Kukui hāweo kukui - ka mea? Kind o kukui hāweo mau kukui

I Ianuali o keia makahiki, i ka poʻe General uila (GE) hai i ka hoopau ana o ka US kala o ka olelo hoopomaikai kukui hāweo kukui ma ka hopena o ka 2016-la. hou alakaʻi enehana ka ua kahili ae mai kona ala he manawa e lilo i mau kukui hāweo, like koke ia i hookahuli ai i ka "noho alii ana" o ka incandescent kukui, invented ma ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā Thomas Edison GE.

No laila, ka mea i kukui hāweo kukui?

Kukui hāweo kukui - he Hereme hookuuia ipukukui o haʻahaʻa puʻe mea ma i ka hiki malamalama pāhawewe ua hoʻohana fluorescence. Uila pono i loko o ke kinoea excites Hereme uahi, a hoʻomaka e hoʻokuʻu akula malamalama ma ka ultraviolet huahelu i ke kumu no luminescence maloko phosphor ka penaʻana.

ʻO kēia mau 'ano o ke kukui hāweo kukui: ka anu cathode a me ka electroluminescent wela hoʻomaka' ana.

wela hoʻomaka '

Ka loa, he pono ole i kukui mehana hoʻomaka 'ana. ʻO ke kukui o kēiaʻano ninoieo o ke aniani kukui piha me ka inert kinoea (nō kāu argon) o haʻahaʻa puʻe. Ma kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao o ke kukui o ke tungsten'ūholo uila. Ke ballast hoʻi ka mana nā uila aʻa lolo. Ke kahiko kukui Ua hoʻohana 'ia no e holo mai ana i ka like me ka. ʻO kēia ana o ka uila ballasts.

Ka mea, i kekahi mau mea e hoohalike ai u kukui. Ka loiloi mua luminescence hua mai la ia mai ka hahana loa tungsten'ōwili hao, akā, laila, he uila hookuuia i loko o ka läÿau, o Hereme ka ohu a me ka inert kinoea mea ultraviolet pāhawewe. Of mau haku mele 'ana a uhi iluna o na paia o ka alabata, absorbs ultraviolet ka malamalama, a kī ana i nanaia ka malamalama. Ua Ua kapaia ka phosphor, a me ka läÿau, o ka phosphorus-ka nānā 'ana i huiʻia. Mahalo iā ia, i ka mālamalama auoiaea o kēia mau kukui mea i oi i ka mana incandescent malamalama kekahi mau manawa. Filament mau e glow, a ma ka hope o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa, akā, wale, e malama i ka hookuuia.

E ho okumu i uila hookuuia pono kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila. ʻOi aku ka paʻapū o ke kukui, ka mea maluna o ka okoʻa no ka manawa. Akā, no ka mea kiʻekiʻe pae o ka pilikiaʻano "mehana-i" o ka alabata, e ho'ēmi i stress i ua ulu.

Kekahi paio hahana maoli nō papa hana mea e hoʻohana i like me ka. I ka anakahi uila ua pili i ka hookuuia ipukukui ua ho'āʻia, i ka p bimetal hui 'ana. Hoʻokaʻaʻike pani i kona shunt, a me ka uila kala pono i ka p tungsten nā uila aʻa lolo, a, ma ka huli, Ua pii kai a me ka ionized inert kinoea. Ho'ēmi iho, i ka bimetalʻia ke wehe, e hanai ana oia i ke anakahi uila a me ka mana i na nā uila aʻa lolo o ka throttle. Inā ka hookuuia, aole ia e hiki, alaila, i ke kaʻina ua hai. Ma hope o ipukukui mea hō'ā kaʻa like me ka OIeEOEIeAeEIIe aku, mai kona ia'ku mea nui ma luna ma mua o ka wai koko e kū'ē'ē mai.

Ma kēia 'oihana, ua enaena, noke, i ka poe ola, ala mai nā uila aʻa lolo, a ua hoʻoili i ka piʻo ili reflector a hoʻomaka e hoomaemae ia.

