Ke Kaua ma ka Neva muliwai: 'ehaʻeha ka a me Ka Hopena

July 15, 1240 e paa ana ia kaua i ka hiʻona'āina ma ka muliwai Neva. Lūkini poʻe hao wale ma lalo o ka noho luna ana o Alexander Nevski, lanakila 'o ia i kaomi lanakila maluna iho o ka Kuekene kaua. Ma hope iho o kēia hanana, Alexander Nevsky ua inoa kapakapa kaulana. Keia inoa ua ike i na Lūkini, a hiki i kēia lā.

prehistory

Ke Kaua ma ka Neva River i ka 1240, aole ia i hoʻomaka spontaneously. Ua Ua ma mua ma ka helu o ka mea nui ka manaʻo politika a me ka mōʻaukala hanana.

Ma ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 13th, Swedes, hui me Novgorod, i ka pololei, forays i loko o Pinilana ohana. Ka mea, kapa aku lākou punitive huakaʻi, kona manao ua e Kīwala'ō i ka nui kanaka. Ka hapa nui o ka Swedes i ae ohana huina a me ka Em. Kēia i ke kumu o protracted pāonioni paʻa. Swedes makau hoouka ma ka Finns, no laila, eager e bapetizo aku ia lakou, a e allies.

I keia i ole hooki i ka poʻe komohewa. Ka mea, ma ke kamepiula lawe predatory kaua ma ka aina ma ka Neva River, e like me 'ana i loko o ka Novgorod wahi. Kuekene i ua kūpono kou hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia vnutriusobnymi kāna hana e lawelawe, no laila, ua imi iho la ia,ʻo like na koa a me ka hanohano i konaʻaoʻao. Ka mea, i ole ka wawa hewa aneane e lanakila ma i konaʻaoʻao, a kânaka o maʻalahi ke kala. No ka lōʻihi manawa ka Finno-Karelian poʻe hao wale hoi i hahai i ka aina Kuekene, a ma ka 1187 a me ka loa hui me Novgorod. Mea la e lapalapa Sigtuna - ke kapikala kahiko o Kuekene.

Kēia confrontation he lōʻihi. Kēlā me kēia o kona aoao, a me ka Kuekene a me ka Lūkini, ua imi iho la e hookupaa i ko lakou noho luna ana ma ka aina Izhora, a i aia ma ka Neva muliwai, a ma luna o ka Karelian Isthmus.

Hiʻona'āina lā ma mua i na hanana kaulana i ke kauaʻana ma luna o ka Neva River, ua ka hoike ana'ku o ka Apana Crusade i Finland Pope Gregory IX i loko o December 1237. Ma June 1238 ka Denemaka, King Walademā II, a me ka Haku o ka Papa o ka hui Hermann Balk like ma luna o ka mahele o ka'Ōlelo'Esetonia moku'āina, a me ka hoʻomaka o ke koa ana e ku e ia Rusia ma ka Baltic States me ke kōkua o nā Swedes. Kēia ka mea i hoʻonāukiuki aku i ke kaua ma luna o ka muliwai Neva. Ka lā, i nā hanana i i ikeia ano, ua i ka ho omaka ma ka mōʻaukala o Rusia a me kona launa ana me kokoke Hawaii. Kaua ua hoike mai i ka hiki ana o ko kakou aina, e repel i kaʻenemi ka ikaika kaua. Ka mea, e lawe i loko no o ka mea ana i ke kaua ma luna o ka Neva River ana i ka pilikia manawa. Lūkini aina wale hoomaka i ka hoola i hope makahiki o Mongol kaua a me ka ikaika kaua i ua me ka nui loa hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia.

