Kawaihae Saltykov-Shchedrin: Life a me ka hana

January 15, 1826 ma ka liʻiliʻi kauhale o ka Tver aina i hanau Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ke Kawaihae o keia kanaka ua pono permeated me ka hoʻowahāwahā i kanaka, a me ka naoh moku'āina nakeke o kona manawa. Eia naʻe, mua na mea mua.

Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich: Kawaihae koke makahiki

I ka wā e hiki mai kaulana mea kākau i hānau i loko o ka ohana o ka waiwai aliÿi. Ma ke ala, Saltykov - kona maoli inoa. Shchedrin - makakū inoa kapakapa. Ka makahiki mua o kona olaʻana i ke keiki e paa ana ia i loko o kona makuakane o ka ohana waiwai. I keia manawa iloko o na makahiki loa paʻakikī o ka serfdom. I ka wā i loko o ka hapanui o nā'āina o Western 'Eulopa i mua wahi ia ai i wahi no ka' epekema, aʻanoʻenehana kipi, e like me ka ulu capitalist ana, ka Russian aupuni a oi, a oi rigidly paa i loko o kona mau medieval 'ole. A me ia makemake somehow mālama mai me ka hooulu ana o na mana nui e increasingly a 'Imi hana moku'āina mīkini, nui ala e kaomi i ka wai mai o ke kua'āina ka papa. Maoli, ka mea a pau wā e hiki mai ke ola o Saltykov-Shchedrin eloquently hoike i ka nui, e hoike ana la, he lawa pono, e malama i ke kahua o ka mahiʻai i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka. He nui holoʻokoʻa i hele mai i ke kanaka'ōpiopio, a me ka haʻalele i paʻi ma luna o nā mea a pau i kona wā e hiki mai hana. Helu hoʻonaʻauao Michael loaʻa i loko o ka hale, e like me ka pono me ka umi makahiki o ka makahiki, i loko o ka Moscow Institute o ka hanohano. Aiaʻo ia i aʻo i nā wale nō makahiki, hōʻike poʻokela nā mea hiki. A me ka mua i 1838 hoololiia i ka Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, loaa moku'āina hoʻonaʻauao. 'Eono makahiki ma hope, i kēia kula, ua puka' o ia, a komo i kaʻAha Kuhina oihana o kaua hana.

Kawaihae Saltykov-Shchedrin: i ka hoʻomaka o ka makakū ha awina

Eia ka'ōpio kanaka mea seriously hoihoi i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o kona manawa, avidly heluhelu Zhorzh Sand, ka Palani mālamalama, a me ka Socialists. I loko o kēia wā i kākau kona mua iho moʻolelo: "ʻokoʻa," "huikau hoʻokolokolo," "Notes o ka Fatherland". Naʻe, ke 'ano o kēia mau hana, hikiʻana mai noa-manaʻo a me ka satire ma tsarist autocracy, ua mua kau i ka moku'āina mana e kū'ē i ka mea opiopio luna.

Kawaihae Saltykov-Shchedrin: makakū i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ka ae o ka moku'āina mana

I ka makahiki 1848, Mikhail Evgrafovich hoouna aku i loko o ke pioʻana i Vyatka. Aia ia i komo i ka hana o ka bureaucratic kūhelu. Kēia manawa i pau ai i ka 1855, ka wā o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka hope ae 'ia e haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale. Hoi mai, mai ke pio, ua hoonohoia oia i ka luna no ka kūikawā paha ma ka Moku'āina ke Kuhina o ke Kalaiaina. I ka 1860, ua lilo iho la hope-alii kiaaina ana o Tver. I ka Ia manawa ka mea kākau moʻolelo hookahi hou ka hoʻomau 'ana i kona noʻeau' oihana. Kela manawa, i ka 1862, ua haʻalele mai ka lehulehu oihana, a e kālele ana ma luna o moʻokalaleo. Ma ke kono ana o Sergey Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin hiki ma St. Petersburg, a ua hoonohonoho i loko o ka hua'ōlelo o "Contemporary". Aia, a ma hope ma "Notes o ka Fatherland" Magazine, i kahi āna i waiho ma lalo o ka patronage o ka mea hookahi Nekrasov hele ka loa hoohua makahiki o kona makakū haʻawina. A hailona o ka moʻolelo, satirical 'atikala a, o ka papa, i ka kaulana grotesque novels: "Ka Moʻolelo o ke Kulanakauhale", "Hoikehonua, Idyll" a me kekahi poe e ae - i kākau i ka lua o ka hapalua o 1860-1870 GG.

Kawaihae Saltykov-Shchedrin: hope makahiki o kona ola

Ma ka 1880s, satirical kākau moʻolelo o ka hana e oi kaulana i waena o ka intelligentsia, akā, ma ka mea hookahi manawa hou aku a oi hoomaau ia e ka tsarist? Eia. No laila, panina o ka puke pai "Notes o ka Fatherland", kahi mea i paiia, hahau Michael Evgrafovich imi no ka luna hoʻopuka wale aku no. Ua pāpā i ka paʻi palapala ma ka hale aupuni ua ikaika ke olonā wāwae o ka ola o ke kanaka hou opiopio. A inā paha lākou e i kākau i ka kaulana "aoi" a me ka "Poshehonsky elemakule", no kekahi mau makahiki, ua elemakule, i kona ikaika haʻalele koke. May 10, 1889, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin make. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo e like me kona noi i loko o kona makemake,ʻo ia i kanuʻia i loko o St. Petersburg,, e hiki mai ana i ka lua kupapaʻu NEI Turgenev.