Lignin - He aha ka mea? Lignin hydrolysis. Noi o hydrolytic lignin waiwai

Lignin - He aha ka mea? I kela kanaka keia kanaka e e hiki ke pane i kēia nīnau, akā, e ho'āʻo mākou e maopopo. Lignin - he waiwai ia mea i kekahi hapa o ka loa o nā mea kanu a pau ma ka Honua. No hoi ia E e hoike ia no hoi me maikaʻi kēia eiiiiiaiou e like me kelulose a me ka hemicellulose.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka lignin - mea e hōʻoia pono o ka moku pā, a hele nei ka wai, a ua hoʻopau ka mahuaola. Lignin a kelulose mea pu ma ka halepaahao paia, hoomahuahua i ko lakou ikaika. 'Aʻole nā mea kanu i ka hookahi dala o ka hui. Ka hapa nui o ka mea, ua loaʻa i loko o conifers, ma kahi o 40%, akā, ma ka deciduous - wale 25%.

Nā waiwai o ka lignin

Kēia mea He He maoli pīlali pouli lenalena. He kokoke insoluble i loko o ka wai a me ke aloha nā'uheheʻe. Lignin - He aha ka mea me ka 'ole wahi o Hawaii? A ike pane i keia ninau, e ole e hana, no ka mea, i kekahi lālā o nā mea kanu, ai ka waiwai paha e kūpono kou okoa i ka 'ole.

Ma ka decomposition o lignin ua hana nutrient waiwai humus, a Radio nui he kūlana ma ke ano. Aaioee o ka lignin i loko o ka papa ua lilo i ka poe kaua o ka koʻohune, fungi a me kekahi nā mea kolo.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE lanakila ana o keia mea o ia ka mea 'aʻole pono e paka ai ia ia. Ae, ka mea, ua kokoke e hiki ole, lignin ua no laila, paa pili me ke kanu keena, i konaʻimi hoʻopunipuni kaʻawaleʻana o ka luna 'kaʻina.

Ke lignin, ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o i ua lawe mai i ka lā,ʻaʻohe mea'ē aʻe ma mua o like ano o neoneo ma kaʻiʻo pepa aaioee. Ua nalowale A nui nui o ia, akā, maoli he reactivity.

Nā Papahana O Ka kaʻawale lignin

Ke kaʻina hana o ka extracting i ka waiwai, mai ka laau ua lawe mai i kekahi mau hana:

• like o ka waiwai o ka mea;
• hoomaopopo ana i ka nui o ka lignin i loko o nā mea kanu.

Nā Papahana O Ka pōʻalo hope paha i koho ke kaumaha ma muli o ka manaʻo o kona hoʻohana. Inā hou hana mea e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, nā kiʻina hana a hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea uuku loa hopena ma luna o ka 'ole a me ka pono o ka lignin. 'Oiai, he meaʻaneʻane i mau ki ina hana like i makemake kumu hoʻomalu ka loaa ana i ka waiwai ua hoʻololiʻia.

Ma hope o kaawale ana o ka lignin he mau impurities:

• extractives ma hydrolysis haawi insoluble i huiʻia;
• humification huahana o nā pulapula o ke;
• trudnogidrolizuemyh läÿau, he polysaccharides.

ʻO kā mākou pono rula no ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka lignin i ka poʻe ma lalo a he oi nui o ka waiwai. Ma keia hihia, ke lignin ua loaaʻaneʻane noa o impurities, a me kona uuku poho malama.

Ka loa, he pono ole papa hana ua manaoia e e sulfuricʻakika, akā, solyanokislotny hoʻohana nui emi pinepine no ka mea, o ka hana a he leo o ka hana ana me ke kiaʻana i kānaʻakika.

ʻano likeʻole o ka lignin

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka lignin o ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiie o kelulose. Ma kekahi mau mea kanu keia olelo hiki ke hoʻohana 'likeʻole? Iecaianoaaiiuo loea, a no ia mea, lignin loaa pela, ka mea, ua kaiʻewaʻewa ka pono a me ka haku mele' ana.

Ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina hana 'ole mekala' åkilikai sulufahate lignin sulphates loaa i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o nāʻakika - sulfite.

Ke koena unuhi ma waena o kēia mauʻano o kekahi i kekahi,ʻaʻole wale nō o ka haku mele 'ana akā, i ke ano o ka hoʻolilo. Sulphate lignin ua incinerated, a me ka sulphite hoouna aku la i waho pūnaewele i loko o kūikawā pūnaewele mau mea.

Ma hydrolysis hana e lignin hydrolysis.

Waiwai hydrolytic lignin

Kēia powdery waiwai me ka pa apŘ o 1,45 g. / Cm³. Kona waihoʻoluʻu loli aʻe mai ka malamalama beige i kekahi mau malu o ka eleele. Ke lignin maʻiʻo i loko o ia mea e ka ÷ 40 a hiki i 80%.

Hydrolytic lignin, uaʻawahia waiwai a me kiʻekiʻe nona iho no ka adsorption, keia ua hoʻohana 'ana i kona hoʻohana i ka laau lapaau.

Inā 'oeʻehu i ka waiwai a ka wā i hoʻomaloʻo i ka wahie, aole paha e kekahi pilikia o ka Naita. Maloo lignin i'ā kī ana nui dala o ka wela He nui iho la ia. kona mea hō'ā kaʻa ka mahana o 195 degere, a me ka palaho hoʻomaka i ka wela o ka 185 ° C.

? Iecaianoaaiiuo lignin hoomakaukau

Lignin mai ka laau kaʻawale ma ka mea e loaa mai, a laila, i kona lapaʻauʻia no keʻano o nā haʻawina. E hoomanao i lignin loaa ke kahua.

• hana ho'āla kaua wahie? inoaia i ka moku'āina, a ma kekahi mau hihia, i ka palaoa;
• lapaau ana i ka waiʻona-toluene läÿau, e kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o na extractives;
• i ke ano o kaʻakika catalysts, i ole e hooholo ia ana o lignin i loko o ka wailana moku'āina.

Ma ka manufacturing kaʻina, kekahi o ka wailana ano o ka hui, i precipitated, hoomaemae, a maloʻo, ai ka pepe.

Noi o hydrolytic lignin

I loko nō o ka mea i ka waiwai mea nō paʻakikī e recycle ma muli i kona luna 'ano a me ka instability, ia mea hiki ke helu i nāʻokoʻa nāʻoihana ma ka lignin ua hoʻohana' ia. Noi o ka waiwai i ka i kēia mau mea:

• ? iecaianoaaiiuo o ka wahie briquettes;
• like me ka ieoaeunoai wahie;
• ? iecaianoaaiiuo hoemi konohiki no kekahi i eliiaʻi a me silikone;
• filler i loko o nā lula ea Ke hana mau;
• ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka wahie kinoea;
• hana o fertilizers;
• ? iecaianoaaiiuo o herbicides;
• like maka mea no? iecaianoaaiiie o phenol, aceticʻakika;
• ? iecaianoaaiiuo o ka ho'ā 'kalapona;
• like me ka sorbent no ka lapaau ana i hoʻokiwikā a me ka hanalima effluents;
• ? iecaianoaaiiuo o ka lāʻau;
• ? iecaianoaaiiuo o nā pōhaku lepo a me ka pālolo huahana.

Kumu no ka hoomahuahua i loko o koi no ka lignin

Lignin hydrolysis mea he wahie maikai a, ma luna o'ā, produces he nui nui o ka ikaika. Eia hou, i ka maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o keia ikehu mau mea nō ho'āmana a me ka pāhana.