Ke Kaua ma ka Neva muliwai: kumu

No ka 'ike e pili ana i ka lōʻihi aku nei moʻolelo i, e ohi i literally iki ana ma ka pihoihoi. Ua nui noiʻi i hoihoi i loko o ia mau hanana like me ka kauaʻana ma luna o ka Neva River, i ka lā. Pokole hōʻike i ke kaua ma ka palapala mōʻaukala. O ka holo ana, i kēia mau kumu i hiki ole no ia. Kekahi o ka maikai ike i ke kapa mua chronicle Novgorod. Nō hoʻi, hiki ke loaa ike mai Life o Alexander Nevsky. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka mea i kākauʻia e wā o nā hanana i loko o nā eighties o ka XIII kenekulia.

Inā ka Scandinavian kumu, ua noonoo, i ka mea e ole no lāliʻi o ia momentous kaua, e like me ka kaua o ka muliwai Neva, a me ka kaua o ka Ice. Mākou ke heluhelu wale no mea he uuku Kuekene paukū ana ua hee i loko o ka? Aieao o ka Pinilana crusade.

Ua ua iʻike,ʻaʻole no kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ka mea i alakai i ka Scandinavian kaua. Ma muli o Lūkini kumu, nā kānakaʻepekema i aku nei au ia mea, ua i ke keiki i loko o ke kanawai a ke alii Birger Magnusson.

Akā, Jarl Kuekene ka mea, ua wale i ka 1248, a ma ka manawa o ke kaua ka mea, ua Ulf Fasi ka mea, loa paha, a alakaʻi i ka hele ana. Ma keia hihia, Birger ka mea, i ole ho ohana ana, he mea i kekahi manao. Ke'ī mai, i ka hopena o hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana hōʻike 'ana i Birger i eha ma ka mua loa o ka poo i kona wā e ola. 'O kēia pahuhopu nei me ka' ike i Alexander Nevsky i eha i loko o ka maka o ke alii.

Ke Kaua ma ka Neva River: Lā

Historical hanana a ka XVI kenekulia, i ole, ua hoʻopaʻa 'ia i loko o kekahi mau kūhelu kumu. Loa pinepine, moʻolelo hiki ole ho oholo i ka kiko'ī ka lā a hiki He kokekau wale au ia malaila i kekahi mau kaua. Akā, i kēia aole i pili i ka mea he nui hanana, i ke kaua ma luna o ka muliwai Neva. I ka makahiki i ia hiki mai? I keia ninau, ua ike moʻolelo o ka kiko'ī pane. Kēia kaua ua hana ia July 15, 1240.

Events mua o ka kaua

None o ke kaua, aole ia i hoʻomaka spontaneously. A ua he moʻo o nā hanana i kūpono i ka mea o ka paakiki manawaʻuʻuku, i ke kaua ma luna o ka muliwai Neva. Ka makahiki ma i ka mea kolohe ', hoomaka ae la ka Swedes i ka hoao ana me Novgorod. I ke kauwela o ko lākou mau moku i hiki aku ai ma ka waha o ka Neva. Na Swedes a me kā lākou mau allies pae ma luna o ke kai, a kukulu iho la i ko lakou mau halelewa. Eia kekahi ma kekahi wahi, kahi Izhora kahe ana i loko o ka Neva.

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka poʻe hao wale ua disparate. Ua oia no ka Swedes, Novgorod, Norewai, Pinilana 'elele o nāʻohana, a, o ka papa, i ka Hui lunakiai. Nā mokuna o ka aina Novgorod i palekana ma lalo o ka meaola malu. Her izhoryane i hoakaka ia ma ka waha o ka Neva River ma na aoao a elua o ke awawa o Finland. Ka mea, ua i ka hānau mua o ka 'ohana ka palekana Pelgusy ma wanaao July lā, a loaʻa i ka Kuekene'auwaʻa ma ka lima. Keia couriers wikiwiki e hai aku Prince Alexander.

