Ka mua nuipa pilikino kamepiula. I ka moolelo o ka pilikino kamepiula

Ua lilo ke kamepiula i integral hapa o na ola he nui kanaka o ka. Akā, i kekahi manawa, o ka PC ua mea lahaʻole a noonoo, ia mea ou no i ka mea kiʻekiʻe lilo a me ka 'ikepili pilikino loea. Eia naʻe, ma manawa, ua loaʻa i nā initiators o ka hou 'ana o kekahi' aoʻao pilikino kamepiula i loko o ka papakaukau hoʻoluku. Mahalo i ka mea a ka PC i lilo ole ai i ka laulā huahelu o kânaka o enehana kikohoʻe, e like me ano o kanaka, ka poe i seemingly hiki pono ke hana ole ia? I kamepiula 'ē aʻe ua manaoia e ia i ka mua ma ka helu o ia nā manaʻo hoʻoholo?

'Oihana no ka mua wahi

Hana kēia hui kūkāʻana e pili ana i ka mea i ka mua nuipa a-hua mai la i ka lolouila, mai hooki i kēia lā. 'Oihana i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka momoku ahi i ua i ka huina hoonui, a ua lilo hoʻomano replicated pcs i loaʻokoʻa.

Poe akamai i manaoio i ke ki ana, i mea hiki ke möakäka hou i ka maʻi pūhā, ai ka mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo e noonoo i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'manawa make o ka huahana no ka nuipa market. Ia mea, he kamepiula ua lilo hoʻohana i ka 'ē aʻe kuai (e ho'ōla lilo ana nuipa) - aʻo ia e, e like me keia hoʻomanaʻo, ka mea mua e e noonoo. Nolaila, mākou pahuhopu nui - e makaikai i ka pili mōʻaukala ikepili.

Ka mua PC

Ka wā he mau, ma ka mea, o ka PC mua - ina nuipa a kanaka? E pili ana i kēia pukana o kēia hui kūkā e kokoke oi ikaika ma mua i loko o ka hihia a me ka wehewehena o ka poe kamepiula 'ē aʻe e i lilo i ke kūlana o ka unconditional hoʻomano replicated. Okoa XAaOOEN, hōʻikeʻana i kekahi o ka poe i hookuu ia i ka PC mua, a hiki laila,ʻo ia ua ikeia oia i loko o ka moku'āina. Pela, he mea hoike ia i ka makahiki 1968, he lunaʻenehana mai Omsk, Arseniy Anatolevich Gorohov, Palapala Sila Nui i ka Me manaʻo, ke 'ole ka mea i like loa me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia PC. It keia kanaka hoʻoponopono'ōnaehana pa alima me kaʻikepili lawe, e like me lolouila eiiiiiaiou no e like oihana motherboard a me ka wikiō kāleka hipa kāne hoʻokahi. Naʻe, ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole ua i hele i loko o? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Ka mua PC mai Apple

E paa ana ia Hawaii, ma a ka mua piha-fledged PC i invented hou i loko o ka United States -ʻo ia, ma nā hana o Steve Jobs a me Steve Wozniak, ka poe i mohai aku i ke ao nei i kū hoʻokahi, ke manaʻo PC ma lalo Apple momoku ahi i loko o ka makahiki 1976.

Ka mua kamepiula 'ē aʻe Apple i kauoha mai nui Lako lewa - hale noho, kanaka hoʻoponopono, pōkole. Akā, ma ka mea o ka ipu ka mea, hiki pono hana. Naʻe, i ka makahiki 1977 i ke kuai i ee Apple II kamepiula, ka mea, ua i ke kumukūʻai. Kēia mau manaʻo, e like me ka nui IT-hoʻomalu a me nā enthusiasts o ka kamepiula mōʻaukala, Ua pahuhopu nei me ke kūlana o ka nuipa a. He aha aʻole ia ke ano o? Ka mea i Apple PC hāpana o 1976 - he mea hiki, a me ka mea o ka mua nui pilikino kamepiula. Hahai koke kūlana i loaʻa i ka laulā huahelu o mea hoʻohana kuai Apple II kamepiula.

