I ka moolelo o Lūkini Ballet: ka muli a me ka holomua

Nā kumu o ka Lūkini Ballet, e like kekahi no palapala, i loko o ka haʻa nā loina. Loa paha, oia ka poe kahuna (kela ano keia ano o ka hula) a me ka mea piliwaiwai ( "pereplyas", "Kuma, ma laila ua" a no laila, ma luna o.) Dance. Russian Ballet ua ole wale, hoopaa mai la i ka aesthetic canons, akā, hoi ka i lilo i ka 'Aha'ōlelo i loko o ke ao nei o ka Ballet.

headwaters

Ma Kievan Rus 'ma ka huli ana o VIII-IX kenekulia, hoomaka ae la e hōʻike i nā hula mua,' Oihana i loko o kā lākou mahinaʻai - clowns ... Ma hope o kekahi wā, ka wā i ke poʻo i Moscow, clowns heʻaʻole pono na kanaka.

I XV-XVI kenekulia he kūoʻo hoikeia entertainers me nā maka i hūnāʻia me ka ea paha, no laila,-kapaia "mashkarami" aʻo lua, a kahaha ko oukou naau ma ka kipa haole.

Ma ka XVII kenekulia ia i ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini Ballet ka puka i loko o amusing i ka hale aliʻi o ke Kremlin Kino. E like me ka hookupaa kauoha, kēlā hoakaka i loko o ka hale kiaka ua mau ana mezhdusenyami (kūikawā nā mea hōʻike aku Ballet). Mau ai-kapa entrée hana ia e na kanaka moʻa ma pompous aahu. Nā mea hana keaka hōʻike kekahi kumu o ka ballroom mele.

Ka Tsar ka leʻaleʻa

Ka mua piha-ka unahiʻole, i loko o ballets Rusia ua noʻonoʻo i ka hana ana iā Pepeluali 8, 1673. Ua hiki mai i kaʻiʻo i loko o kekahi hanana o ka pā hale o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a me ka mea i kapaia o "Ballet o Orpheus a me Eurydice." I ka moolelo o ka muli o ka Lūkini Ballet wehewehe ia me he naeaeaa ceremonious kulou, lohi ka haa ana, kakaka a me nā mahele. Ma waena o nā nā mea hana keaka hai aku hoʻopaʻanaʻau olelo a me ka hīmeni. A pau keia mea he uuku, e like me ka maoli moʻolelo keaka wale ana. Ua ua wale he alii leʻaleʻa, mea hoowalewale kona maopopo.

Ia manawa, Gregory I., ke hoʻokuhikuhi o ke keaka, ka'āuna Nicola Lima e hoonohonoho aʻo mau papa no ka moʻolelo keaka wale akamai pū nō hoʻi o ke aliʻi o ka hale kiaka. Ma mua, o ka 10 mamo a maikai burghers, laila, i ka 20, ua ana aʻo, a hōʻike i ke aliʻi ma ka 'aha Ballet hana "Orpheus" i loko o ka Palani kaila.

Ke hana 'ia paha

Wale nō ma hope o ka hapaha o ke kenekulia, Peter I, ua huli e mihi i ka nohona kuʻuna o Rusia, e hookomo ana i ke ola o ke kaiāulu kanaka, Lūkini mele a me ka hula. He nō e ka haʻaheo nō waiwai strata o nā kupa o St. Petersburg. E hana i kēia, o Petero ke hoopau nei au i ka Moscow keaka Alexei Mikhailovich a publishes ka hoʻokahuli aupuni paa. Kēia kānāwai i kaʻaha koi a pau aupuni lapaʻau nāna e aʻo ballroom me ka haa ana, aole ka ole. Mau nā mea hoʻololi Ua i ka oihana o ka hula haku unattainable kiʻekiʻe. Ia ka leo o ka luna hoʻomalu o na aha halawai Ballet koiia helehelena i loko o Ballet hula neʻe aku i hele mai, mai kahi'ē, HOU ma ke ano o ka oihana mua o ke aupuni Slavonic ka hula.

Kākau V. Krasovskaja ( "History o Lūkini Ballet" - LA Art, 1978) manaoio i ka vitality a categorically Peter I loko o ka hale aliʻi keʻena i paa hana o ka Ballet troupes, hoʻokani pila a me ke keaka mele mele kono mai wale aku no.

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1738 i ke kula o ka Ballet i hoʻonohonoho i loko o ke aupuni, a ua lilo ia, ma keia, o ka mua. I ka moolelo o Lūkini Ballet iki e haʻi ana i kēia wā. Puka e hana ana i loko o ka Ballet poʻe o ka haole hoopii ia ma ka ai-kapaia keaka (nā mea hana keaka, Hui). Ua Ua wale nui ma hope ka mea i hoʻokomo i ka papa kuhikuhiE poe.

