Keleawe - he oka a pau. keleawe Hiʻona

Keleawe - mea he oka i ua nānā 'ana i ke keleawe. Kākoʻo mea hiki ke hooheheeia hiki e nikala, kiniki, ke tina, Aluminum, a me na mea e ae. Ma kēia 'atikala, e nana aku kakou, i ke ano,ʻanoʻenehana hiʻona, chem. keleawe haku mele 'ana, a me epekema no kona hana.

Mea Maluna

1. Ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka metala hiki ke maheleia i mau pūʻulu. Ka mua - he piuta, he keleawe. Ka mea, ke tina o ka papa kuhikuhiE alloying hehee ai. Lua - Tinless. Aia ma lalo ke kamailio e pili ana i kēia i loko o hou au mamuli.

2.ʻanoʻenehana hiʻona keleawe hiki ke maheleia i hana i ka mea a me ka hoolei oka a pau. Ka mua ua pono lawelawe ma lalo o ka puʻuwai. Ka hope e hoʻohana i ke kinona o ka hoike ana.

He mea hiki ke hooheheeia hoʻohālike au me ke keleawe i ka nui maikaʻi Anati-kū'ē, ÿano waiwai a me ka popopo e kū'ē'ē mai. ʻano nui, he keleawe - keleawe-tina oka a (e like me ka papa kuhikuhi kākoʻo lālā). Nikala a me ka kiniki Malaila no e ole nui alloying oihana mua i hoʻohana ai no keia mea eiiiiiaiou e like me Aluminum, ke tina, manganese, silikone, kēpau, hao, beryllium, chromium, phosphorus, makanekiuma, zirconium a me na mea e ae.

Tina ke keleawe: o Anederea, e

E mea kūpono ai ia o ka'ōlinolino o ka ike. Tina ke keleawe (Hawaii photo lalo hōʻike i ka nou ana la o māhele) - he kuʻi nukeliu i loaʻa fluidity haʻahaʻa ma mua ia o ka'ē aʻe? Ueo. Naʻe, ka mea, ua he mailuilu haalele volumetric shrinkage, e leie aku e loaa hoʻokino keleawe ninini. I kŰia mau mea i ka hana noi ma o ka hoike ana o ke keleawe antifriction wahi. No hoi, o ka oka a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka nohona kiwikā manao no ka hana i loko o ka koʻana koko meakino (me ke kai) a me ka mahu, a me ka mea kāhinu, ma lalo o kiʻekiʻe puʻe. Aia i laila-kapa ole-maʻamau e hoolei ana i ke keleawe noho pilikia noi. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā mea pilihao, kona kapa, bushings, EII ni wahi, malouplotnitelnyh apo. Kēia mau māhele i ke hoʻololi i ka hana ma lalo o kiʻekiʻe puʻe ma kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki a me ka haahaa wahie.

ke alakaʻi i ke keleawe

Kēia subspecies o ka hoolei ana i ke tina oka a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana ana i nā mea pilihao, sila a me ke kinona o ka hoike ana. Wehewehe aku ke keleawe ua haʻahaʻa ma paʻi waiwai, no laila, i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka manufacturing i lawe i ka nalu a me ka mea, e hoʻi pili i ke kila kūpapakū like me ka loa lahilahi, ahu iho. Na oka a pau o ka ia me ka kiʻekiʻe piuta maʻiʻo i kiekie ae me mechanical waiwai. No laila, ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'me ke kila? Aieao.

Tina ke keleawe: hana iho la

Oka a hoʻokō 'puʻe hiki ke maheleia i na kēia mau pūʻulu: piuta-phosphorous, ke tina-kiniki a me ka piuta-kiniki-kēpau. Ka mea, ua noi ia i loko o kaʻiʻo pepa a me ka pepa hana (me ka hana ana i ka maka aha) a me mechanical 'enekinia, (? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka punawai, nā mea pilihao a me ka mīkini wahi). Eia kekahi, e hoʻohana i kēia mau mea i loko o ka hana o bimetallic 'atikala, ua mau laau la, leki, ka poe hao wale, kona kapa, kona kapa, bushings a kaumaha hana ia i kona kalaka gaskets, paipu instrumentation, manometric wai. I ka uila laha ana keleawe (deformable) Ua wehewehe e maikaʻi ÿano waiwai (pu me kiʻekiʻe uila hana). Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o kaʻikena-e hali ana i na kumuwai luna, kuʻina nā mea hoʻopili, hui' ana. Ma ka Nine Inch hana o ka piuta bronzes paka pūnāwai uea ma ka miomio mechanics - pono, i loko o ka pepa hana - scrapers, ma ke kaʻa, a kaʻa - bushings a me nā mea pilihao.

