Koʻohune a me microbes ma lalo o ka microscope (kiʻi)

Ka mea i mākou i hoopuniia oukou e ka germs, wehe aʻela ia i ka Hōlani nä känaka 'epekema Leeuwenhoek. Ma hope, Pasteur ua hiki ke hookupaa aku i ka loulou ma waena o lākou, a me ka nui maʻi. Microbes iʻikeʻia ma ka Honua i kekahi o ka mea mua, a ua hiki ke hoʻi mai kēlā wahi ola i ia manawa, ua nohoia aneane kēlā kihi kēia kihi o ka poepoe honua. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka wela holo pololei mai o ka lua pele, a ma na permafrost i loko o ka arid nahele no hoi ia i loko o ka honua moana wai. No hoi, ka mea e pono noho i loko o nā meaola e noho ana, a māhuahua ma laila, i kekahi manawa e lawe mai kona haku i ka make.

Like loaa microbes?

Antoniy Levenguk invented ka microscope, a me ke kōkua o ke aloha, e nānā aku i ka hiki ole ke ike i ka maka kapa ole. Ua ua 1676. Once ka inventor manao e imi mai no ke aha la kekahi pahūpahū tincture o ke ahi alelo, nana aku la i ka mea ma lalo o ka microscope, a ua hoʻolele hauli i ka pāʻoihana. Ma ke kulu o ka waiwai, me he mea i loko o kekahi mauʻano o ka Fantasy honua, hoopuni, gliding, e hookuke a kau malie haneri o hoaa, kala, spirals, lou. Ia ka leo o ka microbes ma lalo o ka microscope. Leeuwenhoek hoomaka ae la e nana ma lalo o ka microscope a pau i hele mai i ka lima, a me na wahi a wiwoʻole i mua o na haneri o ka ike ole ia mea, a kapa aku la ia animalkulyami. Nä känaka 'epekema kepa mai ko lakou kahua niho plaque, a nana no hoi ma ia ia me ka mea kani. E like me ka mea hope i kākau ai i loko o plaque animalkuley ua oi ma mua o ka noho ana a puni o ka UK. Kēia mau mea hoʻokolokolo 'ana i hoʻoili i ka pau' epekema kapaia microbiology (punahelu ma luna o ka berena Hawaii photo).

Microbes - wai o keia paha ia?

Microbes kapaʻia he nui pūʻulu o protozoa, ma ka hui ana mea nukelea-noa (koʻohune, archaea), a me ka ua i ka 'ōlelo (fungi). Ma Honua, ka mea i olalo. Kekahi koʻohune, ma laila nō e pili ana i ka miliona? Ueo. A helu o nā hiʻona ka mea, no ke ola meaola. He nui na hana hoihoi 'nana aku oe e like microbes ma lalo o ka microscope. Ka mea, e nānā loa like. Ana microbes lauwili mai 0,3 a hiki i 750 microns (lākou, 1 micron kekahi thousandth o ka millimeter). I palapala ka mea, ua kokoke mai e like me ka mea poepoe (cocci), ke koʻokoʻo o-hoʻokino (bacillus a me na mea e ae), ka hoʻoluli iʻoni iho (spirilla, vibrio), e like polū, hoku a me bublichki. He nui microbes i flagella a me ka villi no ka holomua neʻeʻana. Ka hapa nui o ia mea hookahi-aa?, Akā, ma laila nō multicellular, no kekahi laʻana, fungi, koʻohune a me ka uliuli-uliuli līoho (Hawaii photo punahelu koʻohune).

'Eleu a me ka kaianoho koholā

Loa i ike ia no i keia la microbes nei i loko o ka moderately mahana mahana. 40 degere a me luna, ka mea e e mālama no ka oi ma mua o ka hora, a me ka wā hoolapalapaia make koke. Hoi kekahi poe kanaka no kēia mau palapala pāhawewe a me ka pololei Map. Eia naʻe, i waena o lākou ma laila i loa 'âlapa, e pale aku i + 400 ° C! A flavobaktin bacterium ola i loko o ka stratosphere, mea i makau i kekahi anu a cosmic pāhawewe.

