Ke excretory nenoaiu o ka ke kanaka

Excretory (secretory)'ōnaehana mea he ohi ana i mau kino i lawe mai i ka koho.

Ka maʻamau functioning o ka meaola ua wehewehe aku ma ka ikaika maloko 'ia. Ma kekahi, kona mea kiko'î a loaʻa i ka huina o ka maʻiʻo a me ka lākiō o ka wai puke hakahaka, i hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka osmotic a me ka hydrostatic puʻe. E malama i ke kūpaʻa o kēia mau mea kiko'î pono e kānana kaʻaeʻana me ka withdrawal o osmotic hana waiwai, a me ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai o ka hokii.

ua hapa lawe mai hana o ka excretory'ōnaehana na maʻiʻaʻai, gastrointestinal'āpana a me ka ili. Naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhiE nā loko o ka hoʻopau nō nā puʻupaʻa.

Ke urinary'ōnaehana ninoieo o na nā loko e hana i ka hana o ke kahua a me ka excretion o ka mimi (urinary nā loko) a me na nā loko komo i loko o nā'ōlelo (genitalia). He mau kino pūʻulu ua hoʻopili functionally a morphologically. Excretory'ōnaehana nā hakuʻala, ureter, bladder a me ka urethra.

Nā puʻupaʻa i aia i loko o ka retroperitoneal wahi ma na aoao a elua o ka spinal kolamu. Ka'ākau hakuʻala mea maʻamau emi. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka mea, ua aia ma luna o ke akepaʻa. Nā puʻupaʻa hana i ka hana o ke kahua loli, a me ka hopena i mimi.

hakuʻala 'ole ka loaʻa o ka nui helu o nephrons (loa lahilahi convoluted tubules). Ma na wahi i wāhiʻia capsules nephrons mea he kānana o iniiaiie mimi. Ma kā lākou mau proximal convoluted tubules i ke kemu'amino nāʻakika, kumuʻiʻo, kalipuna, monakō koko, phosphorus mai ka iniiaiie mimi. Ma hakuʻala 'ole ka mea, aia no iloko olaila pololei paʻa'āpana maalo ae la oia ma ka loop, a he ka e iho mai ana'āpana, huakai hele, a pii wale i kaʻai. Ma ka naʻau i ka iho māhele o lalo keena puka lou ka wai omo ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka pii aku haʻawina i ka wai hoʻomāhuahua a me ka paʻakai me keia poho. Pōkole distal kuleana no ka mea hou koho ma ka'aʻaʻa paʻakai a me ka loli omo he nui ka leo o ka wai.

Ke distal convoluted tubules hāʻule i loko o kaʻohiʻana leki uea ma a mimi komo iloko o ka ʻaʻa puʻuwai pelvis (maoli hoopomaikai io mau wēlau ureters). Excretory'ōnaehana nā mea hōʻike aku i ka mimi ureters i loko o ka bladder, a hou - a hiki i ka waho o ke kino.

Ke koi aku ia i ka hemo o pu ma ka hoʻomaha o ka musculature o ka pā a me ka loko paia o ka sphincter, a me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka bladder nāʻiʻo. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka excretory'ōnaehana ua hoʻohana maʻamau, ka wā e hemo o eha i eono manawa i ka lā no ka occasional hoʻomāhuahua o ka mimi i loko o ka nui o 250-300 ml.

Maʻi o ka excretory'ōnaehana hiki ke hoikeia aku ai e kaʻeha ma ka lumbar'āina, i ke kahua o ka edema, loli ma ka nui a me ka ano o ka mimi, ola urination. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ke ola ana o atypical a me ka oligosymptomatic maʻi puʻuwai. Pinepine, I ka'ōhumuʻana i ka hoomanawanui ana o pōniuniu, drowsiness, headache, nawaliwali, ua hoʻemi hana ana.

Ma na hihia a pau, na kumu o ka maʻi o ka urinary'ōnaehana i nā mea palahēhē.

Pain o ka loli iki ana ka nui a me ka degere o symptoms hiki e pili me ke kahua o ka pohaku, a me kaʻeho.

Normal ua noonoo ka aniani moakaka, mauʻu-melemele waihoʻoluʻu o ka mimi. Ma febrile maʻi kona ano hiki eʻeleʻele-yellow me ka pōhaku sediment. Ke koko i hookohu aku i mimi e hōʻike i ke alo o ka hakuʻala pohaku, hakuʻala hikoko, a me ka trauma. I ka wa e loaa lapaʻauʻia a me nā wikamina mimi hiki i hoʻololi 'ana i kona waihoʻoluʻu.

'Ike i loko o mimi māhuahua ka maʻiʻo o keʻokeʻo koko aeee e hōʻike i ke alo o ka li nui i loko o ka hakuʻala, a me ka lalo urinary'āpana.

Drastic ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka nui o ka hana parenchyma ana entailsʻaʻa puʻuwai ole. I ka Ia manawa hoike nui aʻe 'o ka walaʻauʻana a me ka piha lilo o ka hakuʻala kuleana pili i.