Livonian Hike Swedes i Rusia, hoomaka ae la ma August, A laila'ōlelo akula i ka mea lawe i ka hoohalua, a ike kulana, e like me ka koke a me ka uila Prince Alexander naoh. Ma ka loaʻa 'i ka lono i kaʻenemi mea kokoke, ua hoʻoholo i ka hana ma luna o lākou iho, me ke kōkua o kona makua kāne. Alexander Yaroslavovich i loko o ke kaua me ka uuku entourage. Kaua ma ka Neva River ua i ka manawa no ka mea'ōpiopio alii, e hoike ana ia ia iho e like me ka luna koa. No laila, he nui o ka poʻe hao wale i ole i manawa e hui ia. Alexander i olelo mai ai no ka Ladoga a me ka militia ka poe i hui me ia ma ke alanui.

E like me ka mea laila na oihana, ka mea a pau paukū hōʻuluʻuluʻia ma ka Hagia Sophia, i i hoomaikai e Archbishop Spyridon. I ka Ia manawa, Alexander la hoomaka helu wahi, excerpts mai a i ike i keia la: "Ua mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ka mana o ke Akua, akā, ma ka oiaio!"

Ka poe i hookala kekahi i uka o ka'āina ma ka Volkhov i Lake Ladoga iho. Mai laila, haliu aku la oia i ka waha o ka Izhora. Ka hapa nui o ka poe koa o lakou o ka holo lio, akā, ka mea, ua i ka infantry. E hoola Hotele manawa, i kēia hapa o ka paukū, a neʻe akula ma luna o ka lio.

Chronology o ka kaua

Ke kaua, hoomaka ae la July 15, 1940. Ua ua ike ia i loko o ka Lūkini poe koa, ma ka hou ana i ka mō'ī i ka lawe pu ana, heleʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi mau poe ekolu, Novgorod maikai, ke 'ano laulā, a ladozhane.

Ma ka "Life" Shoes na inoa o na poe koa eono i hana'ōlohe wiwo hana i ke kaua.

Gavrilo Olekseich kū aʻela i ka enemi moku, kahi āna i kiola ai i ka hoehaia, akā, hoʻowahāwahā keia Puhi iho kau aku, a hoomau iho la oia i ke kaua. Sbyslav Yakunovich Ua kahikoia me ka koʻi lipi wale, akā, nonetheless a hina iho la i loko o ka manoanoa o ka kaua. 'Aʻole i emi bravely kaua a me ka huntsman Alexander Iakoba Polochanin. Kauwa Sawa wawahi i loko o kaʻenemi e hoʻomoana ai a me ka halelewa Hook Swedes. Misha o Novgorod i loa i loko o ke kaua ma ka wawae, a iholaʻekoluʻenemi moku. Ratmir kauwa Alexander Yaroslavovchia, kaua makau ole aku lakou i kekahi mau Swedes, ma hope a ua ku oia i, a make iho la ma ke kahua kaua.

Ke kaua ana, mai kakahiaka a ahiahi kona. By ka napoʻo mau hoa paio i koe. Swedes, kona hoʻomaopopo i waiho wale aku no i ka palaoa pio, aku la lakou i kona poe i koena moku, a hele i ke ku pono ana i kahakai.

Ua ua ike ia ka Lūkini koa i hahai i ka enemi. Ke kumu no keia mea IKE OLE IA. Paha hoʻohuli ai i nā naita me ke dute ole e hoʻonāwaliwali ai ma ka wanaao ae, e kanu i ko lakou poe koa. Malia paha Alexander ike i pono, e hoʻopau i ka piha ana o Swedes i koe, a i ole makemake e aa aku i kona poe koa.

Russian poʻe poho nui XX hanohano koa, a maanei mākou e hoʻouka hou aku au ia vigilantes. Mawaena o ka poe make, o ka Swedes mea 'ē aʻe. Kakaolelo olelo o nā ōlaʻi i, ināʻaʻole haneri o ka make koa.

hualoaʻa

Kaua ma ka Neva River, i ka lā o ka mea e e hoʻomanaʻo no nā kenekulia, 'ae' e pale aku i ka pilikia o ka hoouka kaua ana o Kuekene a me ka Papa ma Rusia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ma kahi o. Alexander ka poe koa decisively papani iho la i ko lakou mau kaua o ka Ladoga a me Novgorod.

