocytes a me nā aʻalolo) hilinaʻi ma ka EYI o nā aʻalolo impulses ua loaʻa ma ka hana i ho'ākāka 'eiiiiiaiou ma aeee a aka wahi. Ke kumu o ke aʻalolo impulse o ke kahua o ka kekahi excitation ke kōā, e hali ana i ka inoa o ka hanaʻia.

He aha ka mea?

Hana Loaʻaʻia ua kapaia ka nalu excitation Pńk'pika mai aeea i ka halepaahao. Manawa i kona ho okumu a me EYI ma ka halepaahao membranes ia lŘlŘ transient loli kā lākou e mālama ai (maʻamau ka pahaleʻaoʻao o kaʻili lahilahi ua negatively i hoopiiia, a me ka ma waho - maikaʻi). I hana hawewe ka poʻea pau e hoʻololi i ka waiwai o ka ion kaha o na keena, i hiki aku ai i recharging o kaʻili lahilahi. I ka manawa ia o ka hanaʻia hele ma kaʻili lahilahi, he mea he manawa pōkole loli o kona malama, kūpono ai i loko o ka loli ma ka aeea waiwai.

Kēia nalu ho okumu underlies i ka hana o ke aʻalolo puluniu, a me ka naau o ka hoʻolele leo nenoaiu.

I Ina o ka 'aʻe' ana o kona ho okumu e ulu maʻi he nui loa, e 'ike o Loaʻaʻia hana e pono ai i loko o ka luna' 'inikua-PalekanaEND_LINK hana.

E like me ka mea like me ka Loaʻaʻia hana, a me ia mea typical ai ia ia?

Mōʻaukala o ka noiʻi

I ka like ana o ka hanana o excitation ma na keena, a olona, i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka lōʻihi manawa kahiko. Kona mua i kekahi i ke ano o ka biologists ka poe i aʻo i ka hopena o nā stimuli ma ka hooleiiaʻi mawaho tibial nā aʻalolo o ka rana. Ka mea, ua hoʻomaopopo i ka wā paku ole ia i kekahi kiaʻana i kāna kākoʻo pāʻoihana o edible ka paʻakai i malama contraction o na nāʻiʻo.

Ma hou haʻawina mea i hana mau ia e neurologists, akā, no ka hoʻokumu 'epekema ma hope o ke kālaikūlohea i ka hanaʻia e haʻawina - physiology. Ua Ua ua hoao aku au ia ia e physiologists ke alo o ka hanaʻia i loko o ka naʻau keena a me nā aʻalolo.

Me ka Wa Mamua o ke ola, a me ka poe i koe Loaʻaʻia i hōʻikeʻike ma ka haʻawina o Loaʻaʻia.

iho o ka hoonohoia'na epekema mai ke kinohi o ka 19th kenekulia, hiki ke koho i ka Loaʻaʻia loaʻa nui o kaʻikepili, a, e ana i ko lakou nui. Currently, ua lawe mai ka fixation a me ke ao o ka hanaʻia i loko o nā komo haʻawina - he electrocardiogram a me ka electroencephalogram.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hanaʻia

excitation ho okumu ia lŘlŘ ma muli o ka loli ma ka intracellular lehulehu o ka paʻakai, a potasiuma Ion. Maʻamau, i loko o ka halepaahao he oi potasiuma ma mua o paʻakai. Extracellular paʻakai ion lehulehu ka nunui oi aku ia mamua i loko o ka cytoplasm. Loliʻonou Loaʻaʻia hana he hoʻonui e hoʻololi i ka 'āhewa' ana ma luna o kaʻili lahilahi, a ma kaʻikena ua kena ae la ma ka paʻakai Ion i loko o ka halepaahao. No ka mea, o keia loli i ka hewa ana i hoopiia mawaho, a ma loko o nā aeee (cytoplasm ua ikaika i hoopiiia, a me ka pā a puni, - ka io.

Keia ua hana e kōkua i ka hooholo ana o ka hīnaʻi manu ale.

Once ka nalu i ua pū i hiki ma ka synapse, aʻe ke ola kauoha ia lŘlŘ aie i ka mea pono i loko o ka halepaahao negatively papa koloriside Ion. Ho'ā hou i ka loiloi mua malama pae mawaho, a ma loko o ka halepaahao, e hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka mana noho iluna Loaʻaʻia.

