Hoʻoʻino uao: Mea Maluna

Keʻano o ka hoʻoʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o muli o ke pathological ololi mea e pono naoh o ka meaola. Aat i - eiiieaena kaʻina hana e hoʻomōhala ai ma luna o ka kūloko a mau 'ilikai e ia lŘlŘ ma muli o na konohiki. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka ulu i ka hoʻoʻino muli o ke kuhikuhi ma ke kāpaeʻana i ka aoao o ka pathological a me ka hou ana o ke kino. Hoʻoʻino uao i na intermediaries, e pili 'ole i loko o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Pokole ma luna o ka loina o ka hoʻoʻino reactions

Ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana - kiai kanaka ola. A hiki aku ka mea e pono mea e komo i loko o ke kaua, a pepehi koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, fungi. Eia naʻe, a me Hoʻonui i ke revitalization o ke kaʻina hana o ka paioʻana microorganisms hiki ke ike visually a haha aku i ke ano o ka lapaʻau kiʻi. Ua mea i loko o ia mau hihia li nui e hoʻomōhala ana i like me ka aiiay pane o ke kino.

Kaʻina e huʻi a me ka maʻi hoʻoʻino pane o kona pele. Ka mua kupu ana mai koke 'ana o keʻano ukiuki ololi (trauma, pōʻino, allergic hookoia, maʻiʻaʻai). Maʻi aat i ka hooloihi ae i, a emi hai lapaʻau hoailona.

I Ina o kūloko pane o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana i loko o ka ciia o ka ino a hōʻeha ka mea, na hoailona o ka hoʻoʻino naoh kēia:

• eha;
• hoʻokano, puffiness;
• flushing o kaʻili ;
• 'aʻe' ana o ka loiloi moku'āina;
• hyperthermia (ana wela ala).

hoʻoʻino kahua o ka? acaeoey

Ke kaʻina hana o ka li nui ua ma muli o ka mea i ka wā hoʻokahi AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka ili aiiay aʻe, ke koko a me ka'ōnaehana paleʻea keena. Koke ma hope waiū i ka haole agena, i ke kino mākou ke pane ma kūloko vasodilatation i loko o ka wahi o ka pololei eha. Aia ka he mahuahua no permeability o ka pa, a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka kūloko microcirculation. Together me ke koko aeee hiki iʻaneʻi humoral hoomalu.

Ma ka lua o ke kahua o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea keena hoʻomaka e aumeume me microorganisms, loaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o ka wahi o ka poino. Ke kaʻina hana o ka i ka inoa o ka phagocytosis. Keena, neutrophils, hoʻololi 'ana i kā lākou mau helehelena a me ka hoʻokemu pathological konohiki. Next, e kū mai me ka kūikawā Luna nona ma ka luku ana o koʻohune a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi.

Ma ia laua me na microorganisms luku aku neutrophils a me ka elemakule make keena, a i aia i loko o ka wahi o ka li nui. Ke'ī mai hoʻomaka i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kolu o ka pae reactions o ka meaola. Ka pulakaumaka o ka li nui, e like me ka mea ua paleia lakou mai ke kino holoʻokoʻa. I kekahi manawa, i kēia wahi hiki ke ikeia throbbing. Ke aeea hoʻomaka e paka hoʻoʻino uao mai kia keena, e leie aku oe, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka poino wahi, mai na toxins, neoneo, a me ka 'ona.

General manaÿo o ka 'uao i

Hoʻoʻino uao - Uaʻeleu waiwai o liluwelo ka molekumu o, a i pu ma ke kala ana o ka papa kūlana o ke ano e. Ka mea, e kuleana no ka muli o symptoms o hoʻoʻino reactions. No ka laʻana, mahuahua permeability o ka moku paia a me ka kūloko ana wela mea ulu i loko o ka wahi o ka traumatization.

Ke kumu uao o ka li nui e hookoaia ole wale no ka hooulu ana i ka pathological kaʻina. Lākou hooulu ana i wahi noke. Ua Ua nona ma ka rula o ke kino ma ka'aʻaʻa a me ke kelepona hele pae. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka olelo o ka hana, modulators i ka hopena:

• mea hoʻonui (palena manawa);
• synergistic (potentiator);
• antagonichesky (hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō).