Mau oka a hiki e lako i ka pololei ai paa, paa, kalaka nui-paa a me ka pahee (annealed) ke ano. Tina bronzes i ana hoʻokō 'anu (ma ka ape a unuhi). Hot metala ua kaomi wale. Ma lalo o puʻe mai ke keleawe ua wahi aku me ka hoʻokō 'ia ma ka anu a me ka wela.

beryllium keleawe

Kēia oka a pau e pili ana i ka pae ana o kona mau makahiki-hardenable ke hooheheeia. Ua paʻa kiʻekiʻe ma paʻi, physical, a me ka laholio waiwai. Beryllium ke keleawe i ke kiʻekiʻe nui o ka wela ia'ku, ka popopo ia'ku a me ka luhi i ka ikaika. He hoʻopale i ka haʻahaʻa ana wela,ʻaʻole na nā mākēneki, a ua ālai 'hunaahi ma luna o hopena. Hui beryllium keleawe ua lawe mai ma mahana o 750-790 kekelē Kelekia. Ka hou o ka cobalt, he hao a me ka nikala kōkua ka wā wela lapaau ana deceleration pae loli oia i, keia nui kōkua ai i nā kūnewa a hoopaakiki 'ike loea i ka. Eia kekahi, o ka hou o ka nikala ka paipai 'ana i ka recrystallization mahana, a me ka hiki ke auou caiaiai manganese, ina aole i hiki maopopo, pipiʻi beryllium. Ka luna ano ae i ke keleawe oka a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana ana o na wai, i ka resilient māhele, a me nā membranes i loko o ka wati oihana puolo.

Keleawe oka a me ka manganese

Oia kūikawā ke keleawe wehewehe aku ma ka kiʻekiʻe me mechanical waiwai. Ua hoe a ka puʻe like i loko o ka anu, nō wela. He mea hiki ke hooheheeia Ua wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe ka mahana ikaika a me ka popopo e kū'ē'ē mai. Ke oka a pau o ke keleawe a me ka hou o ka manganese i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana ma o ka'ā fixture.

silikone keleawe

Keia oka a pau, i nā nikala, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa - manganese. Oia ka okoa metala ultrahigh me mechanical, Anati-kū'ē a me ka laholio waiwai. A pau keia silikone keleawe haalele i kona plasticity ma haʻahaʻa ana wela. Good solder oka a ua malamaia lakou nei, ma kiʻekiʻe puʻe, a ma haʻahaʻa mahana. Nānā akula au i mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā mākēneki mea ole me hunaahi maluna o hopena. Kēia wehewehe i ka laha ana keleawe (silikone) i loko o meaola shipbuilding hana i loko o ka hana o ka antifriction wahi, nā mea pilihao, wai, papa manamana, evaporators, laina maka a me ke alakaʻi bushings.

Foundry oka a Tinless

Kēiaʻano Ua wehewehe aku ma ka pono ka popopo bronzes, ka hāʻuleʻana ka waiwai a me ka kiʻekiʻe ikaika. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana ana i wahi e hana i ka loa ana. Kēia, no ka laʻana, kona kapa, kiwikā, lole a, kona kapa no ka mana turbines a me nā manuʻioʻio, ilo a hana ma ka hunaahi me hoopaakikiia kila wahi, nā mea pilihao, ke hoʻohana i kiʻekiʻe puʻe a me ka hawewe hoʻouka.

Pehea e hana keleawe?

Ioi o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia e ke hana i loko o kūikawā umu hoʻohana no ka hauneneʻe keleawe oka a pau. Ke kauoha no ka keleawe hiki e haku o ka hou metala a me ka hou o ka haumāna neoneo. Ka mahele heheʻe i ka kaʻina ua ana lawe mai ma lalo o ke koko, ahu iho paha charcoal.

Ke kaʻina hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hou malama o ka metala i wahi i loko o ka kekahi kaʻina. Mua, i kaʻelemakule Hoʻoili aʻela ka umu preheated koi nui o ke koko a me ka charcoal. A laila, ma laila e kau ke keleawe. E kali a hiki i kona heheʻe, ua mahuahua ka paio hahana maoli nō mahana i ka 1170 degere. Mahope, i ka mahele heheʻe i ka pono e deoxidized, a i hou phosphorous ke keleawe. Kēia kaʻina hana hiki e lawe mai i loko o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao: 'ana i ka umu ahi, a laila, i loko o ka ladle. Ma ia i ka Ina o ka mea hoʻonui ua wahahee ma ka like huliāmahi. Eia, o ka mahele heheʻe i ka i huiia lalana ana ia ia i ka 120 degere pono alloying hehee wale. Refractory eiiiiiaiou pono e lawelawe i loko o ka palapala o ka haku oka a pau. Next, ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia ke keleawe (kiʻi, lalo hōʻike i ka mahele heheʻe i ka kaʻina) ua hooeueuia a piha noho male 'ana o na waiwai a pau i hoʻohuiʻia a me ka wela i ka hoʻoholo ma mua ana wela. I ka hoopuka ana i ka kūpono oka a pau, mai ke kapuahi, mamua i ka ninini, ka mea pono e loa deoxidized koena (50%) phosphorous ke keleawe. Keia ua hana e hookuu i ka oxides mai ke keleawe a me ka hoʻoikaika fluidity o ka mahele heheʻe i ka.

