Ke kōmi'ōkuhi "Hoʻonani o Leningrad". "Diaries o hoʻopilikia Leningrad". "Blockade berena o Leningrad"

I mai la lakou ia ia i ka mea, aole ia i ike mōʻaukala, mea, hoʻoikaika ihola au e 'oe ia. Ia mea ke kumu ia mea ai nui i ka hoomanao, i kona mea weliweli minute a me ka manawa. Mau kanalua pili blockade Leningrad. Ua aneane 900 mau lā o ke kulanakauhale noho ola mahope aku o ka unimaginable rula, imi e pakele ai i ka anu, ka pololi, a me ka hae o ka Nazis. E ka ho'āʻo e maopopo pehea e pono e kakau i ka screenplay, "Ka Hoʻonani o Leningrad". He aha ke ano o ka mea kani, i ka noho malie, a pehea e kamailio e pili ana i kēia wā weliweli i loko o ka mōʻaukala o kēia Lūkini nā haumāna.

mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo

Mua oe hoʻomaka kākau i ke kōmi'ōkuhi, hoolaa ai i ka pua o Leningrad, ia mea kumukuai e hoomanao i keia mea i ka wā. Ka mea, ua weliweli kūʻiʻo, ka heroism o ano o kanaka e e lewa i loko o laila.

Mua, nā kupa o ke kulanakauhale a hiki i kona make ana hoʻomanaʻo aʻela i ka loa hooilo o 41-42 makahiki. I ia makahiki, ua oki ae la i hahana maoli nō kēia, sewerage'ōnaehana i ole e hana, aole he wai i loko o ka piula wai. Ia manawa, i ka mahana mawaho kākaʻikahi ku ma luna o -18 °. Oluolu i ka hale, pela huli i ka nui anu vaults,ʻaneʻane uninhabitable. Ua Ua hoolaia mai wale ma ka ai-kapaia stoves, paa wahie ahi stoves. No ka nele o ka laau i na puke i enaena kapuahi, lako a me na mea a pau i hiki ke puhi.

Ka lua, na ke Kelemānia a i ole wale i ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka enemi ke komo lima, akā, e mau ka pūniu, a kulu hopeʻia. More ma mua o 200 tausani leho a me ka hopeʻia i kulu ma luna o ka poʻe e noho lā ma Leningrad.

Eia naʻe, e like me ka 'ikepili helu, mai ka bombing pepehi i oi aku mamua o 3% o ka heluna kanaka. make ke koena mai ka huina pololi. Kēia mea mea nui ke kōmi'ōkuhi. Hoʻonani o Leningrad hoomaka September 8, 1941. I ia manawa, ke kulanakauhale o, ma ka rula, uaʻaʻohe ammunition. ua lilo kanaka, a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka ai loa koke starve:

• palaoa glue (ka mea mua hola i hala Wallpaper);
• kelulose;
• ili waiwai (nā lakeke a me nā kamaʻa puki puhiia lakou i ke ahi, a me ka moa);
• glycerol.

A oi, ia mea paakiki e noonoo ai i na manawa. O ka papa, ma ka papaʻaina, a la Style a me slop iole.

Blockade berena o Leningrad

E e uku ai i ka berena, a ua puʻunaueʻia ma waena o na makaainana i ka poe pilikia lā Special noonoo. I ka hoʻomaka o ka mea helu, ua like penei:

• poe hana i loaa mai 600 nā huna o ka berena;
• ? aaiuo - 400 nā huna;
• keiki - 300 nā huna.

Kēia i ke kūmau no ka lā. Ma ua i haawiia keia berena aku no ka noa, ka mea pono ke kuai lilo mai, a hiki i ka wa ua ka blockade o Leningrad. hanana ha i makemake e oi hoʻopono keia ina leo ia mea.

Eia naʻe, ma ka hopena o Novemaba, i ka 41-makahiki i kela haule e oi aku mamua o elua-pa:

1. Blue hoomaka ae la e loaa ana 250 nā huna.
2. Keiki a me nā kauwa - 125 nā huna.

Ma ua weliweli December make mai ka pololi ma 50 tausani kanaka. A ma hope iho i ka uku mahuahua iki.