Kukui hāweo kukui o ke anu cathode

Holodnokatodnye kukui hāweo kukui - i na manao ona cathode mahana ole e oi aku 150 ° C like me 900 ° C anal-hoʻomaka 'kukui. Pae'ōnaehana anakahi uila - 600-900 V, kāhea - 900-1600 V. Ka malamalama kinoea ma ionized kinoea, i mea e pono ia paha ke kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila. Hookuuia ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka hālāwai hope o ka makahiki ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo. Ke kinoea i loko o ke kukui i loko o maʻamau rula mea he dielectric, akā, i loko o ka uila kula, electrons a me Ion hoʻomaka eʻoni. A i ke kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila uila ke kahua hōʻeleu i ka papa (particles) no laila, i ka mea, collide me ke kinoea nā lātoma, ka mea kikeke electrons mai. Puhi iho hana Ion a me electrons like i hoʻohana ma o ka ionization: avalanche kaʻina lilo.

Ma kukui anal hoʻomaka 'hookuuia mea he piʻo, a me ke anu hookuuia kumu o ka malamalama - glow. Mercury i nā hoʻololi mai i ka wai a hiki i ka gaseous moku'āina. Nā electrons collide me ka Hereme nā'ātoma, hoʻomaka i ke kala ana o ka ikaika a me ka, pili pāhawewe i loko o ka ultraviolet māhele 'āina. Light kinoea ma ka phosphor kapa komo iā ia i loko o ke kukui. Mercury kī ana photons i ka naita phosphorus nā'ātoma, mahuahua kona ikehu electrons. A hiki hoʻi i ka electrons i ka loiloi mua moku'āina o phosphorus nā'ātoma pāhawewe hou malamalama ikehu.

electroluminescent kukui

Light ea puka ma ka electroluminescent kukui mea ku pono i ka hooholo ana o ka uila papa 'ana ma o ka phosphorus-na mea me ke kanawai o ka ole-thermal hoʻololi' uila i loko o ka malamalama. Ua like me ia i hoʻohana 'ia ua i loko o ka malamalama-K'lauea diodes (LED) a me ke aloha malamalama K'lauea diode (OLED). Electroluminescent kukui i okoa mai ka malamalama-K'lauea diodes i loko o ka malamalama hope ua kinoea i loko o ka pn huina - ka huina ma waena o nā semiconductors, a ma ka malamalama mua ua kinoea ma luna o ke ahu iho o ka activator.

Ke anakahi uila kiʻekiʻe alternating uilaʻikena ua hala ma ka lahilahi ahu iho la ka phosphorus a mea uholo uila, i nā hualoaʻa ma ka malamalama ea puka ia. Elua papa o nā puaʻa hiwa, kekahi o i mea moakaka, hana e like nā uila aʻa lolo, a me ka phosphor ka pauka a alakaʻi mele therebetween glows ka wā electrons kekahi, ma ia.

manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē no ka

• Mau kau iho i na mea maalea i malama i na umi o ka manawa hou ma mua o incandescent kukui hoomakaukau i hale hānai mana lako me ka nui anakahi uila fluctuations a me ke kaupalenaʻana i ka helu ana o inclusions. A hiki aku na nā uila aʻa lolo, e kuni i ka mea mai, a popopo kuikawa haku mele 'ana i malama tungsten filament overheating a me ka hoomaopopo ana i ka hookuuia kumupaʻa, a ho'ēmi i kā ke ola ana o ka malamalama kumu. u kukui welau a poeleele hoi, a me ke kukui blinks.
• Ka malamalama ia auoiaea o kukui hāweo kukui no watt ka hola 3-4 manawa hou ma mua o incandescent pu u kukui.
• Ka mea, oko a ma ka waihoʻoluʻu a pau, kā lākou ea puka pae mea kokoke i ka lā.
• Puehu wale aku no i ka malamalama mai ka holoʻokoʻa ili o ke kukui, ma mua o ka tungsten filament.