Smelting ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ua hoʻopōaiapuni mea

I mea e paka keleawe hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe i eliiaʻi a me ka neoneo, heheʻe o ia e hana i loko o ka kēia mea. First hehee ke keleawe a me ka phosphorous deoxidized kona mea hoʻonui. A laila, hou i ka mahele heheʻe i ka o ua hoʻopōaiapuni mea. Mahope, e kali ana ua paʻa hehee mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a i hoʻolauna i ke alloying hehee wale ma ka kaʻina. I ka hanana i ka malama ua haku o ka uuku nui o ke gula melemele, he mea pono mua e maule i eliiaʻiʻikena, a laila, hui keleawe ulaula, a alloying hehee wale. Heheʻe ua lawe mai ma lalo o ke koko, ahu iho paha charcoal.

Ma hope o heheʻe i ka 'āhewa' ana a me ka paio hahana maoli nō ia i ka makemake hope ka mahana ua paa i ka läÿau, o phosphorous deoxidized keleawe. Eia, ua uhiia i ka mahele heheʻe i ka ma luna me ka umu-maloo lanahu a me ka maloo koko. hope hokii no 2-3 pakeneka ma ke kaupaonaʻana o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ka hahana loa heheʻe o ua mālama 'ia no 20-30 minuke, ma ke kamepiula, hoonaukiuki keia mea, a laila, wehe' ia mai ke alo aku o ka mea i koho slag. A pau i makaukau no ke keleawe ninini. No ka maikaʻi wehe 'ana o slag i loko o ka ladle nui ana ke hooloihi pōaka one, a thickens ia. I ka hoʻoholo 'ana no ka hoolei ana i loko o ka hopena he makaukau ina keleawe, e paʻa ana i ka hanaʻanoʻenehana hāpana. Fracture o ka hāpana e eʻaʻahu a me ka maemae.

Aluminum keleawe

Kēia ke keleawe a me ka Aluminum oka a me ka alloying hehee ai. Ka mahele heheʻe i ka kaʻina hana o ka metala ua 'ano okoa mai ka luna no a hiki i ka Nine Inch ano o ke kākoʻo ke keʻena. pehea e e hoʻohana ana i Aluminum keleawe me ka alloying eiiiiiaiou noonoo. Ma ka hana o kēia 'ano o ka oka a me ka hoʻohana' ana i ua hoʻopōaiapuni mea i loko o kaʻoihana hana deoxidation phosphorous eiiiiiaiou mai e pili. Keia mea no ka mea, o ka phosphor mea i haʻahaʻaʻo Solomona i ka oxygen ma nā lātoma ma mua o Aluminum. No hoi e makaala i keia ano o ka keleawe ka loa ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka wela, no laila, i ka mahana e ole oi 1200 degere. Ma ka overheated moku'āina o ka oxidized Aluminum a me ka keleawe oka a ua paʻa kūhohonu loa me kinoea. Eia kekahi,'okesaside, i hanaʻia i ka heheʻe o keia palapala o ke keleawe, ua i hoihoi hou ia ma ka hou o reductants, a me ia mea loa paʻakikī e wehe mai o ka heheʻe. Ke'okesaside ho film eiaao He kiʻekiʻe loa ka heheʻe wela, a me ka nui loa ho'ēmi i kā ka fluidity a me ke kumu keleawe mare. Heheʻe ua lawe mai loa hoʻomaka koke, ma ka uka palena o ka paio hahana maoli nō mahana. Eia hou kekahi, mākou e aole e hookaulua i ka hoʻopau 'ana i mahele heheʻe i ka i loko o ka umu ahi. I ka hauneneʻe Aluminum keleawe like me ka ka penaʻana, ahu iho ka mea, ua pono e hoʻohana i kekahi koko i ninoieo o 50% soda lehu , a me 50% cryolite.

Makaukau heheʻe mamua ia, e hoolei ana i ka pepa maemae ma laila manganese koloriside paha kiniki koloriside (0.2-0.4% ma ke kaupaonaʻana o kaʻoihana) i hoʻolaunaʻia ma. Ma hope iho o kēia kaʻina hana, o ka oka a pau e e mālama no elima minuke, a hiki i ka piha cessation o ke kinoea evolution. I ka läÿau, Ua laila like me ka makemake mahana, a ninini i loko o ka hopena he.

I mea e pale ai pae kaawale ana i loko o ka heheʻe o ke keleawe a me ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o ke kēpau impurities (50-60%) ia mea kupono e hui aku 2-2.3% nikala i loko o ka palapala o ke keleawe-nikala haku oka a pau. A me he koko pono e hoʻohana 'mekala' åkilikai metala sulphate paakai. Nikala, he kala, manganese, ina ka mea, i kekahi o ke keleawe, e e hou i ka mahele heheʻe i ka ai i ka piuta mea hoʻonui hana. A, e hoʻoikaika 'ua Hoʻololi' ia i kekahi manawa nīnūnē mea hoʻonui ka nānā 'ana ma luna o refractory i eliiaʻi no ka mea e like ai o ka oka a pau.