Hui, kēia hua'ōlelo i loko o flowering mea kanu. Pehea e KamakawiwoʻOle mea kanu

I ka pau ana o ka Mesozoic, a me ka Cretaceous wā o ka Honua i ka biomass ua wehewehe aku ma ka domination a me ka laulā dispersal o ka hou lala o ka evolution o ka līoho - angiosperms, a flowering mea kanu. Ke kumu no keia kŰia ua i ka kūikawā hana i loaʻa i loko o ka arsenal o ka 'ole o ka pae.

I kēia lā, pua, anoano, a na huaai, a ka mea, e haawi aku, e ole wale he nui loa o ka meaʻai kaula loa biogeocenosis, akā, i ke kumu o ka ai na kanaka, lāʻau maka mea, aneiai mea, a no laila, ma luna o. Aia, ua oi aku mamua o 250 tausani angiosperms a nei i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ke ola ano (laau, kumu waina, lāʻau ikiʻai, ka nalu) a me ka noho kokoke nā wahi a pau o ke ao nei, 'âinapuni a me na' âinapuni.

Mea Maluna o angiosperms

ka hua'ōlelo hui, ma ka flowering kanu - ka pua iho. Ua ua ma luna o kona 'ole, helehelena, me pono me ka helu o nā morphological huapalapala o ka holoʻokoʻa oihana o na angiosperms ua maheleia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE papa elua:

1. Monocots. Aia nō ma kahi o 63 tausani? Ueony, hui i loko o 122 mau ohana. Nō hoʻi, i ka papa ninoieo o 3 tausani hanau. Ka loa, he pono ole 'ohana: kiliala, Liliaceae, ovoid, Palm, Orchids, Sedge, Bromeliads, Nymphaeaceae, kekahi pahūpahū a me na mea e ae.
2. Dicotyledons. More ma mua o 190 tausani? Ueony, hui i ka 10 000 hanau a me 418 mau ohana. Ka loa, he pono ole o ka mea hope: Cruciferous, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, kumu waina, a me hahai Legumes, Solanaceae, mamalu a me na mea e ae.

I kaʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau papa mea i loko o ka 'ole o nā pua, kumu, lau. Ke aneiai waiwai o kēia mau mea kanu, ua nui loa (ka hua a me ka hana 'ike loea nō hoʻi loko nā mea hana o ka home, hale pono, make, laau lapaau, etc.), e like me ke kūlana ma ke ano.

Evolutionary HOU i loko o ka 'ole o ka

O ka mea mau. He mau kailaʻae mea i 'ae' angiosperms noho no laila, i lohe nui i loko o ke ao nei, e ai Hardy a, a hakuloli i na habitats a climatic? Aneie ana.

1. ka hua'ōlelo hui, ma ka flowering mea kanu - pua a me nāʻano a ma hope o ka hua. Ka hua Ua hoomaluia, uhiia paha huaʻiʻo pepaʻoʻoleʻa kaha onionio, a haawi mai i ka lanakila nui i ka ola? Ueo a me kā lākou dispersal.
2. Aʻano o kāu kiʻina hana o vegetative propagation.
3. He 'ano o ka pollination.
4. Ka hoʻololiʻana o ka mea kipi 'ole i ka pilikia? Aneie keia (wi, excessive ona mau, ao alohilohi i lā a me ka nele o, anu, etc.). Ua holomua ka vascular'ōnaehana, pua, anoano, hua, aa ikaika, a no laila, ma luna o.
5. Ke 'ano o ke ola' ano apau loa.
6. Propagation o ka flowering mea,ʻaʻole e kaukaʻi ma ke alo o ka wai.

A pau kēia mau hiʻona ae i kēia mau mea kanu, e noho ma ka aina, ma na wahi, a lilo i luna i waena o ka flora.

Reproductive hui, o ka flowering

ka hua'ōlelo hui, ma ka flowering mea kanu - ia mea he pua, a laila ka hua e uhi ana i ke aʻoʻia hua. Hiʻona o ka pua 'ole, kona pono'ī nona mall māhele, ki ina hana like o ka pollination a me ka? Acaeoey - pau keia i ka angiosperms kū hoʻokahi poe koa e ae i waena o nā mea kanu ma ka reproductive kuleana pili i.

