I ka makahiki i kūʻai liloʻia aku Alaska ia Amerika? Alaska moʻolelo

I ka moolelo o ka kuai ana o Alaska nō he nui noonoo i kekahi o ka loa pohihihi Lūkini hana. Kekahi manaoio i ka aina kuai o no ka Empress Ana II. 'Ē aʻe e manaoio i ka mea, ua i kuai ia Alaska USA, a ua haawiia mai ma ka manao paa o kaʻaha apana no ka hipa he kanaiwakumamaiwa makahiki. Hou, akā, i ka'āina Lūkini, aʻaʻole hoʻi i. Inā mua i loko o ka manawa o ka Soviet Union kakauolelo mau i makemake ole Brezhnev, e lawe ia i hope.

Akā, inā e hoomanao ka makahiki kuai lilo Alaska ia Amerika, ka mea, ua ike ia Ana i kēia mea pili 'ole. He alii iho la oia Rusia i kēia wā o ka Emperor Alexander II. A ka mea, ua pâʻani 'o ia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kūlanaʻano nui i kekahi E hoomana aku ai i nā luna. Kēia Lūkini tsar ua hoopiiia o ia ka mea, aneane haawi mai i ka nui ?? eoi? Ee. Akā, pehea pono mea, ua maoli like me ka ano o ia kenekoa triangle hana Alaska-Rusia-US, ka kūhelu moʻolelo he mea hoʻokahi wale nō kēia, kekahi lāliʻi o i mea nō na mea ike ole i na mea he nui.

Tilly

ʻO ka schoolboy ike i ka Peninsula - anu a me ka kalakala aina, kahi malaila mea Artic, a subarctic aniau cii. I hoʻohalahala winters me ka makani a me ka hau blizzards ma ke kihi o ke kikeke ana ilalo - ke kūmau. Kēia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau: e mea nui wale no ka i noonoo ai i kahi o Alaska. Ke wale nō koe o ka hapa uuku wale no o ka Pacific kahakai, ma ke aniau ka mehana a me ia mea pono no kanaka ola. Nā Alaska nā moku'āina ' o North America i ai i ka mokuna me Canada. Eia hou, e nā ka Aleutians, i ka ilio hihiu, ka Trinity, a me ka Alexander pae Islands. I keia Peninsula mea he wahi paiki loloa o ka aina e holo mai ana ma ka Pacific kahakai, ua pili i ka pilikia Dixon e komo ai. Heʻaneʻi, a me ka kekahi o na mau poo loa mua i loko o ke ao nei - o Juneau.

Alaska - Rusia

US kapaʻia kēia māhele 'āina i wale me "Russian Amerika." Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia für poe kalepa lilo increasingly hōʻike hoihoi i loko o Alaska. Ua i loko o ke kakahiaka sixtiesʻaneʻi ma Unalaska Island, hoʻokumu i ka Lūkini kauhale, a, o ka papa, i ka awa ma i i koʻu mau e kuai für. I ka 1784 i ke kalepa a me kaʻImi Loa Grigory Shelikhov ma ka pololei i hoʻonohonoho 'ia kekahi huakaʻi no ka aina, oiai i ka mokupuni o kēlā kūkulu i ka noho.

I ka pau ana o ke kenekulia mākou i hele mai iʻaneʻi i nā hoʻokele Europa, ka poe i hiki i hoao e hai aku Paniolo kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana ma luna o kekahi mau mea o Alaska. Eia naʻe, i nā hualoaʻa ka mea, i loaʻa. A me keia la e pili ana ia i loko o kēia mau wahi e hoohalike ai wale i kekahi mau pili-maoli Leeuwerikplein inoa, e like me Port Valdez.

Shelikhov no oia i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope, ua hoʻoili i ka hoʻolālā o ke kalepa hui no ka hooulu ana o Alaska, no ka hanaia'na o ka i i ea ae ka hana ma ke 'ano o ka Pelekania East India. Ua Ua hoʻokumu i ka 1799 a me kona mua poo o ka lānai hou lilo Alexander Andreyevich Baranov, ka mea mahope mai o ka hopena o eighties poe Lūkini industrialists ma Amerika. Ua i ka mea nana i hoʻokumu mau Luna Hooponopono ma Alaska, me he laekahi ua hoʻopau akula, i i laila, kapa i ke kulanakauhale o luna'ānela.