All koʻohune hanu. Wale kekahi o oxygen mea ai, a me kekahi poe e ae - i carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen a me nā kumu mua. Ka mea wale nō mea i kou pono a pau microbes - wai. Inā he mea ole ka wai, ka mea e hoopii i ka mucus. Mau mea microorganisms i noho i loko o ke kino o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Ua Ua oaeuiinoe i kela mea keia mea o mākou ma kahi o 2 kg microbes. Ka mea, i loko o ka'ōpū, liʻiliʻi, maʻiʻaʻai,ʻili, i loko o ka waha. Loa germs lehulehu ma lalo o fingernails (ma lalo o ka microscope ia mea kālaʻe nani). Iloko o ka lā, ua lawelawe lima ma luna o keʻano o ke kanaka, noho germs i mea ma luna o ia mau mea, ma luna o ko lākou mau lima. Ano o ke kopa pepehi loa germs, akā, ma lalo o nā kui, o ka oi aku lōʻihi ka mea, kakali a KamakawiwoʻOle ana (Hawaii photo ma luna o kaʻili o ka koʻohune).

ka ai

Microbes, e like kanaka, hānai nā polokina, carbohydrates, mea pōhaku kumukanawai, bipi kūpaluʻia. He nui no ia e "e like" nā wikamina.

Inā 'oe e nānā i nā microbes ma lalo o ka microscope me ka hoʻokokoke maikai, e hiki ke ike i ko lakou' ole. Ka mea, i nucleoid o kahi waiho waho DNA, ribosomes, ua synthesized nā polokina mai'amino nāʻakika, a me ka kuikawāʻili lahilahi. Ma kona mau microbes omoʻia ai. Aia autotrophic koʻohune assimilating ka mea, e pono waiwai mai'okanikaʻole i huiʻia. Aia i heterotrophic, i wale e hanaiia hiki mākaukau-i ke aloha i huiʻia. He kupaianaha ka hū, punahelu, putrefaction koʻohune. Kanaka ai nā huahana no kā lākou mau loa kuko i ka Poakolu. Aia paratrofnye microbes e ola wale i ka lilo ana o ke aloha mea'ē aʻe mea ola. O nā mea a pau koʻohune. Ke bulk o microbes koe wale halophiles, hiki ole nei i loko me ka kiʻekiʻe paakai lehulehu i kaiapuni. Kēia hiʻona ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o pickling ka ai (Hawaii photo gonorrhea koʻohune).

'ōlelo

Incredibly, kekahi mauʻano o ka koʻohune like paha i kahi moe kaʻina, albeit i loko o ka loa primitive palapala. , Ae waiho nei ma ka EYI o hereditary nā'ōewe mai ka makua i ke keiki kakou nana keena. Kēia ia lŘlŘ ma ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka "makua" a me omo o kekahi i kekahi. E like me ka hopena, mikroby- "keiki" E ili mai i nā 'ano o nā mākua. Akā, ka hapanui o na germs a me koʻohune paʻi ma ka puunaue ma ke transverse constriction paha i opuu ae. Malama ana i na microbes ma lalo o ka microscope, oe ke ike pehea kekahi o ia ma kekahi welau, aia mea he uuku omaka ae (mohala). He ua hoʻomaka koke mahuahua, ua laila kaawale mai ka maternal meaola, a hoʻomaka i kuokoa ola. Microbial "makuahine" ma keia aoao e paka i ka 4 i ka hua, a laila, e make (Hawaii photo Helicobacter pylori, e hookomo ana gastrointestinal ulcers, Ka maʻi 'aʻai).

Nā microbes i okoa mai nā mea hoʻomaʻi?