Keia makahiki, o ke kahua i kekahi "berena Blockade o Leningrad" i loko o kekahi mau Lūkini kulanakauhale. People i hooluoluia mai ai e noho ma luna o ka lā o ka 125 nā huna o ka berena. Ma keia hihia, ke kahu ho'āʻo like ka nui me hiki e recreate i ka beauty. I hou i ka palaoa sawdust, wauke a me ka kelulose. Ke kai eʻe i loaʻa i kona mau kākoʻo a me ardent mau hoa paio.

Naʻe, ina ka Bedroom e leie aku, e hiki ke ho'āʻo e kalua ai i ka berena no ka like hoolohe mai. Kēia, e hana ia oi ola ana ha i. Hoʻonani o Leningrad - loa paʻakikī manawa i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou'āina, e kamailio ana ia, ka hoʻohana 'ana wale nō i nā kūʻikena a me nā kiʻi.

Blogs blockade Leningrad

Kōmi'ōkuhi kōkua hoʻomaha hoʻi i ka Memories o ka poe hoike. Naʻe, ka mea i pono, e koho i na alanui, ka malama ana i kekahi censorship. Po makaʻu, e heluhelu i kēia mau memo. No ka wā e hele mai ai i nā keiki a me nā adolescents ka poe i ho'āʻo e ola i ka pōpilikia.

17-makahiki-kahiko schoolgirl Lena Mukhina kākau ai e pili ana i kona mau manao no ke ola, e pili ana i nā moeʻuhane, e pili ana i kona poe i kamaʻilio me kona makuwahine. Akā, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau, ua kakau iho la no ka wi weliweli. A au kali no kēia wā, e pau:

"I E kūʻai i nā kilo aʻeleʻele berena, he nā kilo o carrots, ka hapalua o ka hano o ka pulupulu aila, - wahi a ke kaikamahine - naemsya e satiety. A laila, koʻu makuwahine, a pūlehu ihola kekahi mau hūʻole. " Akā,ʻo ia na mea makemake i ole e hele maiʻoiaʻiʻo, koʻu makuwahine make.

E heluhelu ana i ka diaries o hoʻopilikia Leningrad, e ike pehea uuku he kanaka pono no ke ola a me ka pomaikai. He na Memories o na hoike, o ka oi aku na keiki, he hooiaio o ka weliweli hewa o ka Nazis ku ei ka Soviet kanaka.

I ko makou manawa, aia no he pokole i na haumana e mai i ke familiarize me ka like nā puke. Akā, Eia naʻe, hoopuniia ma ke kulanakauhale, ua nui loa. Ma ka Nuremberg e hookolokolo ai i hōʻike mai iā ia diary o 12-makahiki-kahiko Tani Savichevoy. He wale 9 weliweli mooolelo ma lahilahi o ka pepa. Kēlā me kēia no ia - he māmala'ōlelo no ka make ana o ka mea i aloha ai. "Make a pau o ia mau mea. Tanya i haʻalele wale. "

I mea no ke aha la excerpts mai diaries Pono e komo i loko o ke kōmi'ōkuhi: "Ka Hoʻonani o Leningrad".

He aha hiki ia i ka ha o ka blockade?

No laila, ua hele aku 'ana i ka ninau o ka ha o ka hanana. Maanei, ua pono e hoailona oukou i ka loaʻa nō nā Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou nā lā:

• 8 September - ka lā wā Leningrad i loko o ka fascist apo;
• January 27 - punohu o ka blockade.

A hoomanao oe pono a elua. No laila, e pono ke kuai noʻonoʻo 'ana i mea e ia i ka ha i: "wehe i ka Hoʻonani o Leningrad" a me ke kōmi'ōkuhi :. "Life i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, ua hoʻopuniʻia e"

Inā 'oe manao e kākau i ka hookahakaha o ka liberation, ia mea pono e koho i ke kēia palapala:

1. E ka hanana he Concert.
2. Group kipa i ka hale waihona puke.

Ua aneane 900 lā o ke ola i loko o ka "apo" E hōʻike:

1. E like me na wahi mea hoomanao o hele.
2. E ho'āʻo i ka recreate i loko o ka palapala o ke kūlana-ka hoʻokani lealea.

Mai i kekahi e pioloke ma ka hua'ōlelo "hihiu". He me ke kōkua o kēia kaʻina hana wale, e hiki maopopo pono pilikia loa ia, he kanaka i loko o ia mau weliweli lā.