Na hana o ka lehulehu me ka a pau i ka pālua ano. Ma ka kekahi lima, ua komo i loko o predatory lawaia für, akā, i ka mea ia manawa ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana i loko o kekahi mau mea o arable ka mahiʻai a me ka holoholona, i ka'āina. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka ewalu haneri keia ha awina complicating i ka paio me 'Amelika a me ka Pelekāne kāne i mākaukau i ka kūloko Kupa Maoli kanaka e kaua aku i ka Lūkini.

I ka 1824, Rusia kakauinoa i ka moʻo o ka ae like ana me na aupuni o ka US a me Enelani. Kēia mau palapala ma ka aina pae Ho'ākāka 'na palena o ka Lūkini waiwai ma North America. A hiki i ka manawa, ia Alaska lilo 'Amelika, ka mea, ua emi o eha a me ka hapalua makahiki.

paakiki kulana home 'ole

I ka 1861, ka makahiki i loko o Rusia, e like me ka makou i ike, o ka abolition o serfdom. E uku i ka uku ana i ko lakou mau konohiki, e like me ka uku i nā koina o ka poe, ka Emperor Alexander II i haʻakoiʻia i loko o 1862, e noi mai Rothschild ma elima hapa haneri no ka makahikiʻumikumamālima miliona paona. Naʻe, ka mea kālā magnates koke i mea e hoʻi, a me nā aliʻi waihonakala ua nele.

Ka loa mua he Initiative ke komo pū i ke kuai ana, akā, e aho e pili Alaska ia Amerika, olelo N. Muravyov-Amur - ke Kiaaina-nui o Hawaiian Siberia. Ua hiki i ka MH 1853, o ka makahiki. E like me ia, i ka hana ua wale inevitable. Akā, laila, i aku la ia ia i kekahi hoʻolohe. A me ka eha makahiki ma hope, Grand Duke Constantine - ke kaikaina o ka Emperor kaikaina - Alexander i kaumaha aku ai "i kekahi mea kūpono '" e kuai aku. Ka loa hoʻokali kūpono 'mea i ikeia'ku me unexplored akau aina i Russian, ma ka mea,ʻaʻole E ke Kumu.

Ka loa, e hoike aku o ka mokuāhana ma, e like me ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini kuai o Alaska i keia la ike ma na mea he nui i loko o kona mau aoao. Akā, ua mau lā, he oi kumu ma mua o ka mea maopopo: keia nui ?? eoi? I loa e lawe Lūkini kūikawā makahiki a me ka kai otters, kai liona a me nā mea nona ka waiwai für, a ma ia manawa e noho ana i loko o ke koi ma luna o ka honua market, no ka hapanui loa ua pepehi industrialists. Nui, i ka panalaau ia pili kēia ola wale no i ke kokuaia mai e nui ana o ka hau i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Kaleponi. E mālamaʻoukou i kēia icy mokuna o nā luna hoʻolale pūʻali koa a me na ilamuku e hana ana i 'aneʻi, e kūkulu i ka, alahula lepo, ka mea, i ole mea i. Rusia, loa nei ola i ka Crimean War, ua ma kālā pilikia ma hope o ka make.

prehistory

Maoli ai, ka mōʻaukala EYI America Alaska i kona mua, eia hoi, e like no i koe, hoomau aku la kekahi pahu hopu, a ua he maikai kumu. Ua ua ike ia i loko o ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia, ua lawe mai i kēia'āina nui i loaʻa aie i ka für kuai, akā, ma nā sixties o ka mea hookahi kenekulia ua lilo i maopopo i hou koina e me ka nui loa nui ma mua o ke dala Loaʻaʻia he e. Ka mea, e mau i ke e hoolilo ia ma ka banal ka maʻiʻo o keia ?? eoi? Ee,ʻaʻole wale nō, akā, no hoi, e hoomalu ia, a ina oe e hoomanao, ma ka Alaska ma ka palapala, e hiki noonoo ai i na mea o ka hailonaʻana o ke kālā i loko o nā mea a pau i kēia e loaʻa i ka bankrupt Russian aupuni a pau.

elue

Ka oihana moolelo o ke kuai ana o Russian Alaska, mai nei i ka manaʻo o ka mea hana i hele mai, mai ka punawai-ike Lūkini diplomat Eduarda Steklya. Akā, hoomaka ae la kaʻoi loa naʻe i ka manawa, i ka wa o ka UK lilo, e hoike i ko lakou mau kuleana i ka ?? eoi? Ee.