Ka mua PC mai IBM

Akā, ma ka manao ana o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka ha awina i nā hualoaʻa ma ka likeʻole ma o counterarguments. Mawaena o lakou i ka poe e i pahuna ma hana nui Apple Poʻokela Honua kūlana i loko o ka lākiō o ka auoiaea ma luna o ke kuai, e like me ia he PC, maopopo ua lāʻau hahau. Ua uaʻike ia i ka 1975 - mua ka mea, ua manaʻo mai Apple, IBM i kauoha aku e paka i kekahi kamepiula kumu hoʻohālike o ka 5100. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ke alo aku o ke kuokoa kanaka hoʻoponopono, heʻikepili lawe, e like me ka keyboard, a no laila loa pahuhopu nei, ua manaoio no enthusiasts o ka kamepiula mōʻaukala, ke kūlana o pilikino. Naʻe, ke kumukuai - oi aku mamua o 20 tausani dala apo -. A mau kakini Amelika uku ia paha i ka pilina i ka mea i ka mea, ua ka mua nui pilikino kamepiula.

IBM PC, a me nā ana hoʻohālike no ka "nuipa"

I ka 1981, IBM a hemo ka disproportionately oi affordable ma mua o ka 5100 ÷, akā, i ka mea ia manawa iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai, a me ka hapanui importantly, ua muli o kona kulana hoʻok & manaʻo uea 'i i loaa ai ka inoa o IBM PC. Alaheo pomaikai devaysa ae he nui akamai a me kânaka o ka uila no ua wehewehe aku ma kona nuipa a me ka mea mua pilikino kamepiula. He aha ke ano o nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē alakai proponents o ia ka helu?

Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea i kapa aku ai i ka rethink i nā ana hoʻohālike me ia "nuipa a". O ka holo ana, Apple me ka noonoo o ka Hawaiʻi nei mamua o na mea he nui hoʻok & pāʻoihana ma hua'ōlelo o ka manaʻo o affordable PC market kaumaha ai oukou ia. Naʻe, i ka IBM PC i oi loa 'Imi hoʻolaha ma ka mea o ka openness: he mea hoʻohana kūʻai i ka PC, hiki ke hoʻololi' ia i loko o ka lākiō o ke kūapoʻana i keʻano o nā eiiiiiaiou - unu lawelawe, hoomanao, paakiki kipaku aku ai. Wale mai ana o nā kahu nānā a me nā manaʻo hiki e kekahi momoku ahi. Apple mau kamepiula 'ē aʻe, ma ka huli, o ka paʻa anuu. Pela pu aku la ua i ka hihia i loko o ka lako polokalamu kēia lākiō. Na ke hoʻohana nenoaiu o ka pilikino kamepiula IBM PC manaʻo ke e kekahi. Ma ka huli, ma ka Apple mea i hoonoho ia i loko o ka mau hihia, he kūpono pae'ōnaehana kahua.

mau manaÿo

Penei, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ana o "nuipa" i noi i ka kamepiula? Ieaoa market ma naʻano likeʻole. Kamepiula 'ē aʻe mai Apple hoʻopili like me ia ma ka mana o ka mea e me ke kala o na mea mua o ka hao pcs ua lilo affordable laulā huahelu o mea hoʻohana. Olelo ana mai o ka US makeke - kekahi kamaaina me ka awelika uku. IBM ua kaumaha i ka US a a laila global market ka manaʻo i, ke kaʻawale mai affordability, hiki ke alalai ole Hoʻololi ', mānewanewa kanikau ma ka hāpaiʻana. PC lako polokalamu, ka like IBM kuhikuhipuʻuone, hiki no hoi ke hana ia e kekahi mea, a ike pehea e ke kanaka.