Ka mua aʻo

Ke cradle o kēia Ballet kakaolelo noonoo i ka Land Gentry mau pūʻali. Ua hana no ka mea kaulana Zhan Batist Landzh, ka mea me kāna mau haumāna i ekolu 'aha hoʻokolokolo ballets. E like me ka moʻolelo o Lūkini Ballet, ka mea, lilo iho laʻaneʻane ka mua Ballet hana, a pau pili kanawai a me na hooponopono ana o ka Academy o Dance Royal ma ka Palani kulanakauhale alii.

Gentry mau pūʻali Cadets i loko o ka me kēia, poluharakternom lyrical, a ma ka mea ia manawa ka hōʻike i ka puke kātuna Ballet troupes, mai Italia Thess kauwahi.

Elizabeth I, ma ka mea,ʻaʻole i ka bipi Ballet hula lilo, wehe i kona mau hula kula o ke aliiwahine hanohano, ka mua 'ia paha o ka a, he 12 keiki a nā maka'āinana.

Ma ka hope o 1742, ka Empress kakauinoaia kauoha e kukulu iho la lakou i ka Ballet troupe o Lūkini e hula. He malaila i ho'ā i ka mua Lūkini hoku - 'oihana Ballet hula: Aksinya Baskakov a me Athanasius Toporkov.

Mai make hope

Ka Make Baptiste'āina lawe mai ka hilahila i ka choreography hana i loko o ke aupuni. Ka hōʻike, a holo no Tesalonike, eia no ka iaʻano a manakā burlesques. Ka Mea Nānā Aʻole,ʻo ole ia mau mea.

I ka moolelo o Lūkini Ballet iki, ho'ākāka 'ia wā. I keia manawa ma Europe he mea kekahi ninau ma ka mihi ana o ka choreographic hihia. Rousseau a me Cinq-Mars pono ka Ballet hula e pakele o lushʻaʻahu, a ea paha i wigs. Diderot ikaika ia kekahi hoʻololi storylines Ballet hana. Ia manawa, Dzhon Uiver, me ke kali ana no ka pono loli, poses he hula hanaia ka noʻonoʻo moʻolelo, a kakau iho la Zhorzh Nover ke kaʻao "palapala o ka hula."

'Aʻole hiki hope a me ka Lūkini Ballet. Keʻano o Hilferding - hooiaio. Kēia German hoʻomalu paa kakou kamailio ana choreography ma St. Petersburg. Ma Paris moʻolelo ballets ikea 15 wale nō makahiki ma hope. Hilferding kōkua Leopold Paradiso. Ma ka 50 la makahiki o ka XVIII kenekulia, ka mea hana i ka kuokoa Ballet hana keaka.

Omaka hana keaka-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo

Ka mua hana keaka ma Lūkini Ballet no ka A. P. Sumarokovu. He hoʻolaha hoolea hula hana ana, ka palapala, ai kumu haku Ballet hana "puuhonua o ka pono" a me ka "New hoailona".

Gasparo Anzhiolini kono King choreographer, mahuahua i ka olinolino o ka Slavic kanaka mele notok e ukuhi i Ballet hana "Fun no Christmas manawa." Ana II nui kiekie e hoohalike ai. I ka 1779, i ka Hale Hoona Kuleana em banc i aponoia i ka Ballet, ke mele no ka i i palapalaia ma ka muli o Slavic nā loina.

Ma hope o ia he weliweli holomua neʻe Anzhilini i laila, hoʻokipa moʻolelo keaka wale-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a i lealea o topical makaainana. Kēia i hana eulogies leo: "Ka lanakila ana o Rusia" (touted luku aku i ka Turkish kaua ma Cahul a me Larga), "The New Argonauts" (nani ode i ka'auwaʻa o ka Russian aupuni a pau) a me "lanakila a kuhi" (i ka puka au o ka pono no ka vaccination ku e rampant puʻupuʻu).

ka mua'ōlohe wiwo Ballet hana "Semira" uuku i make mua hoopakele. Mai ia manawa choreographers i ua uku nui noonoo ana i ka expressiveness o ka Ballet mele. No ka mea hula i ka mea ia manawa ke e mumulu mai, a amusing keaka mele hana o ka ole-moku'āina hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ma ka feria-operatic E hoike mai, i ka libretto no a ka empress iho haku.

No ka mea hou i loko o 1778 St. Petersburg (e like me ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini Ballet, buke vividly kakau i kēia hanana kekahi hanana) hoomakaukauiaʻi nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi ua mau hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni: kalepa "Free Kino" a me ke kahua.

