Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Kazakov Matvey Fedorovich: hana

I ka pau ana o Okatoba 1812 ka lono o ke ahi weliweli wawahi mai ma Moscow ma hope o ka komo i Napoleon ka poe kaua, hele mai la ia i Ryazan. Ka manaʻo e na hapakolu elua o Moscow hale luku ua pakahi aku la ia unbearable no kekahi o ke kumukuai o nā mea pakele, no ka mea, o ka kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Kazakov i ua hoʻopuka kālā i kona talena ma ka mea hoʻonani Pervoprestolnoj maikai na hale ma ka panina mika a me ka "Russian Kokika".

Oiaio, he oiaio Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone

He Ua hanau ia ma 1738 ma ka 'ohana ka mea i hele mai, mai na serfs, Ua hoʻopiʻi' ana i ka nui clerical o ka huakaʻi. Ma ka pono o ka makua kāne o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Matvei Kazakov i ka 1751 i hoʻokomo 'ana i ke kula o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana Dmitriya Vasilevicha Uhtomskogo (1719-1774), nana i kukulu ia i ka puu o ka hale i loko o ke au o Queen Elizabeth. Ma waho aʻeo i ka nani nō kula Kazakov loaa mea hiki nā mākau ma ka hoʻolālā o ke kūkulu, i waeʻia o nā mea a me nā 'ike loea. Ua lilo iho la ia i konaʻano mea e like ai.

Lightweight pololei Nails, paulele huahelu ua'omoʻomoʻia māhele - ka mea, ua hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka haku, mai ka manawa'ōpio wale nō. Kona Kimia akamai oia i ka hana ma luna o nā mea maikaʻi examples o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone hoʻoilina o ka hala, këia kahiko Greek kauoha. Kazakov kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone lilo i staunch kākoʻo iā ia, no ka hoʻolohe i ka au mamuli ke aloha panina kaila.

Ka mua ho okolohua

Ma ke kupulau o 1763 i ke ahi weliweli luku Tver. Kukulu hou i ke kulanakauhale i aʻo haumana Ukhtomskogo Peter Romanovich Nikitin. Matvey Kazakov - i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone me Nikitin i loko o kona hui, e hana ana ma luna o kekahi o ka loa nui mea - i ka hale o ke poo o ka ekalesia o ke Tver. Ana iho, i hoʻomaopopo ai II hoihoi hou ia ma luna o ka hou kumumanao o ke kulanakauhale, ae hea aku i ka lua o ka Tver nani (ma hope o St. Petersburg) i loko o Rusia.

ka hale o Bishop mau, a lilo iho la ia i ka hale, i ka i a nenei Ana ma ka hōʻeaʻana i ka lānai hou kukulu hou ia ke kulanakauhale, i kaulana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ka inoa, a me ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Kazakov hoomaka ae la e loaa kekahi kauoha mai o ka waiwai a me ka loa illustrious Lūkini kanaka. No laila, no ka mea, o ka PF Naschokina ka mea, kukulu iho la i ka nani Manor rai Semyonovskoe ma ka muliwai o Nara, ma Serpukhov.

Kazakov a Bazhenov

Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov (1738-1799) - ka nui Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, ka mea i ka hookahi makahiki Kazakova. Ma ka manawa o ko lākou hālāwai Bazhenov i ua hala ke kula o Europa kuhikuhipuʻuone ma hope o ka Halau o Nice Arts, ua lilo na makahiki ma Farani a me Italia. He hana i ke kumu hoʻohālike o St. Petero ka ma Roma, a keʻena ma luna. Louvre ma Paris, limu pulu i ka ike a me ka hoao ana o ka alakai haku o Palani classicism: Claude-Nikola Ledu, Jacques-Zhermena Sufflo a me na mea e ae.

Haʻalele Bazhenova Kazakov au aole loa ia i haalele ai ia Rusia, no laila, e ho'āʻo e hoʻonui i kona mea hiki ka hoao ana a me Bazhenov manaʻo o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone me ke akamai kiʻekiʻe, e wehe i ka hou nani i loko o puke pu ana, o ka hoʻoneʻe olelo hooholo, ma ka ano hoohanohano o ka hoanmike. Hana Hou Matthew Fedorovich makemake Bazhenov, a oia kono aku la ia ia i ke alu like ma luna o grandiose kauoha i loaa mai i ka Empress iā ia iho.