Kekahi kanaka manaʻo i nā mea hoʻomaʻi a me koʻohune - o ka ia. Akā, i kēia mea hewa. Nā mea hoʻomaʻi, i nāʻano oi aku ka nui o ke ola, e meaola e noho wale ma ka lilo ana o na mea e ae. Inā mākou eʻike i nā microbes ma lalo o ka microscope a kiʻiona aniani, na nā mea hoʻomaʻi i mea emi ma mua o ka haneri manawa o ka koʻohune, hiki ke noonoo wale ikaika huina'ine microscopes. Kela a me keia hookahi mea hoʻomaʻi - parasites mea i maʻi i loko o kānaka, mea kanu, na holoholona, a hiki koʻohune. Ka hope i kapaʻia bacteriophages. Ma Honua,ʻoi aʻe ka nui ma mua o koʻohune mea. No ka laʻana, ma ka moana wai puna o ma kahi o 250 miliona. Kai Ua nolaila, pono i ka mea iloko ona koʻohune pepehi bacteriophages. Once pili i ke kino o ka koʻohune, e luku aku kona iwi, a kiʻi ma loko. Aia nā mea hoʻomaʻi hoʻomaka e paka i ko lakou mau ano, e like me ka hopena, i ka poʻe kaua aeea make ana. Just hele virusofagi. Keia waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka lapaau no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o antibiotics (i loko o ka Hawaii photo - bacteriophages).

Germs-hoa

Amazingly, wale i ka hapaʻumi o kā mākou trillions o aeee - nae kanaka. 'Ē aʻe no ka koʻohune a me microbes. Kēia Hawaii photo koʻohune ma lalo o ka microscope mea bifidobacteria. Ka mea, kōkua iā mākou hōʻuluʻulu ai, e hoomalu mai i ko pathogens, paka'amino nāʻakika. Mākou gastrointestinal koʻohune i'āina maikaʻi kēia. Eia naʻe, wale like loa me lākou helu mea pololei 'O ke kaulike. A hiki i kekahi koʻohune i oi ma mua e pono ai, he kanaka i kekahiʻano o ka maʻi, mai dysbiosis i ka'ōpū ulcers.

Ia e pono keia mau mea, a ua lacticʻakika koʻohune, "manufacturing hana" yogurt no mākou, paʻi waiūpaʻa he, yogurt. Koʻohune, a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka waina, hūʻole,? Aneie herbicides, fertilizers a oi.

Iho la ko makou poe enemiʻino

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka koʻohune "maikaʻi", he mea he poe koa nunui o "hewa" - pathogenic. Mau nā Yersinia pestis, ka bacterium diphtheria, syphilis, tuberculosis, Ka maʻi 'aʻai, a no laila, ma luna. "Hoa" microbes a puni mākou trillions. Ka mea, i na wahi a pau, akā, oi loa aku hoi he wahi lihi iki o lakou ma na wahi - ma luna o ka mea e paʻa ma ka lehulehu amo, ma ke dala, ma ka lehulehu 'Ia. Germs ma luna o kou mau lima ma lalo o ka microscope, ia ke nānā i ia ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana mai o ka hale kūʻai, e teeming me. No ia mea, me ka lima e e holoi pinepine, akā, me ka fanaticism. E hoʻohana i antibacterial konohiki mea undesirable, e like me ka mea hele aku ai i dryness o ka ili a me ka hoʻonāwaliwali i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.

Ka hoʻolele hauli maka o ke kumu a me ka germs ma luna o nā niho ma lalo o ka microscope. Ka mea, hele mai ia iā mākou i loko o ka waha a me ka ai, honi, oiai ha. Pehea ka nui o ia mau mea i loko o ka waha, e mea paakiki i ka hai, ina wale no ka toothbrush hiki ke helu mai i 100 miliona parasites. No ina ka toothbrush ua mālama i loko o ka hookahi lumi me ka 'Ia. Microbes i loko o ka waha i na originators o caries, periodontal maʻi, infectious maʻi. Activity hiki ole ai me ka pololei, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana o ka niho a me na olelo, a ma hope o kēlā me kēia palaoa - antibacterial mouthwash hoomakaukau.