A me ka mea i kekahi kumu Rusia i Ua loa pono e pakele ana i ka aina o ke kukulu akau.

Ka ninau a ina paha kuai Alaska ia Amerika, Lūkini, i keia mea he wahi lihi iki o ka hoopaapaa i loko o ka makahiki. Kekahi leo kahea 1866-la, na mea e ae - 1867-la. Au pono aku nei au i nā o kēia mau lā hoʻopili like i ka aku o ka lanakila.

malu ke kūkā '

Umikumamaono lā o Dekemaba 1866, ma ka overcast gloomy ka hooilo, ka lā o ka Emperor Alexander II i kapaia o ka hālāwai. Ua Ua hele ia e kona kaikaina Prince Constantine, nā mea lawelawe o ka meaola a me ka waiwai oihana, e like me Baron Edouard Stoeckl - Rusia ka elele i Wakinekona. Au pono aku nei au i ka mea i aponoia i ka manaʻo o nā komo o ke kuai ana, a kākoʻo. Maoli, mai keia manawa ia i hoomaka ai e pili ana i Alaska i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Initially kali lā palena pau pono Lūkini-American poe, alaila, - ka American Kanawai War. Aka hoi, o ka umikumamawalu ma March 1867, i ka makahiki o ka 'Amelika Peresidena Johnson ma hope o ka noonoo ua lilo kakauinoa ke kānāwai ma luna o ka hoolilo ana o kūikawā mana ia William Seward. E like me ka manaʻo o ke Kuhina Waiwai, ua hoʻokumu a me ka palena iki paepae kumukuai o Alaska: elima miliona rubles. A pule ma hope, i ka Lūkini Emperor, e kukulu ana i na palena o ka moku'āina, Stoeckl hoouna ai i Amelika no ka oihana hoopii i ke Kuhina o State Seward. Ma hope iho o ia, e hele koke hoʻomaka 'ana ke kūkā' lawe wahi, a ma ia mea, ua hiki i ka ae ma ka aelike no ke kuai ana o Alaska, mai ka Lūkini moku'āina no ka ehiku miliona dala.

KeʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me tsarist Rusia

Ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaʻina hana o ka kuai ana o Rusia ka pili me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i kona climax. ʻO ka US ua pinepine 'aloʻahia iloko o ka Crimean War, ina o ka mokuna e kue hoʻonui,ʻaʻole ka mea, e lawe Anati-Russian kūlana. Hoihoi e kuai Alaska i paʻa i loko o hohonu mahuka. Surprisingly, ma ia manawa mua he lawa kiʻekiʻe o ka haole akamai 'ike i ekolu aina ua ole pūnāwai. Ka London "Times" kakau iho loa nui kou manaʻo e pili ana i ka mea pohihihi manao lokahi walohia, e ala ana ma waena o ka US a me Rusia. Ke hou i ke kālā i uku no kēia mau akau'āina, i loko o ka pōkole manawa ua uku aku, me he kaʻakālai hua hoʻohui mai i kēia hana a me ka hiki ole ke olelo, ia oukou wale i e noonoo ai i na wahi o ka Alaska ma ka palapala 'āina.

'ōhumu mai Beritania i ho'āponoʻia: ka berita o ka 1867, ka makahiki,ʻaʻole wale nō i hana ai i kēia mau koke hoalauna mau'āina, akā, no hoi i ka mea e hiki no Americans mai nāʻaoʻao a puni i ka waiwai Pelekania ma ke kūkulu'ākau. Ua pākuʻi wahie i ke ahi, a me ka i ana Uelbridzha Amelikaʻalihikaua i ka ahaaina awakea, aoao i loko o ka hanohano o ka Lūkini'aheʻelele. Kona ano ua kēia: i loko o ke ao nei, he mau nui hemisphere, Western a me ka hikina, a me kekahi pono e kû ana i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me ka lua - Rusia. Maoli ai, ka mea, ua wale he lahilahi kalaiaina hihiu o nā hua'ōlelo, akā, i ka mea i koe i Russian seriously kākoʻo i ka Americans i loko o kā lākou elevation.