Ua pono, e pane i ka nīnau nui o ka 'atikala mākou e hiki i nāʻaoʻao. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka wā a me ka poe nui i ka mua nui pono'ī kamepiula, ma ka rula, ua hiki pono i kapa aku ai i ka poe Apple a me ka manaʻo o ka mea ia inoa i loko o ka makahiki 1976 paionia 'i ke kuai. Akā, uaʻike au,ʻaʻole mea'ē aʻe ana hoʻohālike o ka nuipa a, e like me openness i kekahi mea haku polokalamu o ka lako e eiiiiiaiou a lako polokalamu. Lakou, ma ka huli, hoʻopili like no ka huina hoonui o ka poe IBM. Ke'ī mai, i mai i ka ninau o ka wā a me ka poe nui i ka mua nui pono'ī kamepiula, e'ī aku mākou - pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana kumu nuiʻaneʻi, IBM a me kona IBM PC 1981 huahana o ka makahiki.

Ke ano o ka makahiki "pilikino kamepiula"

Aia mau oko ao ma ke ano o ka makahiki "pilikino kamepiula" a me ka hele pū ana koena unuhi XAaOOEN, hōʻikeʻana i ka superiority o ka momoku ahi i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka PC makeke. He aha mea o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ke akamai ma keia kumuhana?

Kekahi o ka poe akamai i kuhikuhi mai i ka mea e noho "pilikino kamepiula" ola lōʻihi ma mua ka mea, i manaoia hoolapalapa i mai Apple a me IBM. E like me kekahi hoike, ka mea i hoʻohana mua ma ka pili ana i ka mea Programma 101, hoopukaia e ka Italia poe Olivetti - hou, a hiki i ke kahe o ke aupuni o ke kumu o ka pcs mua. Puka mai i kēia mea, i ka primacy o kekahi o na lama 'Amelika - Apple a IBM, e haawi pololei.

Eia naʻe, he mea hoopaapaa e pili ana i nā kumumea i alakaʻi ai i ka nuipa a puunaue ana o ka makahiki "pilikino kamepiula". Eia wale nō diverge nae synchronous hoi o ka makana o ka manao e pili ana i ka IBM, a Apple Championship i loko o ka lākiō o ka ia auoiaea mea ma luna o ka makeke i loaʻa i ka laulā huahelu o mea hoʻohana. Hoohalike ia legitimacy, paha no hoi e ole kuleana pili i pololei.

Ka mua Popular kamepiula 'ē aʻe mai Apple: hoakaka

Akā hoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka PC. Mākou Ua hoʻoholo i kekahi o na ano o ka "nuipa" o ka manawa o ka mea mua PC wale mai ana hiki ke noʻonoʻo Apple. He hana hoihoi 'e noiʻi i nā' ano o nā mea i ka US hui i ma luna o ke kuai i ka 1976 a me ka makahiki 1977. Ka mua Mele kamepiula Ua lako pono me ka MOS 6502, ka mea i hana ma ka alapine (frequency) o 1 MHz. Ke PC Ua loaʻa 4K o Rama, a me ke kōkua o nā kaapuni papa hiki e mahuahua i 48 KB a. Kokoke ka ia ano a pau i loko o Apple II.

Ka mua kamepiula mai Apple: i ka manawa kūpono

He aha hiki ke hana ma ka PC mua mai Apple? A kohu mea, i ka lakou mau nā unu lawelawe e like me pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe i ka loa uku huahelu alapine (frequency).

Eia naʻe, he ia hana ana ua lawa no ka hooulu ana o ka polokalamu, e like me ka pono me ka pāʻani - ma ka mea, o ka mua kalepa noi o ke 'ano kūpono a pau, e like me ka hoʻomaopopoʻia kekahi mau moʻolelo a me ka hoʻomalu, kākau ua hōʻike hewa no Apple II. ua lilo kamepiula lealea, mahalo i ka PC mai Apple, loaʻa, no laila, he ākea ka laulā o nā mea hoʻohana.

IBM PC: Features

Features IBM PC, nolaila ia i kuu i ka 1981, penei. PC Ua lako pono me ka Intel 8088 unu lawelawe holo ma ke alapine (frequency) o 4,77 MHz. Ma ke kamepiula hiki ke kau i ka 640 KB o ka hipa kāne. IBM XIX-e hoʻokele PC a PC-DOS ke hoʻohana kahua.

