Lehalehu t iwi: ka'anatomia. Lehalehu t iwi o ka iwi poʻo

kanaka iwi poʻo i loko o ka palapala ogtogeneze undergoes mea hou. I utero a me ke keiki o ka puniu wale no Puhi hanau mea oi ua hoʻokōʻia, ma muli o ia ka mea i ka lolo ua oi hoʻomohala i loko o laila, a ke kahua ia pono he nui cranial nona iho. Ke kinona o ka puniu wale no loli aʻe like na niho ulu a paa e kamaiʻilio ana nāʻiʻo.

ʻano likeʻole o ka lehalehu t iwi

Ka puniu wale no, he lehalehu a me ka lolo pauku. Ka mokuna waiho ma waena o ke kua, a me ka orbital palena pau. Cranial iwi i palahalaha. Ka mea, hui na nakaka e ae i ka ulu ana o nā mea a pau i nā iwi cranial. Ma hope o kā lākou ulu ossification aɃe.

Ka mua māhele o ka puniu wale no ua haku o ka nasal a me ka moʻolelo cavities. By unpaired nā:

• ethmoid iwi;
• opener;
• hyoid iwi.

O ka hui ku mai:

• kekahi a luna;
• nasal iwi;
• incisive;
• lacrimal;
• malar;
• webbed;
• palatine iwi;
• i ka lalo iwi;
• turbinate.

E hoi kakou i na iwi a pau o ka lehalehu t iwipoo.

maxilla

Kēia iwi He He mahu lumi. Ua ninoieo o ke kino a me ka eha keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ke kino ka loaʻa o ka maxillary sinus, a hōʻike ana me ke akea mauae a me ka nasal lua. Ke kino ninoieo o ka mua, infratemporal, ophthalmic a me ka nasal surfaces.

Front ili i ka concave shape. Ma kona mokuna o ka infraorbital māhele 'āina ma lalo i ka moana i ka puka infraorbital nä olonä a me nā ipu. Ma lalo o ka mea - i ka puka i loko o ka palapala o ka canine fossa. Ma ka medial kaʻe ua hoʻokino kakaka maikaʻi oki, ma a ka mua puka noticeably nasal lua. I ka lalo palena kanawai, a hana nasal spine.

Mai orbital ili i ka mea haʻahaʻa orbital pā me he ala apuupuu concave triangular shape. Ma o ka wahi o ka medial kaʻe ia kona palena me ka lacrimal iwi, orbital una a me ka iwi. Ma ka hope o ka mokuna e holo ma ka lalo orbital māwae pōhaku mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka infraorbital hewa elua. Front ia iho i loko o ka infraorbital Canal.

Infratemporal ili ua hana mai ke pterygopalatine a me infratemporal-palatal lua. Front ia demarcated ka zygomatic kaʻina. Ua maopopo kū mai i ka puu o ka iwi ā, kahi originate ka alveolar lua, haliu ae la ia i loko o ke kupono kaha. Mau auwai a hana moku a me nā aʻalolo kuhikuhi i molars.

ka ihu 'ilikai ua hana ia e ka luna' äina. Ua Ua hui ia me ka iwi o ka lewa, a me ka malalo pūpū i ka ihu, e hele ana i ka luna o ka palatal iwi. Ma ka 'ilikai pono hiki maxillary razschelina i loko o ka palapala o ka triangle. Ma mua pono kaheaia ma ka vertical Groove, a ua pili i ka lalo iwi a me ka nasal lacrimal iwi.

E möakäka hou lehalehu t iwi poʻo iwi mau frontal appendage e holo ana mai ke a luna kino ma ka wahi o ka hoʻohui o ka nasal, ophthalmic a me ka alo surfaces. Kekahiʻaoʻao o ke kaʻina mai a hiki i ka ihu o ka frontal iwi. Ma ke kīloi paʻewa ili moe lacrimal nalu hele i loko o ka infraorbital aina, delimiting ka waimaka hewa elua. Ma ka medial ili ka maka aha waihona meli lapa e hoʻohuiʻia me ka zygomatic iwi.

