He aha mea he kumu? Kumu a me ka atavism - quirks o ka 'ano a me ka hoike no ka evolution?

He aha mea he kumu? Kēia hapa o ka mea kanu a holoholona kino, hou kona papa, no ka i ka mea, ua manao hanaʻia. Ola meaola mahuahua vestigial hale, a me kā lākou study hoʻolako hou manawa e hooiaio evolution.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike kumu i loko o ka holoholona honua

He aha nō nā kumu? Ano he kumu hoʻohālike Hiki ke loaʻa mai'ō a'ō. No ka laʻana, dandelions, oiai ka mea, paʻi ole fertilization, ka mea nō i pua a me ke ano pollen. I waena o nā mea kolo Hiki ke loaʻa flightless'ūhini lele me, a ua hana pono ia mau'ēheu ua hūnāʻia ma lalo iho o ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa fused elytra.

Mea kolo e like me pythons, nō i ka vestigial pelvis,ʻaʻole pili i ka vertebrae (like i loko o ka hapanui vertebrates) - ia e lana ana ma ka abdominal lua. He hōʻike i nā nahesa Hawaiʻi mai ka eha-legged mea kolo. Kekahi hana o ua moo i rudimentary vestigial wāwae, ma lalo o kā lākouʻili i nā imperceptible mai waho.

Ua nui na holoholona i rudimentary mau maka. No ka laʻana, ana papa anuʻu loa kai kamaaina akā, e like me ka iʻa (Mekiko tetra a me ka salamander? Ueony Typhlotriton spelaeus a me Proteus anguinus), makapo, i ka rudimentary vestigial maka. Mau maka Mekiko tetra i ka maka aniani, degenerative retina a me optic nā aʻalolo. Makapo salamanders i mau maka me na haumana i ka waho malamalama mea paʻa lihilihi.

Whales i ka vestigial pelvis a me ka dia wāwae. I ka uha mua iwi a pau loa imua i loko o ke kino o ke kohola, akā,ʻaʻole pili i ke koena o ka iwi. Aka, ka mea e wale hoohui i ka holoholona'aʻaʻa. He He kauoha no ka evolution o'ō koholā, mai ano honua kahi mau kūpuna, me ka consequent lilo ana o ka dia lala a me pelvis. A pau e koe rudimentary i loko o ke kālā no'ō koholā, o ka iho o kēia mau hale.

kanaka vestiges

He aha mea he kumu? Kēia hapa o ka kino, no ke kahe ana ma ka evolution o kona ala mea, e like me ka kanaka i paiiaʻi na, he kuleana pili i nui i kekahi manawa, i mālama ai, a me ka manawa hana oi ino ma mua o ka pono. Ke coccyx o ke koena o ka huelo iwi o nā kūpuna o nā primates - mea he koena hapa o ka embryonic huelo, a ua hanaʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, a laila, decomposed a me ka "ai" ma ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu. Akā, kekahi poʻe nō, naʻe loa pohihihi keia, i hānauʻia me ka huelo (atavism).

Kekahi kanaka ke wiggle lākou mau pepeiao, oiai keia waiwai ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i nā pōpoki a me nā holoholona, a ua koi' ia no ka IIeEeAIEUAA o kani ana ioioie?. Nā kūpuna o na kanaka ike i ka ua Ua herbivorous, a me na niho i pono ai no ka kamaiʻilio ana a me ka wili kanuʻai. More ma mua o 90% o nā mākua i ka ai-kapaia ka naauao niho. Mau lapuwale niho i kekahi manawa, ulu pono a hiki i loa eha. Pinepine kanaka wale e pohaku uinihepa, o ia.

Keʻano o ka "Oie bumps" i loko o kānaka Ua hoi he rudimentary hōʻailona. Kēia naoh ana ia lŘlŘ ka wā anu, a me ka makaʻu. ʻO nāʻiʻo ma ke kumu o kēlā me kēia lauoho hana, e hookiekie i ka lauoho mai. Ma na holoholona, i kēia kuleana pili i ua pili i ka welaʻana. Ka ua pilikia ke'ākoʻakoʻa ina ka holoholona ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli. I keia manawa, "i kū-i für" e leie aku i ka holoholona, e nana hou hili 'a me na olelo hooweliweli au.