Ua hiki e kaulana e like me ka mau no ka ho'āhuʻikepili ma o ka IBM PC i iaʻano nui i loko o ka pā hōkū floppy me ke anawaena o ka 5,25 iniha. Ma hope ka mea, hele aku la i kuai PC me cassettes. Naʻe, i ka IBM PC i koke Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ka pilikia a me ka pilina i ke kamepiula ka paakiki pā hōkū ma ka hoopuka ana i ka Module kaawale no ka mea, ma ka mea ka mea, ua hiki ke hoolako i ka mana. No laila, hoʻohana hiki e hoʻohui i kou PC iwi kuamoʻo me ka 'auhau o ka 10 MB.

IBM PC kükohu i hooiaio ae ai holomua i ka manaʻo i manaoia ma ka US poe i ua 'Imi mānewanewa - nā aeoaeuneiai a me ka nui pāʻoihana. Ua kapaia pili hoʻoholo "IBM PC hana maʻalahi", i ka hana maʻalahi me ka palapala anuu. Kēia manawa koe pili a hiki i kēia lā.

Ma muli o ka manaʻo o IBM poe i ka loa kekahi mau papa o pilikino kamepiula 'ē aʻe - "Waikiki", ke kanakē mau kaola, laptops. He nui nā poe akamai i manaoio ia kuhikuhipuʻuone mea i lawe lima manaʻo, me ka mau, hoʻopili like i ka anuu, e like me ka mea, iloko ona CPU, hoomanao, wikiō aaioee huahelu a me ka pūnaewele.

O ka holo ana, nā lama - Apple a me IBM, ua i nui nā haʻawina i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kamepiula hana. I ka loa liʻiliʻi loa, i kekahi hoʻokūkū ana manaÿo lakou iho i i hōʻike nui i loko o ka global PC market. Ke kumuʻano o nā paepae ai ua hoʻoholo ma mua ma kā lākou mau keiki i hiki ke Hahai I ai mamao - Aneane pau nui Hoʻohana o ke kamepiula lako a pan a me ka kikohoʻe manaʻo.

ka hoʻomauʻana manaÿo

He mau manaÿo - hamama a me ka paʻa, i kohoia e IBM a me Apple ka, e noho no laila, pili nō. Ma keia hihia, he nui kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka poe akamai, ua wehewehe aku ma ka pono o ka mea hookahi anuu, mai IBM - ma ka mana o ka openness kau aʻela ma luna.

aia no he manawa "IBM PC-hana maʻalahi kamepiula" ma kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kamepiula market. 'aʻole i kēia manaʻo i ka mea, ua pono, kuu ia e IBM. Eia naʻe, ia mea pahuhopu nei me ka manaʻo e āna i kaumaha aku ai i ka 1981. O ka holo ana, iaʻikeʻia ma luna o ke kuai he ākeaʻano o ke ano o ke kino kamepiula 'ē aʻe, akā, ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka i pili i ka pola ka mea, hiki somehow e hoʻolaha i pili manaÿo, mai ka IBM PC.

Apple ka anuu i hoopaa mai ai i ke kūlana o ka paʻa. Like me, ke kahua a me ka mea'ē aʻe Hoʻohana o ka makeke, ma ka momoku ahi mea i loaʻa - ma pau i loko o ke kula o ka lawe lima nā Hāmeʻa. Phone a me nā gula'ā'ī, mai Apple - iPhone, iPad wehewehe aku ma ka paʻa anuu.

Ua hiki e kaulana i kā lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE competitor ua manaoia e e ka hamama manaʻo ma muli o ka hana o ka Android pae'ōnaehana nenoaiu mai Google. Pela, ke confrontation ma waena o nā paepae ai e hamama ana, a paʻa ua nae hoololiia i ka PC market kekahi i loko o ka Hoʻohana o ka lawe lima uilaʻoe.