Koko transfusion no ke koko pūʻulu: nā lula. Universal nā mea hāʻawi. Table koko hoʻokaulike pūʻulu

Ma kēia lapaau ka mea, ua nō pinepine hoʻohana ina hana o ke koko transfusion. Koko transfusion koko pūʻulu - o ke kaʻina hana o kona manaʻo, mai ke ola i kona mau pou no ka hoomanawanui me kaʻole ola i loko o ka (haumāna haʻawina kālā). Ua pono i ka manaʻo o kekahi rula, a me ka meaʻaʻole me complications. Nolaila, ua hana ua lawe mai i ka i kā mākou lehulehu o ka noonoo ana ma ka aoao o ka 'inikua nā limahana.

He aha ka mea i pono ma ka hoʻomaka?

Mamua o ke kaʻina hana, ke kauka e alakai i ka ana o ka transfusion a me na pono noiʻi. Mau pou a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā, e pono i ka palapala holo'āina'ē, no ka pono ka noonoo ana i nā ikepili. Inā kekahi ola kino mālama 'oihana e ia i ka ninaninau ana i ka hoʻomanawanui a me kekahi mau pou, ka mea ana ke koko, a me ke kuhikuhi i hiki contraindications.

rula transfusion

Koko transfusions o ke koko pūʻulu me ka mākaʻi paha i kekahi mau kumu. Nāʻikepili no ka manipulation koi 'ia mahele lāʻau transfused loli waeia' inikua hoʻomalu ma muli o lapaʻauʻikepili a me Ka Ikepili. Na rula o ke koko transfusion ma ka pūʻulu hana no ka maluhia o nā ka mau pou, a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā. Ke hoʻomalu pono, nānā 'ole o ka mua loaa mai ana, kino, hana i ka kēia:

1. Ke Kii hui ABO'ōnaehana, a hoohalike i ka ikepili a me ka mea i loaʻa hoike.
2. No ka huli ana i ke ano o kaʻulaʻula koko keena, o ka kona mau pou, a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā.
3. E kau i ka hāpana ma luna o ka nohona ma hoʻokaulike.
4. Hoʻomaka bioassay.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hoomaopopo ana i ke koko pūʻulu

Ke nui wahi mea e ho oholo transfusion liluwelo loli lako a me ke alo i loko o ka mea ana i nā mea palahēhē. No keia mea, he koko hāpana ua lawe no ka nohona ma Ka Ikepili, puunaue i ke kūpono helu i loko o nā māhele, a hoouna aku la i ka mahele. I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, he mua ponopono no ke alo o ka maʻiʻaʻai, i ka dala o ka hemoglobin, a me kekahi poe e ae, ka lua ua hoʻohana 'ia ka hoʻoholo' ana i ke kokoʻano a me RH ololi ia.

koko pūʻulu

Koko transfusions o ke koko pūʻulu e pono ai i ka hoʻomanawanui i loko o ke kino ua ana erythrocyte agglutination ku i ka naoh o agglutination i komo hoʻokolohua hāpana. i ke kanaka kino koko hui ABO'ōnaehana Mea Maluna e māheleʻia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE 4ʻano likeʻole. By ABO Mea Maluna kaawale ia lŘlŘ aie i ke alo o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'antigens - A a me B. kēlā me kēia no ia ua nākiʻi i kekahi mau' agglutinin: A nakinaki aku la ia e α a me B β pakahi. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hoʻohui pū 'ia o kēia mau eiiiiiaiou, a hana nā mea a pau iʻikeʻia ke koko pae. I ka hoʻohuiʻia o ka like eiiiiiaiou mea i hiki, ole i ke kino, e erythrocyte agglutination, aʻo ia hoʻi hiki ole hoʻomau i nei. Ma keia palapala e hiki wale eha pu ana me ia:

• Group 1: antigens ma kahi e, he mea mau agglutinin α a me β.
• Group 2: antigen A agglutinin a me β.
• Group 3: Ka antigen a agglutinin α.
• Group 4: agglutinins e nalo, he mau antigens A a me B.