Irrefutable hoike no ka evolution

ka mea, e e kaulana i kela a me keia? ueo i kekahi hanana lākou kūʻauhau no këia i ka hae phylogenetic laau. Kēlā me kēia meaola i kekahi hanana moʻo o na kūpuna ai pili aku ia me ia. It E e manao ia o ka meaola i hoike o keia lākou kūʻauhau mōʻaukala. He aha mea he kumu? Ma kālaimeaola, keia anatomical a me ka hakakino hiʻona i mea 'ole-iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai.

He aha mea he kumu? No ka laʻana, na eheu o na manu e loa luna 'anatomical wahi o ka hoomaopopo, nā hale, pela hakuloli no ka mana holo, akā, he mau manu e lele i haawi mai ai. A ma ko hoʻohālike - ka pueo eheu i hiki ke hooiaio ae kapaia vestigial nā loko, no ka mea, i ole koi 'ia no ka holo, akā, e aho e kaulike ana e holo, a penei kekahi ka hula.

pāhaʻohaʻo anaʻepekema

Vestigial kanu'ōiwi nā palapala i loko o ke kanalua naturalists ma mōʻaukala. Kēia ninau hoihoiʻepekema loa ma mua Darwin mua i manaoia i kona ao pähola 'ana o ke kumu o? Ueo. He nui nā kānakaʻepekema manaʻo XVIII-XIX kenekulia, e like me Johann Wolfgang av Goethe (1749-1832), Georges-Lui Leklerk, Comte de Ka Buffon (1707-1788) a me Zhorzh Kyuve (1769-1832) i Ua këia i kēia pilikia.

He kanaono makahiki ma mua o ka lehulehu ākea o "ke kumu o? Ueony," Darwin, ka hoʻokamakama Palani hoʻomalu ma ka'anatomia Geoffroy Saint Hilaire (1772-1844) kamaʻilio maila ke kahe ana o vestigial eheu o ka ostrich a me ka cassowary. He ua i ka lilo no ke aha la maoli mau lau "ko läkou 'i ke kino," i ua hou e pono ai. He umi makahiki ma hope, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) haawi i ka wehewehena o kekahi vestigial hale i loko o kona "aeaaiono? Kālaiʻike".

atavism

Atavism i kekahi mau ano hoʻomaopop 'ana i ka uuku pūʻulu o meaola. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike nā kanaka huelo (coccygeal wānana), hou paha webbed manamana lima,'āno'ē hairiness, sublingual Muscle i ka ilio, a no laila, ma luna o. nā'ōewe kekahi, no kekahi laʻana, i lalo i ka pēpē, wale deactivated ma hope o ka hanau ana. He aha nō nā kumu a me ka atavism? He mea pono i ke kihi o ka iceberg o ka hoike o ke evolution.

Atavism ano e:

1) i ke alo o ka makua kahua o ke ola;

2) i ka wa e kaawale aku ana o na hoailona o ka makua a me nā kūpuna;

3) he lōʻihi rarity i loko o ka heluna kanaka.

Kekahi o ka loa hana keaka atavism i kanaka huelo. Kekahi mea palupalu, na na nāʻiʻo, na moku wale nō ke koko a me nā aʻalolo. I kekahi manawa mea paha e noho cartilage. Mau huelo hiki ke wehe surgically. Ma Atavisms nā ka nui helu o ka nipples (2-m).

puzzles o evolution

He aha ka mea i loko o nā kumu o ka kālaimeaola? mana ka mea, ua lilo lākou pololei manao a me ka mea hou hooko ana i kā lākou mau pololei hana. Inā ua iho a pau meaola, mai ka na kupuna, alaila, ke poho paha āpana o na mana likeʻole a me ka hale a ua kauoha ae ka mōʻaukala macroevolution.