I ka eha ole ma ke kahua o ka neurotransmitter hana o ka microorganisms pa alima hoʻi iā AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me ka hoʻoʻino effector pae naeaeaa ano o ke kaʻina hana.

Ano o ka hoʻoʻino uao

All hoʻoʻino modulators e māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu, ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou me Kinohi:

1. Humoral: kinins, nā mea loaʻa o ka hoʻokō, clotting aʻe.
2. Cell: vasoactive amines, arachidonicʻakika nā mea loaʻa, cytokines, lymphokines, lysosomal aʻe, kū'ē o oxygen metabolites, neuropeptides.

Humoral uao o ka li nui i loaʻa i loko o ke kanaka kino, e ho ololi i pathological ololi, a laila i ke kino i ka hoolako ana i mau waiwai. Kā lākou palapala moʻopane ia lŘlŘ ma aeee i loko o ka AEeOEXAaI palapala.

Vasoactive amines a me neuropeptides lysosomal kumumea i i mālama '-nei modulators. Ka i koe, waiwai pili ana i ka pae ana o ke kelepona hele uao i hua mai 'ana i ka ulu ana o ka hoʻoʻino pane.

nā mea loaʻa o ka hoʻokō

No ka hoʻoʻino uao i loko compliment. Kēia pūʻulu o biologically hana waiwai ua manaoia e ia i waena o ka mea nui humoral modulators. K nā mea loaʻa nā 22 'okoʻa kumuʻiʻo kona ho okumu ia lŘlŘ me ka hoʻokō ho'ā hope (ho okumu o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea eiiieaenu a me immunoglobulins).

1. Modulators C5a a C3a i kuleana no ka huʻi aat i pae, a Liberatore histamine e hua mai ma ke kia keena. Kā lākou hana a ua kuhikuhi ia ma 'ō o ka pae ana o vascular ke kelepona hele permeability, a ua lawe mai' ana paha kahiko o ka'āina ma ka aoao o ka histamine.
2. Modulator C5a Des Arg maoli ka permeability o na venules ma ke kahua o ka hoʻoʻino pane, a,ʻo neutrophilic keena.
3. S3 paipai 'ia ka phagocytosis.
4. Complex S5-C9 kuleana no ka lysis o na microorganisms a me'āno'ē keena.

Kēia pae o ka 'uao i hua mai ka wai koko a me ka'aʻaʻa loli. Manawa, e komo i ka pathological ciia, exudation keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoʻomaka ai. A me nā mea loaʻa hoʻokō kuu interleukin, neurotransmitters, leukotrienes, prostaglandins a me platelet-ho'ā 'ia ololi.

kinins

Kēia pūʻulu o ka waiwai o vasodilators. Ka mea i hanaʻia i loko o ka'aʻaʻa loli a me ka wai koko o kekahi globulin. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ka poeikohoia o ka pae nā bradykinin a me ka kallidin, i hana ia mea like penei:

• komo i loko o ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka Muscle laumania pūʻulu;
• ma ka hoemi vascular endothelial hoʻohuiʻana paha i keʻano o ka hanaʻana paia permeability;
• he hoʻonui ai i ka hua o ka arterial a me ka venous puʻe;
• hoʻonui moku uuku;
• i ka helehelena o ka eha a me ka maneo;
• hōʻeleu i noho a me ka collagen hoʻololi kemikala.

Ke hana ua nona ma ka loaʻa o ka bradykinin wai koko komo i ka paena o ka li nui. Kinins -ʻeha uao o ka li nui. Ka mea, i keʻano ukiuki i ka kūloko receptors, ma o na la discomfort, soreness, maneo.

prostaglandins

Ke kelepona hele hoʻoʻino uao i prostaglandins. Kēia pūʻulu o nā hui pili i nā mea loaʻa o arachidonicʻakika. Sources o prostaglandins i macrophages, platelets, granulocytes a me monocytes.