Naʻe, makau i ka Novgorod boyars i ka mana o Alexander ulu maluna iho o lakou. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e kūkulu likeʻole machinations o ke keiki aliʻi, e like me ka hopena o ka hahau aku la ia ia e hele i kona makua kāne Yaroslav. Soon, nae, ka mea, noi aku la ia ia e hoʻi e hoʻomau i ke kaua me ka Livonian Papa, i hele mai ai i Pskov.

Ka paʻa o ke kaua

I mea,ʻaʻole e hoʻopoina i ka mamao hanana ma ka Neva, imi iho la na mamo o Alexander, e hoʻomau i ko lakou hoomanao ana. No laila, ua hana monumental kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i, ka mea i hoihoi hou ia na manawa he nui. Eia hou, ua loaʻa i ke kiʻi o Aleksandra Nevskogo kona manaʻo ma luna o ka malihini a me ka hoʻomanaʻo A hehi ihola au.

Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Kēia monolithic hale i kukulu ia e Peter I i ka 1710. Ua kūkulu Alexander Nevsky hoailona ma ka waha o ka Black muliwai ma St. Petersburg. I ka manawa, ua'āponoʻana i ke kaua i wahi ma keia wahi. Ke inspirer a me ka mea nāna i hana o Laura lilo Domenico Trezzini. A laila, Ua hana mauʻia e nā nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone hana.

I ka 1724 na koe i hoʻoneʻe 'aneʻi Alexander Yaroslavovych. Ano, i ka ?? eoi? O ka hoailona o ka noho National Park. Ke Ensemble nā mau ekalesia, he iau, a me ka ilina. He kanu kaulana kanaka e like me Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Nikolai Karamzin, Mikhail Glinka, uku Mussorgsky, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Aleksandra Nevskogo Church ma Ust-Izhora

Kēia hale i kūkulu i loko o ka hanohano o ka lanakila ma ka kaua o 1240. Ka lā o ka kūkulu - 1711. Church kekahi mau manawa loa ke ahi a me ka hou. I ka pau ana o ka XVIII kenekulia pohaku hoahānau o koa luakini i kūkuluʻia me ka haoʻaʻa e , a me ka bele hale kiaʻi.

I ka makahiki 1934 i ka ekalesia ua paʻa, a no ka lōʻihi manawa, ua hoʻohana like me ka neeaaa. Iloko o ka Leningrad blockade luakini hale kiai i puhi i mai malama ia e like me ka benchmark no ka mea Kelemānia mea kaua.

I ka makahiki 1990, hoomaka ae la ka hana ma ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka ekalesia, a ia mea i hoʻolaʻaʻia i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope. I ka wa o ka luakini, he mea he uuku ilina, a paipai manaʻo Chapel me ke kiʻi o Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Pai malihini, a hehi ihola au iā

Kekahi manawa, i ke kiʻi Aleksandra Yaroslavovicha ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka paʻi palapala. No laila, hoʻomanaʻo dala me kona kiʻi i hookuu i ka 1995. Ka iubile makahiki ma hope o ke kaua i loaʻa a me ka nui lama i ka mea o ka hoihoi nui i ka philatelists.

paku mana

I ka makahiki 2008, ka mea kākau i hookuu Auana "Alexander, Ka Neva Kaua" i loko o ka hoolimalima. Ka mea, e haʻi ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka noho alii ana o na keiki aliʻi i loko o Novgorod. I ka pau ana o ka ho film wehewehe ana kaua, e hoohuli ana i ka kaua o ka Neva.

Ke ho film māka hōkūʻia na nā mea hana keaka i Anton Pampushny, Svetlana a me Bakulin Igor Botwin. Hoʻokele - Igor Kalenov.