Ka mua puʻukaua pūʻulu

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XVIII kenekulia, ke ano o ka ka Haku i ke akamai o ke mele. A ma ke kakahiaka 1773 ma lalo o ka tutelage o Leopold Paradise i loko o ke kulanakauhale alii ma ka muli o Orphanage wehe i ka mua aʻo oaio, ka mea hope i ka mua lehulehu hale kiaka. Ma ke kau mua, he 60 keiki. Ma ka mea mua choreographic hana kau e Cosimo kaulana Maddox, ke i mai nei i loko o kona puke Yu Bakhrushin.

I ka moolelo o Lūkini Ballet, aʻo, a hōʻike iā lākou i loko o nui au mamuli, piha-kino puʻipuʻi wehe i kēia wā, i ke akamai o ke mele. Maddox me ka hui o ka opiopio, akamai i loko o Rusia, hula o ke kahua i kekahi puke kātuna keaka mele, choreography hoʻolaʻa i maoli hanana (no ka laʻana, "ka lawe ana o Ochakovo"), a me Divertimenti.

E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, koke hoomaka ae la e kūkulu i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni serf. Ma ka hopeʻumi makahiki o ka XVIII kenekulia ka mea, ua i pono-ike nui like serf nā mea hana keaka. Mau pūʻulu Ua pio ka polokalamu Zorich Golovkin, Apraksin, Sheremetyevo, Potemkin a me nā landowners.

Ia manawa i ike ai i ke ana a me ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka wahine hula 'ana i kūpono a me ka noʻeau manao e ho i ka weliweli. Aia kaʻiʻo ma luna o ke kahua loa he hou kauoha, kaʻikena mea e kākau i loko o kaʻoia iʻo kaila, e hoʻohana i ka holoholona hihiu hapa-aka a me ka malamalama.

I ka lanakila o ka Lūkini Ballet

Ua piha a pēlā nō i ka moolelo o ka Russian Ballet o 19-20 kenekulia. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia Ballet nō hoʻokō 'ia i ka waiwai nui o ka i ua mahalo ma o ka hoolohe. Russian ballerina mai i loko o choreography he lauwili anei, hanohano a me ka expressive. Ua Ua loa aptly nana ole aku A. S. Pushkin, hōʻike no ka nani o ka hula e neʻe aku o kona wā, ka hoku o ka Ballet loa, Istomin: "Soul piha o ka holo" (ka hopuna'ōlelo ua e synonymous me ka Ballet). O kana lehalehu t i kona a me ka hiehie o ka hula ana ho mahalo. Ka hapa nui o na nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi hele e like ma Avdotya Istomin.

No emi nani o Lihutina Anastasia, Ana Teleshova, Danilova Mariya.

Ballet hana e ho onui ana hiʻona. Ballet hula, e like me ka no, ka mea, ua makemake ko, a ia anao? Aou moku'āina waihona kālā.

Ma ka lapuwale'ē aʻe ma luna o "realism" o na makahiki 60th o ka hope ke kenekulia, ua uhiia i ka moʻomeheu waiwai. Ke Lūkini keaka hoʻoponopono ulia e hiki mai. Me ka mahalo i na choreographies, aole ia i waiho ia i loko o ka primitivism o ka storyline, a hoʻomaʻa i ka kekahi hula. Hula poe i i ke oo loa ana, e kaumaha i ka hula i loko oʻoia iʻo-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

I ka moolelo o ka Lūkini Ballet hele i ka hou kiʻekiʻe. hoomaka ae la i ka hou me Petra Chaykovskogo, nana i kakau i ke mele i ka mea mua choreographic-i? iecaianoaaiiuo. Ma ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o Ballet, no ka mea mua manawa aloha ua lilo i mea nui e like me ka hula. A iʻikeʻia ma luna o ka par me ka keaka mele mele a me ka symphonic mele. Inā mele i Tchaikovsky i kākau ai ma lalo o ka hula hehee wale, e ka Ballet Mea Keaka plasticity, ka hele a me ka lokomaikai ia i imi e lawe i ka wahine a me ka naʻau i loko loka, ma mua o ke kōkua i ka Mea Nānā e unravel i ka'āina lā, hoʻonohonohoʻia e ka haku mele ka memo. Ke ao nei nō mahalo i ke kaulana "Swan Lake."

Choreographer Gorsky i lawe mai ai i loko o nā mea o Contemporary oihana mua o ke kauoha, aʻu i hoomaka ae la e uku nui noonoo ana i ka noʻeau, Kauaikép ka loa, me ka manaoio aku i ka Mea Nānā e e hoomaopopo bapetizoia i ka mea e hanaia ma ke kahua. He pāpā maila i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka mime hehee wale. Radically hoʻololi i ke kulana Fokine. He ola ae la ia i ka pilialoha Ballet, a i ke kino'ōlelo o ka hula a me ka mōakāka ka horn. E like me ia Fokin, pono e kū hoʻokahi kēlā me kēia posing ma luna o ke kahua. Ie mele, ka hula mika a me kāna kiʻi i ia e kū hoʻokahi i ka kekahi nānaina. I ka makahiki mua o ke kenekulia XX nana ole aku Film kona iecaianoaaiiuo "Aigupita Nights," "Ka makeʻiʻo Swan", "Midsummer Night ka Dream," "Acis a me Galatea" a me na mea e ae.