hooluolu mai

• Na kŘpa a kiʻekiʻe kāki.
• Kukui hāweo kukui - kekahi ikehu kumu o ka pilikia, mai kela a me keia kukui he 5 mg o Hereme, i ka loaʻawahia, a hiki e nā palapala i ke ola a me ka kaiapuni.
• Hookuuia kukui i ikepili koʻikoʻi i haʻahaʻa, a kiʻekiʻe mahana. Hiki i hana i ke anawela ma lalo -20 ° C, a ma luna o +50 ° C.
• Ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka humidity.
• Ma ke kali, no ka mea, i manawa e hoʻomehana i ke kukui.
• Hana no ka pae ana o ka malamalama, kūpono i ka ei o ke ano. Flickering me ke alapine (frequency) palua i ka papa kuhikuhiE alapine (frequency).

'Oihana no ka koho

1. ka palapala a me Ana. Aniani o na huewai ili a me nā papahu i nui okoa i loko o kēia mau mea kiko'î. A e like me ka ano o ka kukui hāweo kukui Ua pololei ka Tube. Kona anawaena mea he mau o kekahi walu o ka'īniha. Penei, o ka nui o ke kukui 1 ÿïniha ke anawaena - T8. Size papa koa mai T2 hiki i T17. Olelo hoopomaikai kukui hāweo kukui, e like me ka rula, lawe i ka palapala o ka U-hoʻokino a me kaʻoni iho. O ka holo ana, i ka helehelena i ole ia i kukui ana, akā, i kaʻoni iho lauana i ka iki hou pipiʻi no ka mea, ua oi pilikia i ka hana.

2. Ka hoʻomaka '. Hiki like me ka, lolouila a electromagnetic a ballast.

3. Power. Ua papa koa mai ka 3 a hiki i 85 watts. Ke luminous koko o ka incandescent kukui ma 3-4 manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua ia o ko kukui hāweo, no laila, koho i ka mea e pono ai ka mana e e ma muli o ka makemake'ālohilohi. Kukui hāweo kukui kona mana, ua like ia 25-30 W, puku obychngye 100W uila. E puku i ka 75-watt lawa ikehu olaʻi ke kukui 9 watts. A kukui hāweo kukui nona ka mana o 15 W, hiki e puku i ka incandescent kukui o 60 watts.

Table Pilina luminous koko a me ka mana hokii o keʻano o nā kukui, e kōkua ike i na nuances.

4. chap. Common ano e:

• 'Elau B;
• hoʻohewa (Edison) socle E;
• hookahi-kapakahi kaulua-i pau G.

Ka helu ma hope o ka palapala Hōʻike he anawaena o ka chapʻano B a me E, a me ka mamao ma waena o nā hui 'ana ma ka mm o pedestals kikokiko i G.

Holo nōhie ma chandeliers a me nā kukui e hoʻohana i ka olelo hoopomaikai kukui hāweo kukui me ka E27 kumu anawaena o ka 27 mm o, a EPS E14 anawaena o ka 14 mm o.

5. Light waihoʻoluʻu. Ua hoʻopili like i ka mahana o kaʻeleʻele kino houʻia me ka kekahi chromaticity. Me ka mahuahua ana wela, i ka uliuli hapa o ka pae, piʻi pū, a me ka emiʻulaʻula. Ana i loko o kelvins. Ke pilikino manao o ke kanaka e nana ana i loko o ka malamalama i kekahi kala like 'ole, i kapaʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu ka waiʻona ma. O ka papa kuhikuhi 'ia nā pōpō o ka malamalama, a me ka likeʻano pokole:

• 2700 K - sverhtoply keʻokeʻo;
• 3000 K - mehana ma White malamalama;
• 3,500 K - keʻokeʻo malamalama;
• 4000K - anu keʻokeʻo malamalama;
• 5000 K a oi - ao.