No ke kanaka i pua - mea he aesthetic ike lea ana, i hiki ke loaa, e haawi a me ka hooluolu ia hai, e Inhale konaʻoluʻolu aroma. Naʻe, ka mea nui i loko o ke ano o keia kanu'ōiwi Ua maopopo - ka hui, o ka hua'ōlelo i loko o flowering mea kanu. Ke ooieoeiiaeuiia manaʻo nui me ka nānā 'ana i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka fertilization a? Acaeoey o na sporophytes o ka hua.

Ka 'ole o ka pua

Flower a me ka hua o kekahi lala o ka angiosperms i loko o nā hale a ingeniously hāpai a me ke aloha. Ke me ka hui pu ana o na wahi a pau o ka mea kanu e leie aku e hana reproductive oihana i piha, nānā 'ole o ke aniau a me ka' ē aʻe abiotic? Aneie aʻe.

E ka mea mau hiʻona o ka pua 'ole iā mākou noʻonoʻo.

1. anei i Unit:

• peduncle;
• wahi.

2. lau ke keʻena. Hana sepals (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO omaomao), a me petals ho okumu i ka corolla. Kona waihoʻoluʻu paha e loa okoa mai keʻokeʻo i ka pouli poni.

3. ka generative wahi. Reproductive nā loko, kaulike i ka'ōlelo o ka flowering. Ua pistils, stamens, ka ovary.

Mawaho o ka papa kuhikuhiE generative eiiiiiaiou demarcated a hoomalu perianth. Kēia 'ole nā:

• kiaha o sepals;
• corolla o petalsʻulaʻula.

Perianth hiki e hookahi paha papalua, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mea kanu? Ueo. Ua loaʻa he nui helu o kekahi waiwai, nui mea kāhinu, pigments (carotenoids, xanthophylls, chlorophyll, anthocyanins, a me nā antofeinov). Kaʻoi loa no ka mea, o keia pua exudes he ala e,ʻo pollinators. Corolla i He okoa ka nui a me ka 'ia nā pōpō, ia mea i nui ke lure nā mea kolo, na manu, na holoholona.

'Ana reproductive nā loko flowering kanu ninoieo o gynoecium a me ka androecium, ma lalo o uhi o ka perianth. Androecium - he ohi ana i na stamens, ae hana i ka hana o ke kane reproductive hui,. Stamens na mea 'ole, na poe ma ia mau hale:

• staminal filament;
• 'uhūʻuhū o halves mau hui ma ka courier;
• microsporangia - lewa i loko o ka anther, ma i ke kaʻina hana o ka microsporogenesis a me ka microgametogenesis (ho okumu ana o sperm a me microspores).

Ma hope o ka paa ia lŘlŘ staminal filament anther peduncle, e loaa hou mai o ka mahuaola a me metabolic huahana. Ke kūpono microspores a laila i hanaʻia kāne sporophyte. Sperm hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka lepo (particles), a e lawe 'ana i loko o fertilization a me ka hua ho okumu.

Flower gynoecium i hanaʻia ma ka ohi ana a pau o kona constituent pistils. Kēia 'ole mea nui, e like me ka mea ho, e like me ua oleloia, o ka wahine reproductive hui,. Ke pistil ninoieo o:

• ovary;
• kia ao;
• stigmas.

Ovary - 'ole, a' ano apau loa i ka widest loa o ka pistil. Ka loko Ua hana ovules komo i loko o ke kahua o ka pericarp. I loko o kēia mau hale a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana megasporogenesis megagametogeneza kānāwai. ¶ A i loko o ka ovary ia lŘlŘ kaʻina hana o ka fertilization a me ka hua ho okumu, kona ulu ana.

Kolamuʻai i hiki e kekahi mau nui like 'ole. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka' ōlelo ma waena o stigma a me ka ovary. Wehewehe aku ma ka sterility, i mea e hoʻomau ana i loko o ka moe kaʻina.

Ke stigma Ua pūliki pono aʻela i ka lepo e hina mai na stamen anther. I ka nui a me ka helehelena o kēia mau wahi loli aʻe, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ke kanu pollination.