Zygomatic kaʻina, e waiho ana i ka iwi ā, kekahi converges me ka zygomatic iwi.

Alveolar iwi - he manoanoa una me kekahiʻaoʻao concave, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - convex exiting mai o ka iwi ā. Kona haʻahaʻa kaʻe - ia alveolar piʻo recesses (lune niho) 8 No ka luna niho. Alveolar pahu e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa nui mezhalveolyarnyh i pohā. Waho anao? Aou elevations, o ka oi aku maopopo hoikeia ma ka anterior māhele 'āina.

Scion lani mea he papamoe una. He originates mai ka nasal 'ilikai, wahi e hele aku ai i ka alveolar iwi. Kona luna ili ka malimali a me ka hana i ka lalo paia o ka nasal lua. Ke medial mokuna i ka hoala hou ihu lapa, i hana palatal kaʻina, hoʻohuiʻia ia me ka maka o ka hō.

I ka lalo o kaʻilikai roughness mea okoa, a kū ma luna o ke kua o ka palatine hewa elua. Ke medial kaʻe ua pili i ka ia appendage ma ka kekahi lima, ai i ka paakiki kīleo. Ka mua loa o ka puka i loko o ka moana chisel, a me ka hope - ua hui me ka palatal iwi.

palatine iwi

i hui kaulua lehalehu t iwi a me unpaired. Palatine iwi pili ia i ka hui. Ua ninoieo o ka p ÷ haku a me papamoe una.

Ke papamoe una i kihi eha. Together me ka palatine iwi outgrowths ka mea, o ka lani. A papamoe lalo una mai o ka hoʻonaninani ili. Nasal ili, ma ka Akä, Ua ala apuupuu. Therealong a appendage ke aupuni 'nasal maxillary nalu hele i loko o ka ihu iwi.

P ÷ haku paia papa i komo i loko o ka nasal lua. Ma kona kīloi paʻewa ili o ka Groove mea nui lani. Ua, a me na Groove o ke a luna, a me ka appendage o ka sphenoid iwi, e pili ana i ka nui lani Kanal. Ma ka hopena ia mea he puka. Ma ka medial ili o ka papa, he mau no papamoe kulana - kekahi maka aha ana ka 'ē aʻe - ke komo.

Mai ka palatine iwi ka lehalehu t māhele o ka puniu wale no e haalele orbital, pyramidal a me ka auka-hoʻokino appendages. Ka mua holo laterally a aku, i ka lua o ka neʻe aku i ia, ia ma ka hope a me laterally ma ke kahua o ka pilina papa, a me ka kolu hele hoʻi a medially ma ka ai pili aku i ka sphenoid iwi.

vomer

Opener mea unpaired lehalehu t iwi o ka iwipoo. Kēia trapezoidal papa i ua aia i loko o ka nasal lua a me ka hana i ka paku. Verhnezadny lihi pūhaka o ka'ē aʻe wahi. Ua Ua maheleia i elua, a ma ka hewa elua hana hele nuku, a me ka lapa o ka sphenoid iwi. Ka hope palena hoʻokaʻawale choanae, lalo - ua pili i ka ihu kualono palatine iwi, a me ka alo - i loko o kekahi apana me ka nasal septum, a ma ka mea'ē aʻe i ka papa o ka ethmoid iwi.

nasal iwi

Hui kaulua lehalehu t iwi poʻo iwi e hōʻike nasal iwi, e pili ana i ka iwi hope. Kēia lahilahi una me na kihi eha, he keena palena i ka pūhaka, aʻololī ma mua o ka lalo. Ua ua pili i ka frontal iwi, ke kīloi paʻewa - me ka frontal kaʻina hana, a me ka mea ma lalo pu me ka waihona ipu frontal kaʻina hana o ka palena o ka puka o ka nasal lua. Ka mua ili o ka iwi i ka Kaulu, a me ka hope - concave puka olu oia i Groove.