6. ka waihoʻoluʻu kahiko. Hōʻike pehea maoli Look puni nā mea i loko o ka lamplight. Ana kaʻi lau waiwai RA waihoʻoluʻu. Light kumu me ka like chromaticity hiki i kekahi ke kala nā'ōlelo ma muli o ia i kaʻokoʻa pae o ka malamalama kinoea. No ka lń ololi, he 100.

omaka

Manufacturers o luminaires hoailona i ka huina hoonui ma naʻano likeʻole.

Palapala Aupuni kukui hāweo kukui i ana ia ma ka UAAIIeIA FxxTy, kahi F Kû ke 'ano, ka mua helu XX (Engl kukui hāweo, luminescent.) - a wattage a me ka lōʻihi ma ka iniha, T -form (Engl omo, omo.) A o ka hope y me ka helu - anawaena o ka 1/8'īniha (3.175 mm).

Ke eia o ka palapala o ke ano:

• WW - mehana ma White, mehana ma White.
• CW - Henry White, Cool White.
• N -'ākilikai,'ākilikai.
• D - ao, ao.
• WWX - Linohau mehana ma White, mehana keʻokeʻo me ka kiʻekiʻe waihoʻoluʻu komoʻana.
• CWX - Linohau Hello White, me keʻokeʻo me ke kiʻekiʻe waihoʻoluʻu komoʻana.
• BLB - Blacklight, ultraviolet.

I ka pau ana o ka omaka i koho hiʻona o ka mea:

• RS - Rapid Start, he hoʻokēʻai hoʻomaka.
• I - Mail Start, koi aku la lakou hoʻomaka 'ana.
• HO - High auaiaea, kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana.

Nā 'ano o nā kukui hāweo mau kukui

Nani Loa malamalama General uila kukui T2 9W ua hookuu me ka papale E14, a E27, he palena iki luminous koko o 405 lumen, mehana keʻokeʻo a me ka ao ke kala mahana (2700 K a me 6500 K), 82 waihoʻoluʻu komoʻana inideka RA. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o chandeliers a me nā kau iho fixtures me ka hiki kukui i loko o keʻena,? Ainii? A lobbies o kalepa keʻena, eii?, Hawaii, wahi i noho ai.

Philips huahana

Ka Haku aku-D 90 De Luxe - kukui hāweo kukui G13, T8, 93 me ke ano komoʻana inideka Ra8, he ano mahana o ka 65000 K - me ao. Available iʻekolu wale nō:

• 18W / 965 1SL - 18 W kukui hāweo kukui me ka palena iki luminous koko o 1150 lumens, a me ka palena iki luminous hopenaʻoi loa o 63,9 lm / W;
• 58W / 965 1SL - 58-watt malamalama kumu me ka palena iki luminous koko o 4550 lumens, a me ka palena iki luminous hopenaʻoi loa o 77,8 lm / W;
• 36W / 965 1SL - 36 W kukui hāweo kukui me ka palena iki luminous koko o 2800 lumens, a me ka palena iki luminous hopenaʻoi loa o 77,8 lm / W.

High waihoʻoluʻu komoʻana inideka e leie aku oe i ike i ka waiwai, a me ka luscious maoliʻano, aʻo ke kukui paʻa mau i loko o ka haukapilaʻo, puka pōʻeleʻele loa, nani salons, Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, ka dentist ka oihana a me ka papa kāwiliʻai. Nā kukui oko kbps phosphor ka penaʻana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ekolu-koa phosphor, a kokoke e piha ka nele o ka hoemi i ka hoʻomālamalama pae.

Ka Haku aku-D Xtreme 36W / 840 1SL - kukui hāweo Lamp 36 watt mana, elua-kui, me-keʻokeʻo ano me ke ano komoʻana Index o 85 Ra8, he palena iki luminous koko o 3250 lumen ho'ā auaiaea maka 90 lm / W. Kona hiʻona o ka māhuahua hana ola o ka 66 000 hora, i mea nui i wahi kahi i ke kiʻekiʻe lilo o ka hope kukui aie i ke kiekie o ka lumi, 'aʻole hana, a me kahi o ka malamalama mea ma luna o nā mea a pau o ka manawa - i loko o tunnels, aila rigs, i loko o ke ana? Iecaianoaaiiie.