hoʻokaulike pūʻulu

Koko hoʻokaulike pūʻulu no transfusion Radio nui i kūlana i loko o ka hana. I ka 'inikua mea i hana transfusion'ālike hana maʻalahi i kekahi i kekahi? Ueo wale. He nui nā kanaka kahaha no e pili ana i ke 'ano o ka pae ana o ke koko, ua paʻa nā mea hāʻawi, akā, mai e ike i ke kaʻina. Akā, loaʻa nā eiiiiiaiou kupono. He aha ke kokoʻano mea paʻa - he nīnau i loaʻa i ka mea pane. People me ka pae mua o ke koko aie a hiki i ka wa e kaawale aku o antigens i paʻa nā mea hāʻawi, a me ka poe i ka ha, e manaoia paʻa nā haka. Koko pūʻulu hoʻokaulike papa lawelawe 'ana no ka hoʻomaopopo i ka transfusion kaʻina.

I loko nō o ka mea i loko o kēia lā o ka honua, ua nui na aoao e hana likeʻole mai, e pale aku transfusion kaʻina mea nō,ʻaʻole e hiki. Table o hoʻokaulike o ke koko pūʻulu kōkua ola 'Oihana e lawe mai i ka hana pono, i ka poʻea pau i ka malama ana o ke ola a me ka ola o ka hoʻomanawanui. Ka mea maikaʻi koho makemake ia i ka hoʻohana 'ana o transfusions i mau'ālike, a o ka pae a me RH koko. Akā, he mau manawa ia i ka transfusion mea nui e lawe mai i loko o ka shortest hiki manawa, a laila e hele mai i ke kōkua o ke paʻa nā mea hāʻawi a me nā haka.

RH ololi

A pau ka antigen i loaʻa 'epekema noiʻi i loko o 1940. i loko o ke koko o ka macaques, i hope loaa i ka inoa o ka RH ololi. He mea hereditary a me ka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka heihei. A o ka poe kanaka i loko o ke koko i loaʻa ka antigen e RH-oluʻolu, a ma ka wa e kaawale aku o RH-io.

Hoʻokaulike transfusion:

• RH hopena maikaʻi no ka transfusions no ka poʻe me RH io;
• RH maikaʻi koko mea hana maʻalahi me kekahi Keko.

Inā 'oe ke hoʻohana i ke RH maikaʻi koko o nā mea maʻi me RH-io waeʻano, laila, i loko o kona koko, e hoʻoikaika i kekahi Anati-Rhesus agglutinins, oiai kekahi manipulation, e ka ponaʻana ula koko keena. Alaila, he transfusion hiki ole ke hana.

Kekahi transfusion - stress i ke kanaka kino. A pau koko ua hoololiia wale ina ka lilo ana o ka liluwelo loli kīnā 25%, a kiʻekiʻe. Me ka poho o ka buke uuku o ke koko ae pani ai i hoʻohana. Ma nā hihia, ka transfusion o kekahi eiiiiiaiou hōʻike, no kekahi laʻana, wale ula aeea, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka lesion.

Nā Papahana O Ka hāpana

E lawe mai i ka koho crossmatch sera haumāna haʻawina kālā i hui pūʻia ai me ka hāpana, mai ka pou a hiki i ka pepa o keʻokeʻo pepa, ka lń i ka mea i loko o kekahiʻaoʻao. Five minuke hope, hoohalike i ka hopena, ina o ka mea pīlali oʻulaʻula koko aeee i ana, o ka pou a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā i hana maʻalahi.

A laila, e kaha i ka hoʻokaulike o ka hāpana koko transfusion no RH i loko o kekahi o nāʻaoʻao.