Manawa o ka hoʻomaha a me ka excitation interleaved. Ke'āno'ē aeee i nā mea a pau e okoa, a me ke kahua o PD e e ma laila e hoʻolohe i kekahi mau 'ē aʻe kānāwai.

pae PD

i ka hanaʻia Iloko o hiki ke maheleia i loko o kekahi mau kūlana.

I ka pae mua i wahi a ka pilikia nui o ka depolarization (e holo ana hanaʻia hauma¯na lohi hookuuʻili lahilahi a hiki i ka i kā mākou 'ilikai, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ia mea ma kahi o -90 meV). Kēia pae ua kapaia predspayk. Ua ua lawe mai ma e komo i loko o ka halepaahao o ka paʻakai Ion.

Na kekahi pae - piko Loaʻaʻia (a me SPIKE) i kālā he parabola me ka huʻi ka makau ma ka puka ana mai o ka Loaʻaʻiaʻili lahilahi depolarization mea (hookeai) a me ka iho hapa - repolarization.

Ekolu pae - he hopena maikaʻiʻia o ke kumumea - kumumea hōʻike depolarization (loli mai ka depolarization piko i ka standstill). Ma muli o ke komoʻana o ka chlorine Ion i loko o ka halepaahao.

I ka ha o ka mua, o ka maikaʻi pae kumumea Loaʻaʻia, i kaʻili lahilahi hoike i ka loiloi mua kauoha pae.

paeʻikepili kūpono i ka hanaʻia mai, pololei ma hope kekahi ma hope o kekahi.

hana Loaʻaʻia kuleana pili i

Oiaio no, o ka hooulu ana i ka hanaʻia o ka mea nui i loko o ka functioning o kekahi mau keena. iniiaiie kūlana ma ka stimulation o ka naau. Ole ia, o ka naʻau i makemake wale AEeOEXAaI kino, akā, ma muli o ka propagation o na keena a pau o ka naau o kona ka ho'ēmiʻana, i ka poʻea pau e pahu aku ai i ke koko ma ka vascular moe, a waiwai ka mea, o ka mea a pau nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko.

ʻO ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana i hiki ole pono hooko kona hana i ka hanaʻia ma waho. Aupuni makemake,ʻaʻole e hiki ke loaa no lepa, e hana i kekahi papa, e like me ka hopena makemake e wale lapuwale. Eia hou kekahi, hana hou i loko o nā aʻalolo impulse EYI o nā aʻalolo olona, (ke ano o ka myelin a aka wahi o Ranvier) hiki, e hoʻouna i ka hōʻailona i loko o kekahi mea o nā kekona, a me ka mea alakaʻi i ka ulu ana o reflexes a me ka manao ana.

Ma waho aʻeo ia mau hui, nenoai, he Loaʻaʻia hana ua hua mai la i ka nui no hoi na keena, nae, ma ka mea āna i Radio he kūlana wale nō i loko o ka hana o ko lākou ho'ākāka 'ia i hana' halepaahao.

Ke muli o ka hanaʻia i loko o ka naʻau

Ke kumu nui kino, i ua muli ma luna o ka loina o ke kahua o ka hanaʻia, o ka naau. Aie i ka wa o ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale ho okumu ua lawe aka wahi hana o ka hui, kona kuleana pili i ka mea e haawi aku i ke koko i na nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko.

Hanauna o ka hanaʻia i loko o ka naau ana i loko o ka sinus wahi. Ua Ua Aia ma ka confluence o ka vena cava i ka atrium akau. Mai laila, i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale hoʻopulapula ma na olona, o ka cardiac conduction'ōnaehana - mai ka'āina a hiki i ka atrioventricular hui. Maalo ae la oia ma ka puapua lala aeie, nui kaʻoi loa, ma luna o kona mau wāwae, i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale ae ma ka akau, a me ka ventricle hema. Mau pūhaka hoonohonohoʻoi aʻe ala o - Purkinje olona, ma i excitation kīnā kēlā naau keena.