'Aʻole wale nō i loko o ko kakou aupuni, aka, a puni ke ao nei a ianoiyuaa a topical pukana o ka ikehu kaʻaʻokoʻa kumu. E hana i kēia, ma laila nō i ka helu o nā kumu, i waena o mākou a ke helu i nā kēia:

1. Natural ikehu nā moku halihali mokulele - lanahu, ka aila a me ke kinoea koi no kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo ka hoʻohana kekahi mau ano o ke kuai ole ia. Kēia hiki ole akā, pili i ka mau mahuahua ko lakou waiwai.
2. Ikehu kumu i mea a ianoiyuaa a ma ka hoʻohana, e exhaustible kumu waiwai, no laila, ma laila nō e hiki mai i ka manawa, i ka wa e aneane hoʻohana i na lako.
3. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka 'ano like kumu o ka ikehu ua hauma¯na ma ka moku'āina ma na aina.

Lignin like wahie

Me ka i keia la, oi a oi pinepine me kekahi koho wahie i hoʻohana lignin. He aha ka mea a pehea aole mea nana e like?

Ka waiwai He sawdust me ka ona mau maʻiʻo o ka mai i 70%, a lauwili ka haku mele 'ana ke kaumaha ma muli o ka maka mea. Lākou 'ole ka mea i like loa ke charcoal, a i ka mea he nui ka helu o ka moku ili. Ka waiwai o keia mea ae, e kiola aku la i kona briquetting a me ka pelletizing. Inā ke kiʻekiʻe-puʻe hana ma luna o ia i ka pōpō palaoa, ka mea huli i loko o ka h ÷ ea nuipa a.

Nā pellets i mai ia lignin, i kiʻekiʻe ka wela dissipation, akā, ka mea, aole e paka nui uwahi. Wahie briquettes a me pellets i kiʻekiʻe-kbps mea, a puhi i ka hailona o ka wela, a me kaʻaneʻane i ka pouli. Ua hiki e manao ia ka lignin mea he maikaʻi maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka wahie briquettes.

I ka hoʻohana 'ana o lignin ma ka lepo lā ke ano

Ka waiwai i loko o ka pauka moku'āina loaa kona hoʻohana me ka mea hoʻonui i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o anoaeuoiauo pōhaku puna. Ka hoʻohana a hydrolyzed lignin e leie aku oe i ka:

• hoonui i ka ikaika, ka wai ia'ku a me ka e kū'ē'ē mai i ńlua;
• hoola alanui-hale lako;
• me ka nui loa hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka? aneeo kulana home' ole i loko o nā wahi ma kahi neoneo ua waiho waho;
• hoʻihoʻi hou fertility o ka aina, a i hoʻohana ma lalo o ka huhui.

Ma ke alanui kaiaulu i lawa pono e hoʻohana lignin. Kona waiwai ka poe hana pela e ka mea e leie aku oe ia me ka nui loa hoʻoikaika i ka mea e like ai o ka hale mea. Eia kekahi, lignin haawi mai i ka manawa e puku kumukuai mea hoʻonui.

lignin nā mea loaʻa

Nā mea loaʻa o ka waiwai i lignosulfonates, a i hoohuiia e sulfite iaoia laau aaioee. Lignosulfonates i kiʻekiʻe haʻawina, ka ho'āʻana ia, e loaʻa kā lākou palapala noi i loko o kekahi mau hana:

• aila hana (hoʻoponopono iho waiwai o ka ʻeli muds) ;
• Foundry (e hana e like me ka mea hoʻopaʻa i loko o nā nā mea huihuina);
• ? iecaianoaaiiuo o ka pōhaku puna;
• ? ieoaeunoai hana (like emulsifiers i loko o ka emulsions o ke alanui);
• maka mea no ka makaukau o ka vanillin;
• mahiai (mahi e ole ka'aʻaiawā).

Sulphate lignin i ke kiʻekiʻe nuʻa, a me ka Nine Inch e kū'ē'ē mai. I ka maloo moku'āina - he mea eleele he lepo lā i hoike mai i ka ammonia, mekala 'åkilikai,'etolina glycol, dioxins.