pololei hoolilo

I ka hōʻailona o ka berita i ke kanakolu o Malaki 1867, i ka makahiki ma Washington. He Ua koho 'ia ma ka' ōlelo Palani a me ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia, a ma ka manawa i ka' ōlelo o ka diplomacy. He hana hoihoi i ole kūhelu kikokikona ma Russian wale mai nei. Ma lalo o nā hua'ōlelo o ka aelike, hiki i Amerika e holo i ka Alaska Peninsula i piha, e like me kona Hawaiian loloa laula, he umi mile ma ka hema.

Ke US Senate, aole nae ia i kanalua i ka naauao o ia i kūʻai, akā, i ka hapanui o kona mau lala kākoʻo i ka hana.

ʻumikumamāwalu October 1867 Alaska i ua kauoha aku haawiia ma i ka Americans. Ma kaʻaoʻao Lūkini kakauinoaia A. A. Peschurov ma lalo o ka Hola Pūnaewele ma ka hoololiia ana o ka ?? eoi? - he kūikawā aupuni Komisina, i ka luna o ka lua o ka huakaʻi. He hana hoihoi, akā, i kēia lā i hoʻolauna, a me ka Gregorian mau lā 'alemanaka. No ia mea, Alaskans Wake o ka umikumamawalu o Okatoba, naʻe noho iho la i ka lima o Okatoba. No laila, ina o ka ninau a ina paha, i loko o ka makahiki kuai lilo Alaska ia Amerika, i ka pane mea maopopo, ia i ka lā o ka hōʻailona o ka aelike hiki ole ke olelo mai.

mysticism

ʻumikumamāwalu October 1867, ka makahiki i hapalua i hala ekolu ma ka auina la i wahi i ka loli ana o ka hae ma ka pahu hae ke aupuni 'ma ke alo o ka hale o ke alii kiaaina o Alaska. Russian a Amelika kaua hoalaala ia i loko o ka lalani, a me ka hoailona no kekahi ole-Komikina'Āina luna, mai kēlāʻaoʻao, hoomaka ae la lakou ma kekahi wahi hae hoalaia mai i nā lā o Lūkini-American kai eʻe. Ka hana pili i wahi i loko o ka lewa o ka nui luuluu io no, nae, a hiki i ka hae ua hihipeʻa kēia i ka luna ma ke kaula, i ole i haki pena.

By mea o kekahi mau luina a holo lokahi e piʻi mai, e ho'āʻo e unravel i ka lole, i ke koena o ka hae e kau ana ma tatters ma ke kia. Akā,ʻaʻohe i kekahi hoʻomaopopo hooho lalo luina Kelemania e, mua dolezshemu mua ona, no laila ia i i i haawi mai i ka hae i lalo, a me na waimaka makemake me ia. A i ka wā ma luna o ia mea, hoʻokuʻu, ka hae hina iho la ma ka Lūkini bayonets. Mystics kēia hana 'ina ua manao ka hoailona, akā, i ka manawa i kekahi ana, e noʻonoʻo ai, no ka mea. I mau, ka mōʻaukala o ka hoolilo ana o Alaska America lāʻau malumalu ma na tausani o nā kaʻao a, akā, he nui loa o ia mea,ʻaʻole heʻoiaʻiʻo.

Aniani, a me kona kii ana

A nui kūlana ma ke kuai ana o Alaska hoʻokani i ka diplomat aniani. Mai ka makahiki 1850, ua mālama aku me ka uku ole d'Affaires o ka Lūkini kauoha malu i loko o ka US, a me ka mai 1854, ka makahiki hoololiia a hiki i ke kia o ka Lūkiniʻelele. Stoeckl ka wahine a ua 'Amelika, no laila ia i nō noniakahi i loko o ka lani kiekie loa koʻikoʻi a hanohano o' Amelika lehulehu. Ia nui hui 'ana i kokua mai ia ia, ka mea, ka pilina i ka hoʻokō' ana i ka hana. Russian diplomat 'Imi hoʻopaipai no ka pomaikai o ka Lūkini Emperor. I mea e koi aku i ke Senate i ka olelo hooholo, e kuai i Alaska Stoeckl i ke kīpē, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kona pili' o Randy. Alexander II i kauoha mai ai ia ia i ka uku o iwakalua-kumamalima tausani dala, e like me ka wa e ola hoomau o eono tausani rubles.