Prostaglandins - uao o ka li nui, hōʻike mai ka kēia ha awina:

• stimulation o ka eha receptors;
• vasodilation;
• hoomahuahua i exudative keʻano o ka hanaʻana;
• hooikaika ana o hyperthermia i loko o ka lesion;
• accelerating holo o leukocytes i loko o ka pathological ciia;
• mahuahua ma ka nani.

leukotrienes

Biologically hana waiwai pili ana i ka lānai hou i hana 'uao i. Ia mea, i ke kino o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana i loko o ke koena o ke dala mea,ʻaʻole lawa no ka koke muli o irritant.

Leukotrienes hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o ka waiwai vascular permeability a me ka leukocyte i komo i ka ciia o pathology. He mea nui i loko o ke Kin o hoʻoʻino eha. Waiwai hiki ke synthesized i loko o nā mea a pau i ke koko keena'ē aʻe ma mua o erythrocytes, a ma ka adventitia o akemāmā keena, ipu koko a me ka momona keena.

Ma ka hihia o ka li nui ma muli o ia koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi a allergic aʻe leukotrienes i bronchial spasm, e kauoha ana i ka hooulu ana o ka edema. Ke hookoia i 'ano like me ka hana o ka histamine, akā, hou. Pale umauma hoʻokahi hui, no ka hana waiwai - ka naau. Ku mai i ka helu i ka nui, e lawelawe ma ka naau Muscle, he ahonui coronary pele a me ka hoomahuahua i ka nui o ka hoʻoʻino naoh.

thromboxanes

Kēia pae o ka hana modulators i hanaʻia i loko o nā nā'aʻaʻa o spleen, lolo keena, akemāmā keena a me ke koko platelets. Ua i spastic ia ma luna o na moku koko, ka hōʻoi 'na keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka thrombosis ma cardiac ischemia, he hoʻonui i ke kaʻina hana o ka aggregation a me ka platelet mea pīlali.

biogenic amines

Ke iniiaiie hoʻoʻino uao - histamine a me ka serotonin. Waiwai i provocateurs loiloi mua microcirculatory kāna hana i loko o ka pathology ciia. Serotonin - he neurotransmitter i ua hua mai la i ka momona keena, platelets a me enterochromaffin.

I ka hana o ka serotonin loli aʻe ke kaumaha ma muli kona pae i loko o ke kino. Ma lalo o maʻamau rula, i ka wa a ka huina mea physiological uwao, ka mea maoli he vascular spasms a maoli he lākou leo. Me ka hooulu ana o ka hoʻoʻino reactions o ka helu maoli he dramatically. Serotonin i vasodilator, mahuahua vascular permeability a me ka hoʻonui ipu. A, kona hana i hoʻokahi haneri manawa hou efficient lua o biogenic Amine neurotransmitter.

Histamine - hoʻoʻino uwao me ka multifaceted ia ma luna o na moku ke koko a me ka keena. Hana ma kekahi pae gistaminchuvstvitelnyh receptors waiwai dilates na arteries a inhibits leukocyte ana. I ka paku ole ia i kekahi - ia narrows aa koko vnutrikapellyarnogo ke kumu i mahuahua ma ka puʻe ma o ka 'ē aʻe lima, hoʻoulu leukocyte ana.

Hana ma neutrophil receptors, histamine hoʻohaiki ana lākou functionality ma monocyte receptors - stimulates i ka hala. Pela, ke neurotransmitter hiki i ka hoʻoʻino Anati-hoʻoʻino kanawai i ka ia manawa.

Vasodilator kanawai o ka histamine ua hoʻokāʻoi 'ma lalo o ka aoao o ka luna' me ka acetylcholine, bradykinin, a me ka serotonin.

lysosomal nā'ūhū

'ōnaehana paleʻea aat uao i hua mai la ia e monocytes a me granulocytes ma ka wahi o ka pathological kaʻina i stimulation, Polenekia, phagocytosis, ke kelepona hele pōʻino a me ka make. Proteases a mea he nui ke keʻena o ka lysosomal nā'ūhū i antimicrobial keia ohana ka palekana o lysing malihini luku pathological microorganisms.

Eia kekahi, hana waiwai he hoʻonui i māhuahua permeability o vascular pā, pē mālie leukocyte infiltration. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka helu o kaʻawale nā'ūhū, ka mea hiki ke hoʻoikaika a hoonawaliwali i ka poʻe Polenekia o ka leukocyte keena.