"Ka Kremlin huakaʻi"

Ekaterina Velikaya i no Moscow luna 'manaʻo. Nui loa i ka likeʻole ma waena o St. Petersburg - i ka nani kapikala o 'Eulopa - a me ka First nohoalii, kahi ona e waiho ana indestructible Byzantine, hawaiian uhane, i makemake ia ia i ka e ka Kremlin. Ka mea, ua iʻaneʻi, ua makemake aku e hoʻomaka i ka Europeanization o Moscow, mai i pono ai ka papahana o? Aeiino? Oeoey o ke kulanakauhale mawaena konu Bazhenov.

Pīhoihoi pāhana, i kohoia i ka "huakaʻi no ka hana o ka Kremlin Palace", a hiki i ka Empress ua oi'ano'ē. Bazhenov i manaoia e wāwahi i ka hale kahiko, a kūkulu i ka nunui nunui-yoa? Iiai halealii, huli ana i ka kilohana facades o ka muliwai, akā, ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka ho okumu i panina i ka papa kuhikuhiE kuhikuhi o ka kahahānai alanui o Moscow.

Loko o 'elima makahiki, ua pau i ka papahana, i ka colossal kükohu o ka Luna Nui Kremlin Palace. O ka halawai kau ana o ka hou hale, a wāwahi kekahi hapa o ka pa, akā, laila, i ole kiʻi. Ana poho hoihoi i loko o ka papahana, i Moscow hooweliweli nani o ka'ākau kulanakauhale alii, a ninau mai la colossal dala. A laila i'ōleloʻia ai e alakai i ka? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka Kremlin, MF Cossacks (kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone me ka nui lima-ma ka ho'āʻoʻana ma mua o Bazhenov) e hoihoi i ka luku hapa o ka pā, a kūkulu aʻela ma luna o ka hoomakaukau ana no ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke kūkulu wahi o ka hou aupuni hale - ka Senate. Akā, mua, oia ua hoomau i ka hana me ka Bazhenov.

Birth o "Russian Kokika"

I ka 1775, ma ka behest o Ana ma Moscow paʻa i ka hookahakaha, ma ka mea o ka hoohui ana o Crimea, a me ka hopena o Kuchuk Kainarji me ka Kauai. E hana i kēia, ma Khodynka i kukulu ia? Aiaiiuie laau halelewa depicting ke Turkish kulanakauhale. Lawelawe i kēia hana i waiho ai i ka "Kremlin huakaʻi" alakaʻiʻia Bazhenov, he kokoke Ally a hou i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Kazakov.

E like me ka hopena, i ka pilina o ka bizarre'Ākia oihana mua a me ka Classic huliāmahi hanau aha lealea, me ka noonoo moʻolelo keaka wale, Nani Loa kaila, a ua kapaia feria paha "Russian Kokika". He makemake i ka Empress Ana, a ua kaumaha aku no ka oe a ia i loko o ka oi mau nō mea, e hana ana kokoke Khodynka Field Road Palace, ua pono e hoomaha ma hope o ka hele loa mai o ka Hawaiian Capital. Ua hoonohoia kahu ai i ka papahana Kazakov. Petrovsky Palace Ua lilo kekahi o na kuahiwi o "Russian Kokika" ma ka hanaʻana i nā alakaʻi o Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Kazakov.

Senate kukulu ana i loko o ka Kremlin

I ka ua i ka nele i ka nui lehulehu hale, o ka papa, i kona mea i manao i unuhiʻia M. F.Kazakov ma Moscow - he kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, o ka zenith o ke kaulana a me ka talena ma o kona Kuhina Nui. A lakou i kukulu iho la i ka triangular i hua'ōlelo o ka hale o ke Senate i he hou piko o konaʻike hoʻokumu.

i ole i Kazakov ka kumumanao i ka pālākiō o ka Great Palace Bazhenov, akā,ʻaʻole hua i ai i kona ao ana i mea e like ai, manao maikai, huina pāʻoihana a me nā eiiiiiaiou. Ke Dome ma luna o ke keʻena, a i manao iho e paa kau o ke aupuni, e loli ai i ka nui a me ka oaoieei hooko. E haawi ana i ka Senate holoʻokoʻa i kaʻahaʻaina a me ka hanohano, hiki mai Red Square, ka mea e kokua ai i harmoniously kupono i ka Classic lehulehu hale i loko o ka Ensemble ka papa kuhikuhiEʻahā like, a puni ke kulanakauhale waena.