Edward A. koke ma hope o ke kuai ana o Alaska, e hele mai i St. Petersburg no ka pōkole ana, akā, koke neʻe i Paris. A hiki i ka pau ana o kona ola i ka diplomat ma Lūkini hui, nae, ia ia no hoi. Ma hope o ka mōʻaukala o Alaska ua malamaia ma hope aniani notoriety. A me kēia mau mea a pau kā lākou mau kumu.

Where o ke kala?

Ehiku miliona kanakolu-kumamalima tausani dala - ia mea i ka nui o ua koe no na kope like 7,2 miliona Eduard Stoeckl loaa he kaha, haʻalele oe ia oe iho i ka uku, aneane hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima tausani haawi like lāua i ke kīpē i nā kenekoa i hooholoia no ka aponoia mai, a me ke koena o ke dala hoololiia ma ke kuai kala hoolilo i London. mai St. Petersburg ma kai hele kuai ai no ka holoʻokoʻa dala o ke gula bullion. nalowale kekahi hapa o ka uku ia, a me ka wā hoohuliia mai i ka paona a me ke gula. Akā, ka mea, ua i ka hope poho o Rusia.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE mōʻaukala nīnau mea ole paha, i loko o ka makahiki kuai lilo Alaska ia Amerika, a me ua mea hiki i na dala i loaa mai, mai ka hana i ke kala.

Wauke Orkney, ma ka moku o ka i i lōʻihi-ke kali Lūkini moku'āina no ka ukana, Pohō lākou i kaʻumikumamāono lā o Iulai ia ma ke ala e hiki ai i St. Petersburg i ka 1868, o ka makahiki. He nō ike ole paha ka mea, ua gula ma luna o ia, a me ka mea i haʻalele i ka Albion. A, o ka lapaʻau huakai hai iho ihola ia bankrupt, a no ia mea hoʻopilikia maoli i Lūkini reimbursed wale hapa 'ia'. Ua nele i ka uku i kekahi aie i ka Rothschilds, akā, he nui apana o ka aina tsarist Rusia nae nalowale.

Hewa a me ka speculation

I ka moolelo o Lūkini kuai o Alaska nō produces me ka dukima nā manaʻo a me nā speculations. Mai ka naʻe i mālama 'ia i loko o ka ikaika mahuka, i ka hōʻailona o ka aelike loa pee ai. A me ka pololei o ka makahiki hope i loko o "kalaiaina Yearbook" i paʻiʻia ma ka Palani Convention. Ua mahuka a spawned speculation ma ka wahi mua i hele i ka Amerika Huipuia, ma Alaska hoolimalima no ka hipa he kanaiwakumamaiwa makahiki, a ma hope o ia manawa ia e e hoi aku i Rusia hou. Kēia erroneous mana i lilo ai ingrained i ka wā o kēia wā i hou, ma ka waena o ka hope kenekulia i hoomaka ai e hookani lakou i ke koi, e hoolilo ia i hope. Akā, Eia naʻe, ka mea, ua pono i ka hewa. Alaska ua i ka haehaeʻia mai, a nāna nō i kūʻai ma ka perpetuity.

kūʻiʻo

Interestingly,ʻoʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma luna o nā kenekulia elua i hala 'Imi māhuahua kona mokuna. Mau ike i ka 1803ʻAmelika ma Farani no ka umikumamalima miliona dala Kuai Louisiana, he uuku hope no ka huina o ekolu manawa emi ma mua o ka mea, ua i ka ua Spain ana loaa Hawaii. Kela manawa, he umi makahiki ma hope, i ka 1818, ka makahiki i ka wa a ka māhele o ka "hooilina" i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, mai Mexico hele i ka nui loa o ka ?? eoi? Ee.

No emi kupaianaha, a me ka mea i kekahi kūhelu Alaska moku'āina hoomaka wale i ka 1959, aʻaʻole i ka 1867, ka wā ia i kūʻai liloʻia aku.