I ka makahiki 1908 Diaghilev S. P. Fokin kono e lilo i nui ka luna hoʻokele o ka Parisian "Lūkini Wailea". Me keia kono Fokin lilo honua-kaulana. A Lūkini Ballet Artists kila makahiki ma ka lanakila i ka hana i loko o ka Palani kulanakauhale alii. I ka moolelo o Lūkini Ballet hula hoʻomana aku Lūkini troupe, nona ka inoa iʻikeʻia nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua: Adolf Bolm, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, etc. A ia mea i ka emi ana o Europa Ballet.!

Diaghilev i kekahi manawa, a lanakila. He houluulu ai i ka troupe o ka opiopio, a me ka loea Ballet nā mea hana keaka, a haawi aku la ia i ka noa lima. 'Ae i ka hana ma waho o ka? Aieao o ka ike, a kau i ke kaulana, akā, ua hala loa ka wa kahiko Petipa.

Ku okoa ana o ka hana hoʻohana i nā hula e hōʻike a me ka hoike ana ia lakou iho. Ma waho aʻeo ia mau hoʻokahuli aupuni HOU Diaghilev o Laielohelohe i ka meaʻai i ka loa kaulana Artists o kona wā (Jean Cocteau, A. Derain, Picasso) a i ka haku mele (K. Debissi, Ravel, Stravinsky). Ano, na Ballet? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua he masterpiece.

Ma hope o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, he nui na hula a me nā choreographers haʻalele breakaway Russian. Akā, i ka iwi kuamoo i koe. Ua lilo kokoke i na kanaka Lūkini Ballet. Pages o ka moolelo ma hope o ka hana ... ike hou

Ma hope iho o ka waena o ka XX ke kenekulia, ua hoi aku hula a me choreographers o ka hou hanauna a hiki i ka hoohuli Thumbnail hoʻopoina hula, symphony a me ka Ballet i loko o kekahi hana. I ka helu ana o Nuioka ma a me ka hana keaka i mau e ulu ana.

"Ka lanakila", ballerina, Ballet manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Ke kaulana Russian hula Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya i hele mai i loko o kona noho ana hoʻi i loko o ka Lūkini aupuni a pau, September 11, 1915. Ma hope o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua komo, a ma ka makahiki 1933 ana puka 'o ia mai ka Leningrad Choreographic Kula. Ua aʻo ma ka kaulana Vaganova Agrippina. Mai ia manawa a hiki i 1941 Krasovskaja lawelawe Kino. Kirov. Ua mea i'ō i loko o ka ballets o kālaiʻike repertoire.

I ka 1951, Vera M. puka 'o ia mai ka puka kula ma Leningrad Kino Institute. Ostrovsky, ma hope kumu aʻo i ke kumu o ka hale kiaka.

oihana kula i loaa Krasouskaya mua i loko o ka papa o Agrippina Vaganova, laila postnovkah Ballet o ka Mariinsky Kino, a me ka waiwai o ka ike o ka encyclopedic me ka unahiʻole, aristocratic, moʻomeheu kuʻuna a me ka nani loa kauoha o ka'ōlelo (ka 'ōlelo Palani a me ka' ōlelo Pelekānia), hiki ia, e lilo i maikaʻi loa, a maopopo leʻa i ka nui Ballet nō manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

I ka 1998, i ka euanelio hohola iho la ma ka hale kiaka honua. Premium "lanakila ma" eo Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya. I ka moolelo o Lūkini Ballet, a ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka buke (unuhi i kekahi o ia mau mea i loko o na' ōlelo) a me nā 'atikala (300) e like me ke akamai kakaolelo a me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i Vera Mikhailovna e uwa o ka noa "okipoepoe" Russian Achievement. Keia makana ua i hookoia no ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa e piʻi like ma ke akamai a me ka moʻokalaleo.

I ka 1999 Krasouskaya Vera Mikhailovna i hala.

epilogue

I ka moolelo o Lūkini Ballet me ka mahalo hale kūʻai i nā inoa o nā haku o ka hula, ka mea i kekahi, alahula na makana no ke kahua o Lūkini choreography. Kēia notorious Didlo S., M. Petipa, A. Saint-Leon, S. Diaghilev, Fomin, a he nui na mea e ae. A tālena o Lūkini Artists unuhi ae la oia a me kēia lā,ʻo ka nui helu o ka Mea Nānā a puni ka honua.

A hiki i kēia lā, e manaoia ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei Lūkini Ballet poʻe.