I ka hanaʻia o nā cardiomyocytes mea he constituent, 'o ia hoʻi, Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o nā keena o ka cardiac'aʻaʻa. At aeie kumukūʻai (ma hope o myocardial me ka makaʻu no) ho okumu ua kupikipikio hanaʻia, a ua paa ia ma ka electrocardiogram.

ko mākou hopohopo kahua

E like me PD ua hanaʻia i loko o neurons - keena o ka'emi ko kahua. O nā mea a pau i kona wahi maʻalahi.

Mawaho pāpaʻa ike nā aʻalolo aeea keʻano o ka hanaʻana - dendrites pili me receptors aia i loko o kaʻili, a ma nā mea a pau'ē nā'aʻaʻa (e kau mai ana Loaʻaʻia, a hanaʻia nō hoʻi e puku i kekahi i kekahi). Stimulation triggers ke kahua o ka hanaʻia i loko o ia mau mea, ma hope i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale ma ke kino o ke aʻalolo aeea mea i loko o kona lōʻihi lima - axon, a mai laila aku ma synapses - i nā keena. Ke'ī mai, ka mea i hana excitation nalu ino i ka lolo.

A hiʻona o ka'emi'ōnaehana o ke alo o nā 'ano o nā olona, - kapa komo iā ia me myelin paha. Ke muli o ka hale a me kona hoolilo ana i na olona, a i myelin, Ua nui māmā ma mua o demielinezirovannyh.

O kŰia ua ike no i ka mea i ka laha ana o PD myelinated olona, hualoaʻa mai ka "o Kepakailiula i" - lāʻau ikiʻai wale skips'āpana myelin, kūpono i emi kona alanui, a, niioaaonoaaiii, accelerating ka hohola.

e maha ai Loaʻaʻia

Me ka hooulu ana o ka mana noho iluna Loaʻaʻia ma laila i hanaʻia e ia. quiescent Loaʻaʻia ma lalo o hoʻomaopopo maʻamau, unexcited moku'āina o ka halepaahao ma a ka 'āhewa' ana o ka loko, a mawaho o kaʻili lahilahi i me ka nui loa okoa (a laila, mawaho o kaʻili lahilahi ua ikaika i hoopiiia, a me ka loko - io). Hoʻomahaʻia Hōʻike i ka likeʻole ma waena o ka 'āhewa' ana i loko, a mawaho o ka halepaahao. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ia mea maʻamau mai -50 a hiki i -110 meV. Ke aʻalolo olona, ua nui ka nō kāu -70 MeV.

He pono i ka poʻe Polenekia o ka koloriside Ion i loko o ka halepaahao, a e pili ana i ka hopena maikaʻi e mālama ai ma kaʻaoʻao ma loko o kaʻili lahilahi.

Ka wā hoʻololi i ka lehulehu o intracellular Ion (i haiia ae maluna,) PP replaces PD.

Maʻamau, na keena a pau o ke kino i loko o ka lepo moku'āina, no laila, me ka Loaʻaʻia loli hiki ke noonoo physiologically pono kaʻina, no ka mea, me ia makemake ole e hiki ke hana i ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko a me ko mākou hopohopo nenoai.

Manaʻo nui o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ke aloha-hale a me ka hana

Kau mai ana iluna Loaʻaʻia a me ka hanaʻia e ho oholo i ka ano o ke kino, e like me kanaka nā loko.

E hana i ka hanaʻia o ka naau (ECG) e oholo kona kulana a me ooieoeiiaeuiiai nona iho o kona pau Oihana. Inā ka like o ka maʻamau EKG, ka mea hiki ke ike i na niho a pau ma luna o ia mea he hoike ana o ka hanaʻia, a laila, i ke koena Loaʻaʻia (pela, i ka hanana o atrial Loaʻaʻiaʻikepili SafeSearch ka P nalu, a me ka laha ana o excitation i loko o nā ventricles - niho R).

Me ka mahalo i ka electroencephalogram, o kekahi mea ma luna o ka mea, i ka nānā aku o kekahi mau nalu a me rhythms (i nui, alpha a me ka Hoʻokolohua hawewe i loko o ke ola i ke kanaka) aie i ka hanana o ka hanaʻia i loko o nā neurons o ka lolo.

Kēia mau haʻawina ae manaʻoi hoʻokoe 'huai ae i ka hooulu ana o ka ua maʻi kaʻina hana, a i aneane 50 pakeneka o ka loiloi mua holomua lapaau o ka maʻi.