Ka Haku PL-C 18W / 830 / 2P 1CT - papalua-pau kukui hāweo kukui 18-watt mana me G24d-2-kumu, mehana keʻokeʻo kala like 'ole o ka 3000 K, he ano komoʻana Index o 82 Ra8, he palena iki luminous koko o 1200 lumen, Loipālākiō luminous ka hoʻokōʻana 67 lm / W. Papahana no kekahi mau lolo kau iho i ka wa kaawale, kukuluia'na, kalepa a me ka oihana hale. Kukui hāweo kukui Philips Haku Pl-C hoʻohana mua alahaka enehana ka mea hoʻohiki a pau e pono hana, maikaʻiʻaoʻao pale, a kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana. A mau-kükohu i ka weheʻia kumu, a ua hoʻohana me EMPRA.

Energy-efficient malamalama kumu mai Osram

Osram produces olelo hoopomaikai kukui hāweo kukui 18 W DSST FCY 18 W / 825 E27 mehana 'ia nā pōpō 2500 K, he ano komoʻana Index o ka 80, he luminous koko o 1050 lumens a me ka pūpanapana E27. Ka mea i hiki ke pale aku i ka nui loa helu o ka hoʻomaka pōʻaiapuni - mua 1 Mill.

Osram Lumilux T9 C - 29 mm o me ka pūpanapana ka annular kukui G10Q, Loipālākiō mana 22 W, waihoʻoluʻu mahana 2700 K, waihoʻoluʻu komoʻana Index o 80-89, he palena iki luminous koko o 1350 lumens, a me ka palena iki malamalama ia auoiaea 61 lm / W. Ua ua papahana no ka lehulehu hale, Hawaii, na hana, pōʻeleʻele loa, hale kūʻai nui, ainoeieou. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka hoʻokōʻana, maikaʻi ma Hawaiʻi no ka malamalama maikaʻi malamalama auaiaea, a kau iho ole aka. Ae'ōlinolino hoʻoponopono.

L 36 W / 840-1 - 1 laina mika kukui, kukui hāweo, 36W, kumu G13 kumu, ke kala mahana o ka 4000 K, he palena iki luminous koko o 3100 lumens, 80 waihoʻoluʻu komoʻana inideka RA, ka palena iki luminous ka hoʻokōʻana 86 lm / W. Papahana no ka ho'ā o ka lehulehu amo.

Endura 70 W / 830 - electrodeless malamalama kumu Osram 70W, he Loipālākiō luminous koko o 6200 lumens mehana keʻokeʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu mahana 3000 K, waihoʻoluʻu komoʻana 'inideka, a luminous 80-90 RA 80 lm / W. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka tunnel kau iho, mea kanu, na alanui, nii? Oeaiuo ieiuaaee. Wehewehe aku ma ka kiʻekiʻe mea paʻa (i ka 100 000 h.), Ka hoʻokōʻana, kiʻekiʻe lumen auaiaea, instantaneous hoʻomaka '-mai.

Electrodeless kukui hāweo kukui - kekahi mea i loko o i hookuuia ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka kiʻekiʻe-alapine electromagnetic a kahua ua loaʻa ma kaʻume mākenēki Kora naʻEsau i ka alabata. ʻume mākenēki hula i ke kūlana o ka iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mea hoʻololi uila, a me ke kinoea hookuuia - kiʻekiʻe. i hoemiia ano o kukui hāweo kukui o kēia 'ano e sledyuschemu: manaʻo i ka pilina paʻa, ka mea mau i ka lōʻihi manawa ku i ka wa e kaawale aku o ia e hina no nā uila aʻa lolo.

DSST mīkiniʻimi Cl A 15 W / 827 E27 - kukui hāweo kukui mana o 15 W, ka luminous koko o 870 lumen, mehana keʻokeʻo malamalama mahana o ka 2700 K. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana ma muli o ia ka 'akomi hooki aku i loko o ke ao. Ua Ua manaoia no mawaho pono wale nō.