lacrimal iwi

i kēia mau kanaka lehalehu t iwi o ka iwi poʻo i hui kaulua. Ka mea, hooku iho la ia i kekahiʻano fragile papa ma ke ano o ka quadrangle. Me ia, o ka mua paia o ka Astronomical. Ma mua o ka mea, ua hui pu ia me ka frontal kaʻina hana, i ka luna - me ka maka o ka frontal iwi, a me ka hope - me ka papa o ka ethmoid iwi, i ka hoʻomaka o ka i uhi kona medial ili. Ma ke kīloi paʻewa ili e waiho lacrimal lapa o ka waimaka a me ka makau i ka hopena. A mamua mea lacrimal Groove.

cheekbone

Kekahi mau iwi, ma ka hui ana o ka iwi o cerebral a me ka lehalehu t iwi poʻo. Ua ua poe ma ka orbital, kino a me ka kīloi paʻewa surfaces, like hoʻi me frontal a me ke kino keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Ke kīloi paʻewa ili mea ole quadrilateral orbital ano o ka pā o ka Astronomical a me ka infraorbital aina, kino, a - loa infratemporal fossa.

Frontal appendage kŰlń ao keu a kino - ia. Hope o ka zygomatic kaʻina zygomatic e pio 'ano apau loa. Kaulu i ke a luna ua luna ma luna o ka serrated wahi.

lalo iwi

'O kēia ka mea wale lawe lima cranial iwi. He unpaired a he o ka papamoe kino, a me ka mau vertical lālā.

Ke kino Ua manao i loko o ka horseshoe shape a i nā na, a mawaho ili. Kona haʻahaʻa kaʻe ua hanaʻia naʻe, a ua hoʻokōʻia, a me nā luna me ka hana alveolar kahua niho alveoli i i kaawale mai kekahi i kekahi ma i pohā.

Ma mua o ka chin ke aupuni 'protrusion hoomaka iho, a haliu ae la ia i loko o chin tubercle. Ma hope mai, aia no he noʻonoʻo foramen, ma hope i hele mai i ka kēlā laina.

Ma ka waena o ka loko lilo o ka lalo iwi ā ua hookuu chin spine, ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka a he mea he oblong 2-abdominal fossa. Ma ka luna maka, kokoke i ka kahua niho alveoli, o ka sublingual fossa, ma lalo i originates nawaliwali iwi-hyoid laina. A laina ua aia ma lalo o ka submandibular fossa.

Branch iwi ka mahu, ka mea, ua mua a me ka hope o kihi, i waho, a he pāʻili. Ma ka pā hapa o ka māna 'akomi i, a ma luna o ka loko - pterygoid tuberosity.

Branch welau a me ke alo a me ka hope appendages i hohola aku i luna. Ma waena o ia ma laila eʻokiʻoki i ka lalo iwi ā. Anterior kaʻina - coronal, kuhikuhi i ka luna. Buccal waihona meli ua alakaʻiʻia e kona kumu a hiki i ka'ano'ē niho. A e kūkulu appendage condylar nā kūlanaʻelua poo,'ā'ī i kŰlń ao lalo iwi.

hyoid iwi

Iwi o ka lehalehu t māhele o ka puniu wale no hopena hyoid iwi, a ua aia i loko o ka'ā'ī ma waena o ka larynx, a me ka iwi ā lalo. Ua ka loaʻa o ke kino a me ka mau appendages i loko o ka palapala o ka nui a me ka uuku kona mau pepeiao. iwi uma kino, ka mua hapa - ka convex, a me ka hope - concave. Nāʻaoʻao deviate nui kona mau pepeiao, a keu aku, laterally a me ka hope - uuku. Ke hyoid iwi ua kau mai ka iwi poʻo iwi ma nāʻiʻo a me ligaments. Ua Ua pili me ka larynx.

ka hopena

A hiki mākou i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina na iwi lehalehu o ka puniu wale no,'anatomia ua kokoke mai noonoo mua o nā mea a pau pilikia'āina ma luna o ka pā a me ka loko surfaces, ua i hoakaka ia ma ka mea i loaʻa nā lolo nona ka, ganglia a me sensory nā loko.

Iwi i wahi (koe wale no ka haʻahaʻa iwi). Ka mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia keʻano o ka nakaka i loko o ka puniu wale no a me ka maka, e like me ma ka cartilage ma na ami o ka cranial waihona ipu.