Isoamylalcohol

Ke kaupalenaʻana monohydric waiʻona, kekahi o na isomers o pentanol ewalu, - ka mea, isoamyl ka waiʻona (Nine Inch haʻilula - C5H11OH, ka naauao - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, a me empirical - C5H12O). Ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana inoa o ka waiwai - 3-methylbutanol-1. Other na inoa - isopentanol (Isopentanol) a me ka izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

Alcohol Molar nuipa a lākou, 88,148 g. / Mol. Ma helehelena ia meaʻawaʻawa loa-maʻemaʻe, akaka, colorless wai i mea māmā ma mua o ka wai. I ka pa apŘ o ka waiwai maʻemaʻe ma 20 ° C - 0,8104 g. / Cm³. Isopentanol heheʻe i ka wela o ka hua 117,2 ° C eia kekahi kapuahi ma 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl waiʻona o kekahi o na isomers ekolu o amyl waiʻona, a mea iki maikaʻi ma mua o ke koena i ka wai wailana. Kona solubility i loko o ka wai, he 28 g. / Ho'āo ai. I hui pūʻia me ka acetone, diethyl me Etera, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, aceticʻakika (mauʻaʻei). Hōʻeuʻeu (viscosity) waiʻona mea 3.692 mPa • mau. Isopentanol mea he ahi p ÷ ino substance (keia flammable wai). Kona pahū palena 1,2-9%, waihonaʻike wahi - 42 ° C eia kekahi, autoignition - hoʻohui 350 ° C.

Isopentanol o ke kumu nui ke keʻena o ka fusel aila (ka mea, ua hanaʻia ma ka hana o ka ethanol), a me ka mea, ua hoomakaukauia mai a. Alcohol? Iecaianoaaiiuoʻano hana ninoieo i ka paio hahana maoli nō i ka maka mea e wehe i ka malamalama welau (mua azeotrope i puhi ia ethanol-wai, alaila, me ka mahuahua i puhiʻia i azeotrope wai mahana-butanol). Hou hahana maoli nō kēia i loko o ka evaporator e leie aku e līkaia isoamyl ka waiʻona, a me ka mea i koe kaumaha koena ua hoouna e hoomaunauna. E hoʻololi i ke kaʻina kiko'î (wela, etc.) e hoʻomalu aku ka pono o ka huahana hope loa. Ka hopena isopentanol me ka nui hapa iki o ka 3-methylbutanol-1 i 99,0% (GOST 5830-79) 'ole 80% (Li 2421-004-20992222-98).

Ma ke alo o ka hōʻeleu, a ua hoʻohana like sulfuricʻakika, isoamyl ka waiʻona reacts me mauʻaʻei aceticʻakika. Ka helu kaulike hiki ke kākau i loko o ka palapala penei: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. Kēia naoh He mau inoa: Fischer naoh a esterification naoh. I ka hopena o ka ester (isoamyl'ākeka) a me ka wai. Kaʻakika ion mail kēpau hiki ke hoʻohana i hōʻeleu kahi o sulfuricʻakika. Isoamyl'ākeka mea heʻimi hoʻopunipuniʻono, a ua hoʻohana 'ia e ai hoao o ka maiʻa. Eia hou kekahi, e lawelawe 'ana me ka'ūheheʻe no nitrocellulose lacquers kekahi hoʻohana (pheromones) e,ʻo nui hui o ka nalo meli ma luna o ka uuku wahi. Ma, piliʻoluʻoluʻala a me ka haahaa kaʻawahia, isoamyl'ākeka ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoao i ka laulā o respirators a ea paha.

Isoamyl waiʻona mea he lāʻau, ka mea i make. Kona ohu e keʻano ukiuki i ka mucous membranes o ka naehana'āpana, ma o na la me ka puʻu a me ka dyspnea. He palapala ina moni ai ana. Hiki i Central ko mākou hopohopo kahua kaumaha. No ka mea hapanui loa e ae mai ka waiʻona i kaʻapu kōheoheo i ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, maʻiʻaʻai, maka, ili. Hoʻolōʻihiʻia ai ka puana hui 'ana me ia, hiki aku ai i ka ili dryness a me ka degreasing. E like me ka hopena o ka 'ai, inu ia lŘlŘ gastrointestinal mea ukiuki loa me ka nausea, ka luaʻi, a diarrhea. Hit iā ia i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai hoohele Nine Inch pneumonitis me ka ona e hoʻokūkū. Narcotic ai ia lŘlŘ me symptoms o ka headache, nawaliwali, pōniuniu, poho o ka ike paka i. E like me ka hopena, i ka luahi ke hāʻule i loko o ka coma.

Inā isoamyl waiʻona i loaʻa i loko o kou mau maka, ka mea, i ka lōʻihi manawa (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 15 minuke), holoi iho la me ka nui o ka wai, a imi 'inikua kōkua. I ka wa e komo ai i ka ili, e hoi holoi mau'āpana me ka wai. E wehe aʻe ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ke kapa a me nā kāmaʻa. Inā e hoʻomōhala ana i mea ukiuki loa a me ka pilikia, alaila, imi 'inikua noonoo. Lole ma mua hoʻohana hou pono holoiia. Inā ale, kiʻi 'inikua kōkua koke. Mai induce ka luaʻi ole kauoha e hana ai ma ka 'inikua nā limahana. An unconscious kanaka, aole e haawi i kekahi mea ma ka waha. Inā ka luaʻi ia lŘlŘ maoli ai, ka luahi hilinai mua. Inā kaʻapu kōheoheo hui isoamyl ka waiʻona i ke hoʻomanawanui lawe mai i ka hou lewa. Inā ka mea, ua i ha, i ka CPR. Inā hanu mea pilikia i ka oxygen. Lapaʻau o kōkua Ua koi 'ia! Ke kauka prescribes mea symptomatic a kākoʻoi ka hana.