He aha ka VAT? Pehea e unuhi ai mai ka nui VAT?

ʻAuhau Hoʻonui Waiwai, a me VAT, Ua hoʻohana mua i loko o Farani. Ua ho'ohana'o M. Lore i kā lākou'ōlelo i ka makahiki 1954. I loko o nā makahiki'ehā, ua lilo kēia'ano o ka'auhau i mea e pono ai nā kānaka a pau o kēia'āina. Eia hou, ho'omaka'o ia e komo i ka ho'okele waiwai a me nā'āina'ē a'e o'Eulopa. Ma ka moku'āina o ka Lūkini Lūkini, ua'ike'ia ka VAT ma ka manawa o ke kāhea'ia'ana o ka mākele mākele ma ka makahiki 1992.

He aha ka VAT?

VAT mea he hapa o ka moni i ua hou ana i ke kuai ana o ka waiwai a me ka lawelawe ana i ka waiwai e lilo aku ana e pili ana i ka huina hoonui a kuai (keia i pili i ka lawelawe i hoakaka). 'A'ole i ka VAT o ka nui ke kālā i ka uku o nā limahana. Eia hou,'a'ole lākou e hā'awi i ke kālā i uku'ia no nā ukana, ke'ole i kū'ai'ia mai nā mea uku'ole o kēia'ano'auhau. I kēia lā, nui nā po'e e pili ana i ka unuhi'ana mai ka nui VAT.

No ke aha i ulu nui ai ka VAT?

Hiki ke ho'ākāka'ia ka kaulana o kēia'auhau ma o nā kumu hou nei:

1. Ma muli o ka'auhau i hō'oia'ia, hiki iā'oe ke ho'oholo pono me ka pololei pololei, pehea ka nui o ka huahana (lawelawe) ma kēlā me kēia kau like'ole o kā lākou hana. Mahalo i ka VAT,'a'ole hiki ke helu pālua i nā hua.
2. Me keia auhau, e hiki ke uku i waiwai hoʻokomo, akā, 'aʻole e ālai ia' me ka mea hoʻolilo i keia. Ua apono 'oe e hana i ka olakino Competition, a me ka pono, e kūkulu i ka wahi lulu kuai.

'O ka VAT ma Rusia

E like me ua oleloia, i ka auhau ma ka waiwai i hoʻohuiʻia auhau ʻikeʻia i loko o kēia aupuni i ka 1992. I kēia lā, he 18% kona uku.

'A'ole nui nā waiwai a me nā lawelawe i kēia'ano'auhau. No laila, he hiki'ole ke unuhi i ka VAT mai ko lākou waiwai. Ma ke'ano kūlana, eia nā huahana i lawe'ia aku. 'O nā mea maika'i no nā keiki ke kū i lalo i ka palena ha'aha'a (10%). 'O kēlā mau'oihana ho'i e hana nei ma kahi'oihana'auhau hō'ano'ole e uku i ka VAT. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei,'o ka nīnau e loa'a pinepine ai i ka ho'ēmi'ana i ka nui o ka uku'auhau o kēia'ano'auhau, ai'ole e hō'ole loa ia ma ka'āina o ko mākou'āina. Akā,'a'ole loa i ho'oholo'ia ho'okahi mana'o no kēia pilikia.

Ho'opili mākou i ka'auhau i ho'ohui'ia

He nui nā mea he nui e pili ana i ka lawe'ana mai ka nui VAT. No ka ho'oha'aha'a'ana i ka hana no nā po'e'a'ole i ho'olālā'ia, ua hana'ia nā mea helu pūnaewele kūikawā, me ke kōkua'ole he mea pa'akikī e hana i kēia hana. Akā inā'ike'oe i ke'ano no ka helu'ana, a laila hiki iā'oe ke hana iā'oe iho. Eia kekahi,'a'ole pa'akikī loa ka helu'ana a hiki'ole.

No ka ho'oka'awale'ana i ka'auhau, pono e māhele i ka kumu kū'ai no ka hana'ana i loko o kēia mau hua'ōlelo: 1 + (VAT pakeneka): 100. Loa'a iā mākou kēia ki'i. Inā he 10 ka'auhau'auhau, a laila e pu'unaue'oe iā ia i 1.1. Inā like ka 18, a laila i ka 1,.18.

Mai ka loa'a o ka hopena, he pono e unuhi i kahi kālā mua. E loa'a iā'oe kahi helu kūpono'ole, akā, pono ka auhau. No laila, ho'onui i ka nui ma ka -1 (hiki iā'oe ke wehe i ka hō'ailona "-", a laila'a'ole'oe e helu i kekahi mea). Inā helu'ia ka helu "me kahi peni," a laila e ho'opuni'ia.

No ka ho'ohālikelike i ka'auhau, hiki iā'oe ke ho'ohana i nā helu helu pūnaewele kūikawā a i'ole e ho'ā'o i ka helu'ana iā'oe iho me ka ho'ohana'ana i nā kumu ma'alahi (18% ka helu no ka ho'ohana'ana):

• 'O kahi nui x 1.18 = ka nui me ka'auhau.
• 'O kahi nui x 0.18 = ka nui o ka'auhau.

Inā'oe e'imi ana i kahi e unuhi ai mai ka VAT nui, a laila e kōkua ke kumuhana e pili nei iā'oe. Loa'a iā'oe kahi kālā (e ho'oka'awale i ke'ano me ka hua'ōlelo Latina N). A hiki aku i ka uku ana o ka auhau, i mea like i ka 18, e mākou i nā kēia kiʻi.

• VAT = N x 18: 100.

'O ia ho'i, inā he 10,000 rubles kāu, a laila,'o ka VAT mai kēia huina he 1800 rubles (10 000 x 18: 1000). Eia kekahi, pono'oe e unuhi i ka helu hopena mai ka helu kumu.

'Ike'oe'o ka nīnau o ke'ano e unuhi ai mai ka nui o ka VAT'a'ole i'oi aku ka pa'akikī e like me ka mea i'ike'ia i ka'ike mua'ana. Inā'ike'oe i nā kumuhana kūikawā, a laila hiki ke helu'ia nā mea a pau.