Flowering mea kanu: nā'ōlelo

Flower e hoʻohui pū i kekahi helu o stamens a me pistils. Aia nō kekahi laha 'ma i loaʻa nā wale stamens a me pistils wale - e ka poe i kaheaia ke kane a me ka wahine kekahi me kekahi.

He aha hou aʻe mea hana hoihoi 'flowering mea kanu? Nā'ōlelo, ka mea i lilo nā kiʻie a asexually, 'ole. E. Vegetatively. About ke keka ia mea, ina komo ka reproductive wahi. Oia kekahi kaʻina ua kapaia papalua fertilization.

Kona Mānoa, he wahi like penei. Ma hope o pollination, momona mea kanu (hana) pollen aina ma ka stigma, a paa ma laila ma ka h ÷ meakino a me ka hana Padfolio eiiiiiaiou. A laila, kūnihi aeea hoʻomaka e ulu i loko o ia, ho okumu i ka pollen Tube. He no ka mea, iā ia e kiʻi mau ovaries sperm me haploid 'ia paha o nā chromosomes. Noho ma loko o ka ovule, kekahi o i merges me ka hua manu, maopopo hana, a hoomakaukau iho la laua no keia kaʻina. No laila, he mea he zygote - diploid, a ma hope haawi ala i ka hua.

Ka lua o ka sperm fuses me ka ovule loko diploid halepaahao, ma ka konu. Ka hopena o ka endosperm. ʻO kēia keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka hoʻokō 'reproductive kuleana pili i:

• o ovule integuments hana testa;
• carpel pā pōhaku kumu kuahene pericarp;
• ovule pepa a pau ka poe mamo e like me ka a pau.

Ka hopena o ka ulu ana o na anoano i loko o ka hua.

Nā Papahana O Ka pollination

Aia nō kekahi mau kumu o koho ma i na aina pollen ma ka stigma. No laila, e nana ma aoao o ka pollination o angiosperms:

1. Pakiko-pollination - me ke komo ana o na kanaka.
2. Me ke kōkua o ka makani.
3. Mahalo i nā mea kolo, na holoholona, na manu.
4. Hoʻohana 'ana i ka wai.
5. ʻimi hoʻopunipuni pollination - me ke kōkua o ke kanaka.

cloning

lawe nā'ōlelo o nā waihoʻoluʻu ua hoi mai vegetatively,ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka 'īnea i keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Mau loa like aoao. ʻO lalo laina mea e hoʻohana i kaʻokoʻa pakele wahi (aʻa, lau, anei i). Kekahi o ka loa, he pono ole koho:

• layering;
• mustache;
• pakuiia auanei lakou;
• aʻa;
• lau a me ka petiole.

Ka hapa nui o kēia mau kiʻina hana ua hoʻohana 'ia e kanaka ma ke dilution o kaʻai a me ka hua meakanu.

Na hua o ka angiosperms

Kekahi mau mea kanu - kekahi mau anoano. Ke 'ole o kēia' ole mea like, akā, i ke kinona, haku mele 'ana, waihoʻoluʻu e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. Eia hou kekahi, mea kanu hiki e makahiki a me ka perennial. 'O ka paʻi wale ma na anoano, i oo ai, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO i ka hopena o ke kauwela. Penei, he hou ka hanauna e hōʻike wale nō i loko o ka kela ulu wa pono. Na anoano o ka makahiki pua i pinepine ia e kanaka no kekahi mauʻano o ornamental mea kanu. Ka hope nā asters, eschscholzia, marigolds, begonias, datura, calendula, laau, Cosmo, miralibis, a he nui na mea e ae.

Na hua o ka flowering

Flower a me ka hua - i ka nui loa hapa o na angiosperms. Ka mea, ae kēia mau mea kanu nei i loko o kekahi ana, e hoʻomano hakuloli a me ka lehulehu.

hua o nā mea kanu kapa hoʻohanohano ma ke 'ano nui o ka laha', kā lākou hookolokolo, Mea Maluna a me ka manaʻo? anoee e botanists a pau ma luna o ka honua, ua kapaia ka 'epekema o ia carpology. Ka loa, he pono ole i na hua, pohaku hua, kii onohi, melon, granatina, pod, me ka pī weevil, leaflet, lionfish, Hesperides, a me na mea e ae.