Ke octane ka helu o ke kakolina

Kakolina - flammable wai ka ole waihoʻoluʻu a pau, a me ka hōʻemi iki yellowish tinge (ina i kūikawā mea hoʻonui). I mea e hoʻoikaika 'i ka hana waiwai o ka Hawaii wahie hoʻohana ma na'ā kiko'ī, Manufacturers e imi, e hoomahuahua i ka octane helu o ke kakolina. E hana i kēia, hui aku i ka like eiiiiiaiou i loko o laila. Inā ka'ā ano audible kani o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia hua mai la ia e ka detonation nalu mai ana mau noʻonoʻo o kona paukūʻolokaʻa pa, ua hoemiia ka Hawaii ka hoʻokōʻana, eia hoi, ka mea, ua hōʻeleu i Wear.

Ma keia hihia, ua olelo aku nei au i ka poʻe hune e like ai i wahie, e like me ka octane helu mea haʻahaʻa. Detonation engine wahie kumupaʻa, a laila hiki i ka oukou pale ana i ka hoʻoponopono-mea hō'ā kaʻa ma muli o ka mīkini'opihia ma na nā paukūʻolokaʻa, a me ka engine pae'ōnaehana characterizes keia aka. Heluna hapauuku ka mea, o ka buke hapa iki o ka isooctane (nā inoa: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) i loko o kekahi mau-ke keʻena läÿau, i loaʻa pū N-heptane. Oia ka läÿau, me ka pili ana i kona antiknock ma lalo o maʻamau ho'āʻo kūlana produces ka hookoia like paha hoʻokolokolo wahie.

Isooctane - manamana ai ke kaula gula paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbon C8H18. He mahalo i kona waiwai, ia mea paakiki ke oxidize a hiki ma kiʻekiʻe mīkini'opihia hiʻohiʻona, no laila ka mea, ua conventionally oluolu e kikeke ia'ku o 100 huahelu. N-heptane i loko o ka Hawaii hoi okoa: Ua hele pu no hoi i haahaa mīkini'opihia ka lākiō. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka'ā detonation hookoia, nae, keia uku ua ia like 0 huahelu no ka mea. Ma ia mau hihia ma ka wahie octane helu ma luna o 100, no ka loiloi 'ana i kona mea e like ai me ka unahiʻole noi conditional nā mea huihuina a pau, kahi i ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena - isooctane - tetraethyl hou likeʻole dosages.

No laila, ka mea hiki e ua kūkākūkāʻia i keia huahelu o ka loa nui hiʻona o Hawaii wahie. Ua hōʻike mai ana i ka nui o kola mea hoʻopale i ka detonation, i mea huikau ka ke ahi i loko o ka engine nā paukūʻolokaʻa. wahie Naita me pahiki o nā maloko'ā engine, e ia i ka loa i ka heluna ina keia pākēneka mea kiʻekiʻe. Inā ka octane helu o ke kakolina hoʻopili like iniha, kapuaʻi, 95, ia detonates ka läÿau, oia hoi o ka 95% 2,2,4-trimethylpentane a me ka 5% maʻamau heptane. Ma hope o iniiaiie lapaʻau no ka aila huahana kapa naphtha, keia ano cia kākaʻikahi aku i 70 iniha, kapuaʻi. No laila, e hoʻoikaika i ka mea e like ai o ka haʻahaʻa papa kakolina ole wale compounding (hoʻohuihui me kiʻekiʻe-octane huahana) hoʻohana 'ia, akā, antidetonators lawelawe iho la no hoi i ka nui o ka mai i 0,3%.

Wahie e like ai hilinaʻi nui pili kēia ma luna o ka haku mele 'ana o nā minelala hao, mai i ka mea, ua loaa ia ma ka fractionation a distillation, - ka aila. He mea nui i na aʻe i ka (viscosity), ka fractional haku mele 'ana, i ke alo o ka luaipele i huiʻia a me nā paraffins, a me ka maʻiʻo o ka wai a me ka paʻakai mea hoʻoheheʻe malaila. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau kumumea paha ho ololi i ka aaioee 'ano a me ke koho ana o ka' ike loea hou. Ka mea e like ai o ka kakolina, a laila kona octane helu waiwai, e hoʻoholo i ka hydrocarbon haku mele 'ana o ka aila, a laila, i ke ano no kona aaioee, a ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna i ka nui o kakolina mea isooctane, n-heptane, onaona i huiʻia, a pela aku.

Hoʻoikaika antiknock waiwai o ke kakolina pau aromatics. Ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka benzene, kuhikuhi e loli ai i ka moku'āina o ke kaiapuni me ke kumu o ka benzopyrene (he carcinogen). Ke kiekie pae o kiʻekiʻe baila aʻela i aromatics paipai 'ia ka pouli ho okumu i loko o ka'ā keena, a me ka engine kiwikā. A pau keia degrades hana nā hoailona e like me engine hana ana, ka hoʻokōʻana,? Aneie a? Aneiai, ao ke ano o kona hana. Ka pouli i hanaʻia i loko o ke keʻena'ā kumu no ke kaʻa mea nāna koho engine i wahie no laila, i ka octane helu o ke kakolina ua kiʻekiʻe. I ole ia, mana ua nunui hoemi paha i ka engine e holo ana me ka detonation.