Hoʻoʻino muli o? Acaeoey? A mau no ka lōʻihi manawa ku i ka mea i ka lysosomal nā'ūhū haʻalele i ka hoʻokō'ōnaehana, hoʻokuʻu cytokines a me limokiny ho'ā 'ia paha coagulation a me ka fibrinolysis.

cationic nā polokina

By aat uao i nā polokina iloko o neutrophil granules, a me ke kiʻekiʻe microbicidal. Mau waiwai hana 'ana ma luna o ka haole keena, disrupting kona mallʻili lahilahi. Kēia kumu o ka make ana o ka pathological Agena. Eia, i ke kaʻina hana o ka luku a me ka cleavage ma lysosomal proteases.

Cationic nā polokina paipai neurotransmitter hoʻokuʻu histamine, hoonui vascular permeability, hōʻeleu i ke leukocyte mea pīlali a me ka poʻe Polenekia o aeee.

cytokines

Kēia ke kelepona hele hoʻoʻino uao hua mai ma keena o ka mea kēia:

• monocytes;
• macrophages;
• neutrophils;
• lymphocytes;
• endothelial keena.

Hana ma luna o neutrophils, cytokine pae hoomahuahua vascular permeability. Ka mea, i hoʻoulu leukocyte aeee i pepehi, hoʻopio aku i a me ka pepehi haole microorganisms noho, ka hōʻoi 'phagocytosis kaʻina.

Ma hope o ka pepehi ana pathological Luna cytokines hoʻoulu ke ola a me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka hou keena. Pāʻani aku me ka waiwai, mai ka pae ana o uao, prostaglandins, neuropeptides.

Hana metabolites o ka o oxygen

A pae o noa radicals, i mea ku pono i ke alo i loko o kā lākou unpaired electrons, hiki ke komo i loko o pilina me nā nā lātoma, e lawe i ka pololei loa i loko o ka ulu ana o ka hoʻoʻino kaʻina. By o oxygen metabolites, a he hapa o na uao, e like penei:

• he hydroxyl'ano'ē;
• hydroperoxide'ano'ē;
• superoxide anion'ano'ē.

Ke kumu o kēia mau hana waiwai i ka pā, ahu iho o arachidonicʻakika phagocytic stimulation moku hoʻi iaʻu me ia, e like me ka pono me ka'okesaside o liʻiliʻi nā lātoma.

Oxygen ma Metabolites hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i ka hiki ana o phagocytic keena, e luku aku i na konohiki ke kumu'okesaside o nā bipi kūpaluʻia, pōʻino'amino nāʻakika, nukelea nāʻakika, carbohydrates, mahuahua ka vascular permeability. E like me modulators o metabolites ke hoonui li nui a Anati-hoʻoʻino hopena. Ka mea, i ka nui i loko o ka ulu ana o ka maʻi ka maʻi.

neuropeptides

Kēia pūʻulu nā ka calcitonin, neurokinin A, a me ka waiwai, P. kēia mea i ka loa ikeia modulators o neuropeptides. Waiwai hana ole ua ma muli o ka kēia keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

• attraction o neutrophils ma ka li nui;
• mahuahua vascular permeability;
• Help me nā huiʻana ma luna o ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi receptors o neurotransmitters;
• pā lonoaʻili holomua o neutrophils i ka venous endothelium;
• komo i loko o ke kahua o ka eha i ka hoʻoʻino pane.

Ma waho aʻeo ia a pau nā luna, i ka hana uao i nā acetylcholine, adrenaline a me ka noradrenaline. Acetylcholine ua komo i loko o ke kahua o arterial hyperemia, dilates na moku ke koko i loko o ka ipu ahi pathologies.

Norepinephrine a me ka epinephrine hana like modulators o ka li nui, inhibiting i ka ulu ana o ka nui o vascular permeability.

Ka hooulu ana o ka hoʻoʻino muli o mea,ʻaʻole i ka 'aʻe' ana i ka meaola. Ma ka aka, ia mea he PAaIEN i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana e Makuakane me ka hana.