Ma kekahi ano, ia mea e pono ke kamailio e pili ana i na "alanui o ke ola" ma Lake Ladoga. He no kona hapa o ka heluna kanaka i evacuated mai Leningrad, e like me laweia mai ai i loko o ka noho kulanakauhale.

Ke kōmi'ōkuhi ia blockade

E hōʻikeʻike i kekahi blockade o Leningrad, ka hanana kōmi'ōkuhi mea maikaʻi, e mahele i mau apana. Ma ka mea mua hōʻike i kēia lā, i ka lua o ka - ma ka oihana.

hiki no hoi Top e mau. E ka olelo i ke kanaka, a me ka wahine:

E alakaʻi (kaʻana me ka counterpart). "Ua aneane i ka hora ma ka Internet koho aho kūʻai palapala. Ma kekahi haawi hoʻokahi wale nō hora, 'ē aʻe hōʻole e lawe mai i mea inu, kēia mea i ke no."

Ua huli mai ke kaikamahine, schoolgirl.

Girl. "Apopo au e hele i ke kula. A pule aku nei, ua hoopuniia kakou e na Kelemania, a puhi ihola ia i badayev aee. I mai la lakou ma laila ua waiho waho palaoa a me nā kiliala, Akā, au hoomanao wale i ka holo" He Mele No, "ka hoopuni ana i ke kulanakauhale, e hiki koke e no, a me nā huahana e lawe mai, Akā, i kēia attraction a hiki i ka hopena kaua eʻaʻole e "( 'ike mai o nā diaries - mea kākau o ka'āne).

Kēpau pela ke kū'ē'ē 'oe i koʻu colleague, paha, ma ka mea ku ole, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana me ia. Kona hana mea e leo i ka mea a me na kii:

Kēpau. "I ka hoomaka ana o ka pua ana o ka 2,5 miliona kanaka ka mea, ua i loko o Leningrad, A oi ma mua o 300 tausani poʻe e noho ana i ka aina, I ka kūhelu palapala i kākau 'ia i ke kulanakauhale o 650 tausani kanaka i make, naʻe, ma hope o ka punohu ana o ka pua ana o ka uuku oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona i koe i loko o Leningrad, ola kanaka."

A me ke kūkulu ia i ka Akä naÿe no ka mea a pau ha. Kēia e ae i ka awelike kanaka i kona wahi scary e luu i loko o ka lewa o ka blockade. Hoʻohālikelike mākou lā.

I ka hanana i ka lā o ka wehe 'ia o ka blockade

Ke kōmi'ōkuhi no ka "punohu o ka blockade o Leningrad", e hiki hoʻomaka me Shostakovich ka hiku o ka symphony. I ka mea, hoailona iho la Akuma ka 41-la makahiki ma ka Philharmonic. Kela manawa, ka ho'āʻo 'ia e ka pololi a me ka bombing na makaainana hele aku la i ka Concert:

Kēpau. "Hitler hoʻomākaukau i ke kulanakauhale o ka weliweli hopena o" razed i ka honua ", -. E hiki anei e heluhelu i kēia lā i loko o ka declassified palapala i ole ho i No kuleana i loko o ka nohona kapikala o Rusia no ka ai-kapaia Aryans kāinoa mua 12 October 1941 na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, ua hoomaopopoia ia i ole e ola ana kanaka ... a laila, ke mele hoʻomaka.

Kani 7th symphony o Shostakovich. Like loa me ka mea heluhelu mai nei, ma ke kahua e ana nā mea hana keaka hookani Leningrad, koa. E noho iho, a hoolohe mai.

Kēpau. "Dmitri Shostakovich pau kākau i kona symphony mua i loko o ke kūlanakauhale puni ma na kēia kanaka Kelemānia."

Koa. "I hiki ole i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i ka pau lā i ka mele, kēia lā ua pono ai maka. Akā, au ke hoolohe i ka Concert hoʻokahi hora."