1. Ma ka Tube maemae i kauoha me ka hoomaemae hoʻohana Saline erythrocytes mau pou kaumaha nāu kekahi me ka mehana gelatin pāʻoihana a me na kulu elua o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā lāʻau lapaʻau. E kau i ka läÿau, ma luna o ka wai auau no 10 mau minuke. Ma hope iho o kēia manawa ia i nāu kekahi me ka Saline pāʻoihana ma ka nui o ka 7 ml, a hui pu loa. Inā mea pīlali oʻulaʻula koko aeee ua i kakau, o ka pou a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā i hana maʻalahi.
2. Ke centrifuge şarkı Ua hāʻule 2 kulu haumāna haʻawina kālā lāʻau lapaʻau, a 1 kulu 1 kulu poliglyukina mau pou koko. Ke Tube Ua waiho ia ma ka centrifuge no 5 minuke. A laila, i nāu kekahi i ka läÿau, me 5 ml Saline, kau i ka Tube ma ka huina o 90 ° a me ka hōʻoia hoʻokaulike. I ka wa e kaawale aku o ka mea pīlali a me ka ano loli hana maʻalahi kona mau pou, a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā.

bioassay

E wehe i ka pilikia o complications e kéu bioassay. No keia, he uuku nui o ke koko transfusion haumāna haʻawina kālā, a me nā minuke ekolu e kiai ana i kona ola. I ka wa e kaawale aku o ioʻike manaʻo: ka mahuahua ma ka naau ana, naehana hanu ole, manipulation Ua hai palua aku ke akahele kanaka hoʻoponopono nā mea maʻi. Transfusions paha e lawe mai wale ia ia i ole i loaʻa kekahi io 'ia, ai ole i ka hana' ole 'ia.

I ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka

Ma hope o nā mea a pau i ka mea manipulations, e hooholo i ke hoʻokaulike o ke koko pūʻulu, a hoʻomaka e lawe mai i ka transfusion iho. ole e anu lawelawe koko pono, mehana, ae wale. Inā i ka hana o ka manaʻo, a laila, ua lalana ana i ke koko i loko o ka wai auau. Kaʻina drip transfusion ua hana ma ka'ōnaehana, kekahi pono ma ka ia 'ohe. I ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o ka 50 kulu no 60 kekona. Ma ka papa o ka transfusion 'inikua' Oihana kela 15 minuke ana ka lāʻau ikiʻai a me ke koko, o ka hoʻomanawanui. Ma hope iho o ka manipulation o ka hoʻomanawanui hōʻike koena a me ka 'inikua pono ana.

Ka nele no ka a me contraindications

koko transfusions, he nui pili i ka poe noonoo ole kulu lāʻau hooponopono. Akā, i kēia mea i ka luna 'kaʻina hana ma a ka malihini ola aeee i loko o ke kino o ka hoʻomanawanui. A hiki a me lea like hoʻokaulike he mea kekahi kamepiula i ke koko hiki i ka hoopau i lalo. A no ke aha kauka i loa nui e hooholo mea hiki ole ia oukou ke hana ole e like me ka hana. pono e paa hoomaopopoia i nā nohoʻana i ka hoʻokō i hoʻomalu hoonohoia ma ka hana. Inā he mea kekahi kanalua i ka transfusion e pono ai, ia mea maikaʻi,ʻaʻole e pana aku au i.

hopena o ka incompatibility

Inā hoʻokaulike me ka transfusion o ke koko a me ke koko huahana ua i paʻa, i ka haumāna haʻawina kālā i hoʻomōhala adverse hopena o ia i ka hana.

paha e kekahi mau 'aʻe' o ia i hana, ka mea e pili me ka pilikia ma ka na nā loko paha nenoai.

Aia i pinepine hoʻolako 'ole i loko o ke ake, a hakuʻala pūnao ua Nyos, i ka hana a me ka hana o ka hematopoiesis. Loli hiki no hoi ana i loko o ka ÷ naehana hanu nā loko, a me ka ua'emi nenoaia. Iapaau ana me kekahi ano o complications e e lawelawe 'ia me ka wanaʻao me hiki, ma lalo o ke kauka o ka hooponopono.

Inā incompatibility ia lŘlŘ oiai na bioassays, kanaka i haha aku i ka hopena maikaʻi hoikeana, akā, no ka nui uuku loa. Ka haumāna haʻawina kālā i hoike mai kuni,ʻeha symptoms i loko o ka pahu a me ka lumbar spine. Lāʻau ikiʻai wale nō e hele wikiwiki mai, uunu nui, e hōʻike. Ma ka loaʻaʻana o kēia mau hoailona hiki ole ke hana transfusions. Currently incompatibility i loko o ke koko transfusion a me ke koko kokoke, aole i kānāwai.