Ka 'ole o ka hui a me ka nui hemoglobin

Ke circulatory'ōnaehana hanaʻia i ke amo hana i loko o ke kino o ka mehana-koko holoholona, haawi aku la i nā'aʻaʻa me ka mahuaola a me ka oxygen. Amo ana o oxygen, a o carbon dioxide ua hana ma kaʻulaʻula bipi koko, i loaʻa i ka nui waiwai - hemoglobin. Ma kēia 'atikala e nānā mākou i nāʻano a me ka hemoglobin hui.

He aha ka hemoglobin

Hemoglobin - He erythrocyte ke keʻena, no a hiki i ka pae ana o nā polokina. Ua ninoieo o 96% proteinaceous mea globin a me ka 4% o ka pono hana a me ka'Ātoma o 2-valent hao - heme. Ma kekahi o kona erythrocyte aeea he ma kahi o 280 miliona nā lātoma i lilo 'i ke koko ulaula waihoʻoluʻu.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai o ka hemoglobin - hao o ka hiki e paʻa gasses, a pipili, ho okumu i ka neʻe maila i oxygen, mai ka ia maʻiʻaʻai a hiki i na nā'aʻaʻa a me carbon dioxide i mai na nā'aʻaʻa a hiki i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Penei, kona kūlana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka kinoea, e loaa hou i loko o ke kino, ua paʻa mau.

'Ole a me nā' ano o ke kanaka hemoglobin

Ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o? Acaeoey o na kanaka meaola o hemoglobin ka mea, i kekahi i loko o ka 'ole o ka polypeptide kaulahao. Ke kaumaha ma muli i ke ano o ka polypeptide kaulahao he hemoglobin 'ole ke ano o na kanaka hemoglobin like penei:

1. Makua hemoglobin (HbA) ua loaʻa i loko o ka Hoʻohaku dala (ma kahi o 98-99% o ka heluna nui i loko o ke koko) i loko o nā mākua. HbA? Oaieeia, o ka 2 a 2 polypeptide kaulahao. Ma kēlā me kēia no ka'aminoʻakika he he heme ke keʻena helices me ka'Ātoma kuleana no ka meaʻo Solomona i ka ka oxygen lātoma. HbA Ua i lalo, nona iho no ka oxygen ma mua o ka meaʻo Solomona a me nā 'ano o ka hemoglobin, akā, i ka manawa hookahi ka mea, hoi hou aku hoʻopale ai i pH fluctuations a me ka' ole.
2. Fetal (HbF) ua synthesized i loko o ka fetus nō i loko o ka opu, e hoʻomaka ana me 6-7 pule o ka hāpai keiki , ukali ma kona hakahaka ma HbA. Kela manawa, 1 mahina o ke ola 'aʻole hoʻi ia i ka hoʻololi kemikala o HbF, i ka huina o ka leo o ke koko, piʻi pū, a intensifies ka hoʻololi kemikala o HbA, a no ka makahiki ekolu i loko o ke ola ana o ke keiki e hele mai i ka pakeneka o ka haku mele' ana o ke koko o ka makua. Fetal hemoglobin mai makua globin kaulahao o kekahi mau haku mele 'ana, i keia manawa, kahi o ke kaulahaoʻanoʻoni iho. HbF, i hoohalike ia HbA, i ka haahaa loa o ka ia'ku i ka loli i loko o ke koko pH a me ka kino ana wela likeʻole.
3. Embryonic (HbE). N naehana ano o ke kumuʻiʻo ua hua mai i loko o ka embryo mua o ka ho okumu ana o ke keiki (mua i loko o ka hebedoma mua o ka hāpai keiki) a mau 6-7 pule. Ke kanu'ōiwi Ua wehewehe aku ma ka na kaulahao a me ζ-ke ano.

Pathological ano o ka hemoglobin

Ma kekahi mau hihia 'ole e aaiaoe mā ana'āno'ē hemoglobin hoʻololi kemikala keena. Pathological 'ano o hemoglobin mea okoa mai ka physiological haku mele' ana o polypeptide paa, a me ka makemake loa, kā lākou mau mutation.

A? Acoeuoaoa, DNA mutations hoʻololi kemikala erythrocyte eiiiiiaiou mau ole glutamic a valine'aminoʻakika. Kēia "HR" hakahaka hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ke kumuʻiʻo-e like 'ole 2 me ka "Padfolio"ʻilikai hapa hiki i ka lanakila mau hale iho. Ke'ī mai, o ka polymerization mākaukau kaua paha ma HbS-nā lātoma a me, like me ka hopena, palapala moʻopane o ke kaumaha, a me ka poorly 'ohua' erythrocytes i loko o ke koko o na moku. Kēia haiahū kūmau ua kapaia "pahikakiwi aeea anaemia".

Kūmau o ka malama o ka hemoglobin i loko o kānaka

Ka maʻiʻo o ka kumuʻiʻo o naehana hale i loko o ke koko o ke kanaka i ka oko ao e like me ka wahine, makahiki pae, Hawaii, a me kekahi'ē aʻe hiʻona, e like me hāpai keiki.

Normal aiee o ke koko hemoglobin, e ole ka noonoo ole pathological haiahū kūmau.

• Na kanaka - 130-150 g. / Ho'āo ai.
• Women - 120-140 g. / Ho'āo ai.
• Children ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki o 100-140 g. / L, a ma ka malama mua, i kēia mau loina ke hiki mai i ka 220 g. / K aie i ka māhuahua lehulehu o fetal hemoglobin. No na keiki, mai kekahi makahiki a hiki i na makahiki eono - 110-145 g. / L, a me ka 6 makahiki o ke ola ana - 115-150 g. / L, nānā 'ole o ka wahine o ke keiki.
• I ka hāpai keiki, he emi ma HbA lehulehu i 110 g. / L, i ua naʻe,ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo pono anemic.
• Mua kanaka o ke kūmau lalo nā mea kū o ka 5 huahelu, mai ka maopopo mau hae, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahine o ka hoʻomanawanui.