Kēpau. "Ma hope, ma ka diaries o ka Nazis, heluhelu mākou i ka mea, ua i keia Concert, ka mea ike i Leningrad e ole e haawi mai, A ka mea, ua pono, January 27, makahiki 1944 na kēia kanaka Kelemānia aku la lakou, mai ke kūlanakauhale, kēia kaʻao lā ka mea, e hoomana i ka noho o kēia St. Petersburg."

No laila, i loko o ia mau weliweli lā, kanaka hoolohe i ka mele, hele aku la i ka Zoo, na keiki hele kula. E hana mai kekahi mau puke maʻamau, i ka mea kanu, nā mākua nā haumāna a me. Ke heroism o ano o kanaka mea nui loa i ka kōmi'ōkuhi. Ke liberation o Leningrad mai ka blockade Ua i hiki no ka mea, i ole e haawi i na makaainana.

Ke kōmi'ōkuhi no ka schoolchildren

Psychologists hoʻopaʻapaʻa, mai ka makahiki ke hai aku ia keiki e pili ana i ka weliweli o ke kaua. A manaʻoi e pili ana i ka Nazis hoʻopuni aʻela i ke kūlanakauhale. Ua Ua manaoio ia oe ke mālie ka hoʻomakaʻana e haʻi aku i ke kolu o ka papa.

At 9 makahiki kahiko keiki ke maopopo ua mea o ka blockade o Leningrad. hanana kōmi'ōkuhi no ke kula i ka mea ia manawa e e softer ma mua no nā mākua. Ia mea i ke kumukuai o ko laua kamailio ana:

• cannibalism;
• blatant sadism;
• , i ke koloheia.

Akā, i mau olelo e pili ana i ka pono, e holo e hai aku. He aha hiki ke hana.

1. A huakaʻi o Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou wahi o Leningrad.
2. E kipa i ka hale waihona puke, kahi o na kii e hai aku ia e pili ana i ka hanana.
3. E kipa ole ma ka hoʻolālā i ka Concert hoʻolaʻa i ka blockade.

I ka mua o ka haumāna, ka waiwai e lilo i ka polokalamu o ka hanana.

Hele a kūlana-ka hoʻokani me

Ha, hoolaa ai a hiki i ka lā o Leningrad blockade, hiki ke kākau i loko o kekahi Huli i. No ka laʻana, me he Makäkiu moʻolelo. Oe ke kaumaha i nä haumäna i kekahi mau hola "e noho i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i hoʻopilikiaʻia." E i ke kula, e hana, e kuai ai i berena, e like me hele ma ka blockade o ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi.

Where ia mea ke kumukuai 'ana:

1. Ke keʻena Tani Savichevoy (2nd laina o Vasilevsky Island, 13).
2. Ma ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka meʻe-schooler. Ua ua ike ia i ke kaua me ka Nazis paa hou mai la ke kino Volodya Ermakʻenemi recess. Ke Soviet koa i ka manawa ia lakou iho i mua ma luna o nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia.
3. Ma ka Zoo. I ke kaua, a me ka blockade o ke kulanakauhale e noho ana mai iʻai i kekahi holoholona, mai ka Zoo. Ma ke kue, mākou i nā ho'āʻo pono e kōkua iā lākou ola. Ua ua oi loa aku ko lāua koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka hippopotamus o Belle. Ka nele o ka wai (i haiia ae maluna,, ka wai i kekahi manawa hana) hooweliweli e pepehi ia ia. piha Pool i ka wai, mai Belle Neva.
4. Ma ke kia hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā keiki a ka blockade (Square Street no ka dala maoli).
5. Ka "mea pepehiʻaoʻao." Ke kūlanakauhale kaulia 4 na papa, ke aoʻana i "keia aoao o ke alanui," i ka noho pilikia loa iloko o shelling. Currently, ke papa noho ma luna o ka Nevsky Prospekt.

Kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka piha papa o Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou wahi e oe ke kipa. Inā 'aʻole' oe i manawa e manao i kou ala hele, e hiki ke hoʻohana i ka makapo St Petersburg hana.

ka waihona

O ka hana ana, oiai i loko o St. Petersburg, ka mea hiki ke haha aku i ka blockade o Leningrad. e kamaʻilio pū hana i loko o ka hale waihona puke kōmi'ōkuhi, i houluuluia ma ka kumu o Memories, koena ai o Film, e like me mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo, e pili ana i keia wā, nā haumāna, mai na kulanakauhale e ae.