Moʻolelo ma Tsaritsyno

Ka hale aliʻi a me ka ia? Ea Ensemble, i kapaia "Tsarina" Ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka aina kuai mai e Ana i ka 1775. He ua ia e ka mea mua i ua mea ke aupuni 'mawaho o St. Petersburg. Ka pāhana Ua Komikina'Āina e Bazhenov, a me ka manao pono o ka Fantasy kaila, kapa feria paha "Russian Kokika" a me Bazhenov i kapaia "pahee" Kokika.

No kēia pāhana i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone a me nā mea a pau i ka ardor, no ka umi makahiki, ua lawe mai kūkulu o ka luna ', akā, e hoʻopau hou kona kūkuluʻia i Kazakov. I waena o nā kumu o nā aliʻi ka inaina, i ku i ka Bazhenov ma hope o ke kipa i ka Ekaterinoy Tsaritsyna, i kapaʻia ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone no a hiki i ka "Freemasons" - Empress i ike ai ma ka Masonry poe hiki ke enthrone kana keiki - Paul I. He mea'ē aʻe he manao la noʻu, ka mea no ka oiaio - he mea hiki ole i ka ike akā hoʻopau hana mau hale aliʻi a me kā lākou 'ia M. Kazakov. Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ho'āʻo e akahele hana i ka hoa, a mentor, waiho kōna hale kekahi Bazhenov. Suburban Moscow e noho ana i ka Lūkini tsars Tsaritsyno, a make iho la ia, akā, ola ae la ia ma ke kēia palapala, ia mea he kaulana Holiday mākaʻikaʻi a me kekahi o na mea makau a Moscow.

Masterpieces "dopozharnoy" Moscow

Mai ka hopena o seventies o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Kazakov Matvey Fedorovich maoli lilo i keia la ua kapaia ka luna kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o Moscow. I waena o kona hale wahi lehulehu o ka hoomana, presences hale a me nā mea koikoi. He nui o kana mau hana i nalowale i loko o ke ahi o ka Napoleonic kaua, kekahi i kukulu hou ia, akā, kekahi poʻokela examples o kana hana hiki e mahalo i keia la.

"Russian Kokika" ua he mau manao wale, o na nā mea kūʻai mai waiwai a me ka aliʻi, a me Kazakov,ʻano nui kūkuluʻia i loko o ka hanohano Classic kaila. 'O kēia ka Ekalesia o Kauhalenui Philip ma ka Meshchansky Sloboda. He hana hoihoi i hoʻohui pū kau ai i kekahi i kekahi, a ma ka olelo o ka buke, a kiʻekiʻe ma Hawaiʻi o ka stucco mea hoʻonani, i mea oi loa aku hoi i nanaia tālena Kazakova-pena.

Hawaiʻi masterpiece - Church o Cosmas a me Damiana ma Maroseyka - hookoaiaʻe e masterful pu ana o ka uma puke, a kokoke laekahi hiki i ka minimalist ma hoanmike. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka helu nui o nā hale aliʻi, na ekalesia, a pilikino hale, kula hale, āna i kūkulu ai ekolu Ho 'Oponopono, kela mea keia mea o ka i lilo i mea hoʻonani o Moscow.

A kūikawā Hoʻonaʻauao no ka Moscow Kazakov - i ka hale o ka Noble Ahaolelo - House o nā uniona kālepa. Facades i loko o ka lōʻihi manawa e kūkulu hou, akā, na interiors o kekahi mau manawa (o ka Pakipika, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - i ke kolamu Hall) hoolilo aku i ka manaʻo o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i aneane palapala ano. A nui na dala, i hiki lawa i ka 5000 kanaka, Ua kilakila, i loko o ka classically harmonious.

Mea nana i hana o Moscow XVIII kenekulia

Ma waho aʻeo no nā hale ike hoʻoilina o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone - he maikaʻi loa huahelu o nā haku, he kumu nana i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Kazakov. Hana Hou I. V. Egotova, HE Bakareva, O. I. Bove, IG Taman i ua koi no ka mea mahope koi o Moscow, i ka mea ia manawa pono i ka mea'ē aʻe hana Kazakova 13 albums me ka manao, elevations a me na pauku i ka loa nui na hale ma Moscow .

He make, hiki ole i ka hoomanawanui i ka manaʻo o ka make ana o ke kulanakauhale aloha, akā, he fantastic tālena a me ka paakiki hana Matvey Fedorovich Kazakov hiki ole e lilo me ke kumumea, a me ka pakebona Moscow no e malama i ka hoomanao ana o ka poʻe e uhau ana nui.