E like me ka makahiki makahiki paha mea okoa, a ke koko i loaʻa ka poʻeʻano o ka hemoglobin. No ka laʻana, i loko o kekahi kanaka makua kanaka ma kona ano maoli lākiō he 99% HbA, a i ka 1% HbF. Children mai ai i ka pakeneka o HbF mea nui ma luna ma mua i loko o nā mākua, ma muli o ia o ka holo disintegration o ka initially i loaʻa ano o fetal hemoglobin.

physiological palapala

Mai ka ula naehana pigment noke 'oe e komo i loko o ke kinoea e loaa hou mai keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ke kino, kona papa hiʻona o ka hiki, e lilo i huiʻia me nā lātoma o nā kinoea. E like me ka hopena o ia mau reactions i physiological ke ano o na hemoglobin, i ua noʻonoʻo maʻamau.

• Oxyhemoglobin (HB) - hui me ka ka oxygen lātoma. Ke kaʻina hana ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka naehana'āpana, i loko o nā alveoli o na ia maʻiʻaʻai. Oxygenated ulaula koko corpuscles i palaheʻa ma ʻulaʻula kala like 'ole, a ua kapaia ka arterial a kolo ana, mai ka ia maʻiʻaʻai a hiki i na nā'aʻaʻa, a waiwai ia me ka o oxygen pono no ka'okesaside keʻano o ka hanaʻana.
• Deoxyhemoglobin (HbH) - hoemi hemoglobin ua hana i ka wa a kaʻulaʻula corpuscles haawi oxygen ma nā'aʻaʻa, akā nō i mālama i ka lawe aku mai ia o carbon dioxide.
• Carboxyhemoglobin (HB) i hanaʻia i ka pahu kui o ke kalapona'okikene lua, mai na nā'aʻaʻa, a wehe ia i ka malamalama, pau i ke kaʻina o kanaka ka hanu. Carboxyhemoglobin e hāʻawi mai ai venous koko uliuli - Burgundy.

'āno'ē pili 'o Randy

Red koko keena hiki ke pili ole wale i na kinoea komo i loko o ka hanu kaʻina hana, akā, i nā 'ano o ka'āno'ē ano o ka hemoglobin mea e hoʻopōʻino ai i kanaka ola, a hiki i ke ola. Mau hui i ka poe haahaa o'opi, no nae ke kēpau e'aʻaʻa hypoxia, a me ka nui 'aʻe' ana o ka ÷ naehana hanu kaʻina.

• Karbgemoglobin (HbCO) - mākaukau mea pepehi i huiʻia i loko o kanaka koko ma hope o ana o carbon monoxide. Ālai 'ia ka hiki o kaʻulaʻula koko keena, e lawe i oxygen i na nā'aʻaʻa. ʻO ka uuku lehulehu o ke kalapona monoxide i loko o ka lewa o ka 0,07% ke alakai i ka make.
• Methemoglobin (HbMet) i hanaʻia ma kaʻapu kōheoheo nitrobenzene i huiʻia, examples o i mea aliphatic kēpau, nā'uheheʻe, la o Etera, kelulose, i lohe nui ana i loko o ka lole oihana puolo. Nitrates ma ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me hemoglobin na ma ka heme ua hoohuliia 2-valent hao i loko o ka 3-valent, a i hiki aku ai i hypoxia.

ʻike, o ka hemoglobin

I mea e kuhikuhi i ka lehulehu o globin naehana hale i loko o ke kanaka koko e lawe mai nā qualitative a laupaʻi ke ano o assays. Hemoglobin ua hoi hookolokolo aku la ia ia no ka nui o ka maʻiʻo i loko o ia o ka hao Ion.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE laupaʻi papa hana no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka lehulehu o ka hemoglobin mea i keia la he colorimetric mea o loko. He He ao o ke ano saturation o ka liluwelo mea ma ka ohui ana kekahi kupaianaha mea kemikala.

Qualitative ki ina hana like nā koko Ka Ikepili ma ka maʻiʻo i loko o laila i ka noʻAno HbA a me HbF. Aia Ua hoi he qualitative Ka Ikepili ka lolouila i ka manao paa o ka nui o ke koko glycated hemoglobin nā lātoma (i huiʻia me ka kalapona) - i kekahi papa hana hoʻohana e diagnose mimikō.

Haiahū kūmau mai maʻamau hemoglobin lehulehu

Koena i oko HbA nā ma lalo a ma luna o ke kūmau. Ma kekahi hihia, ua hiki aku i ka io hopena. Ma kuu iho la i HbA ma lalo nei o ka hoʻokumu 'ia kūmau aia no he pathological maʻi pale i kapaia "ka hao deficiency anemia". Ua kāheaʻia lethargy, nele o ka ikaika, nele o ka noonoo. He kūlana maikaʻiʻole ia ma ke ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, hoi pakahi aku la ia pilikia i loko o nā mamo, e like me ia hoʻi manawa me ka aoao o ka hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana i loko o ka psycho-Hawaii ulu ana.

Mahuahua hemoglobin mea,ʻaʻole he okoa maʻi, e aho, ia mea he maʻi pale hōʻike o nā pathologies e like me mimikō, pulmonary e hemahema, naau maʻi, hakuʻala maʻi, folicʻakika a me ka overabundance o B nā wikamina, Ka maʻi 'aʻai a me na mea e ae.