Alakai hale waihona puke hiki ke hana. First kamailio e pili ana i ke kaua, ka hapanui o ke kūlanakauhale i hoʻopilikiaʻia, ka heroism o Leningrad. Ma hope o ka moʻolelo, 'oe ke hoike mai i kekahi mea hōʻike e pili ana i kēia wā. No ka laʻana, he Documentary Sergiya Loznitsy - "Ka Hoʻonani o Leningrad". Ka leki mau 17 wale nō minuke, akā, e hāʻawi mai i ka loa akaka manaʻo o ka manawa weliweli i loko o ko kākou lāhui kanaka o ka mōʻaukala.

Oe hiki laila nānā me clippings mai nā nūpepa a me nā Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke. Hooponopono, he uuku colloquium (olelo). E heluhelu i ka Verses o haku mele o ka manawa. A aneane he minuke o ka noho malie.

Ma ka Concert

I huli ai oe, o ka kōmi'ōkuhi o ka Concert "Ka Hoʻonani o Leningrad" hiki ke maheleia i ālai 'ekolu:

• mele a me ka hula;
• poetry.
• weliweli loa.

Penei, e pū lākou i nā haumāna o nā makahiki a pau, ka wā e hele mai ai i na keiki. A me nā mākua hiki pono ke ike nei au 'ike i loko o ka palapala o ka Concert.

Songs e pili ana i keʻenaʻoihana kūlanakauhale wahi a ka hailona. Ka polokalamu Concert ke lawe i ka loa mahaloia. No ka laʻana, "Ka Mele o Leningrad", "make ole Leningrad", "Na Mele o Tane Savichevoy». Eia hou, e hiki ke hoʻohana i kekahi oihana koa mele 40s. Ma lalo o kēia mau mele hiki ke hōʻike wikiō, a kiʻi o ke kulanakauhale, i ka hula, a wale ke hooko loea mele.

Verses o ka blockade e ole e paʻakikī i ka loaʻa, a koho i ka nui kūpono. Inā ka mea, 'o ke kula hanana, ua hiki kaumaha aku i nā keiki ma kā lākou punahele hana aʻo.

Ike weliweli hiki ke e lauwili no hoi. Iloko o ka hōʻike, 'oe ke heluhelu i ka diaries a me memoirs o ka poʻe i noho ma ka pua ana.

PS No ke aha la e hoomanao ai i kēia wā?

He manawa hiki, e hoolohe ia i ka mea a ke kulanakauhale o Leningrad (i keia la St. Petersburg) no ka oi ma mua o 70 makahiki aku nei, ua hookuuia oia mai ka oihana. A, paha, ia mea manawa e poina e pili ana i kēia hanana kaumaha. Akā, ka mea, 'o ka mea hookahi mea like, e kaumaha aku i ka Armenians e poina i ka genocide i ka 1915, a me ka poe Iudaio, o Auschwitz.

Ua ua i ka pilikia a me ka weliweli wā. A hewa ku ei ka pau ana o ke kulanakauhale: kona poe kanaka, na wahine, a me ka palupalu na kamalii. Hoopoina - ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi, e kala mai. Eia naʻe, mai ka manaʻoʻike wahi o ke hoomaopopo, o makou e pono ke kala no na mea e ae. Over 630.000 make (a me ia ka pono i ka kūhelu huahelu).

Ma waho aʻeo i ka makau, i kēia manawa ma ka mōʻaukala ua hooku iho la ia ma ka nui aina manaoio. Ke koa a me ka heroism. He mea känalua 'ka icy moana wai ua, ua kapaia "The Road o Life." Na kanaka o Leningrad i hōʻike i ia mea e pono ke kaua a hiki i ka hope. Ka Soviet Union kaua. Ka mea, Uaʻikeʻole pehea makemake i pau ai i ka Great Patriotic War, ināʻaʻole no ka ikaika o ka poe kanaka koa o ke kulanakauhale kia.