Ke sulphate lignin mea oleʻawahia, i pilikia, a uaʻawa mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ke ahi p ÷ ino. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia:

• like me ka plasticizer i loko o ka hana o ka pālolo 'atikala, pōhaku puna;
• like maka mea no ka? iecaianoaaiiie o nā lula a me phenol-formaldehyde kēpau;
• like me ka loulou i loko o ka hana o ka paperboard, pepa a me ka lāʻau-ka nānā 'ana i nā mea;
• me ka mea hoʻonui i loko o ka hana o ka laholio a me ka latex.

Ua manawa i ike pehea hoʻomano hoʻohana lignin. He aha ka mea e ole kekahi 'aʻole ole i pilikia, mai ka manawa ana i kona ano o keia waiwai ka loa nui ma koi i keia la o ka honua.

Lapaau nānā 'ana i lignin

E like me mākou i ike, o ka pono o ka hydrolyzed lignin, a ua ala paha kēia i loko o ka 'inikua kula. 'Oe ke helu i nā kēia mau ai' ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ia:

• "Lignosorb" ua hōʻike no nā maʻi o ka gastrointestinal'āpana, ai kaʻapu kōheoheo;
• "Polifan" i ka ia hoike e pili ana i ke noi;
• "Polyphepan" lawe mai ke ola no ka diarrhea a me ka dysbacteriosis;
• "Filtrum-STI";
• "Entegnin".

Ka hoʻohana o "Polyphepan"

Kekahi inoa no keia la hoomalolo - lignin hydrolysis. Ua ua hua mai i loko o ka palapala o granules, Wehe 'ia mai, me ka pauka, a me ka huaale. Lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau, ka mea, ua nānā 'ana ma luna o lignin. Na Ke Kumu ma ka noi hākālia nō ia i ka lāʻau mea pono hiki ke paa microorganisms a me kā lākou mau metabolic huahana.

Eia kekahi, ma lalo o ka hana o ka lāʻau detoxifiedʻawahia waiwai o kekahi ano: kaumaha i eliiaʻi, radioactive isotopes, ammonia. Lignin hāpai hydrolytic detoxification o ka meaola, e like me ka hoʻolako 'antioxidant a me ka lipid-hakumakuma kanawai.

Eia ka he lōʻihi papa o ka piʻi like ua lignin! Instruction kekahi paipai i lawe i kēia k, hiki oe compensate no ka nele o dietary puluniu i loko o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, a i 'Imi komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka digestion, normalize microflora a me ka hoʻoikaika' ana e hoʻonele.

Nāʻikepili no ka komo "Polyphepan" i:

• maʻi a huʻi gastrointestinal maʻi;
• ai kaʻapu kōheoheo;
• diarrhea;
• mea hoʻomaʻi hepatitis;
• cholera;
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• salmonellosis;
• colitis;
• allergic reactions;
• kāna hana a momona pūnao i loko o ke kino;
• loaa wā ma hope o chemotherapy paha pāhawewe;
• gynecological pilikia: candidiasis, vaginosis.

A he oiaio, ua nui ka papa inoa o nāʻikepili mai ia i ka lāʻau ', like lignin. Na Ke Kumu pū memo kekahi contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity i ka lāʻau;
• maʻi constipation;
• gastritis;
• mimikō.

Ma? Eaia ligninʻaoʻao 'ole e hana: he allergic naoh paha constipation.

Nā Papahana no ana ka lapaʻauʻia a me kona laʻau heluna ua hoʻonoho Kauka ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o kaʻike, a me ke ano. Nō kāu hoakakaʻai ana o lignin oiai ka hebedoma, akā, hiki ke hoomahuahua ae la lakou mai me kekahi mau pilikia o ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka Inc a hiki i ka mahina.

Kālaikaiaola a me ka lignin

Kēia waiwai a ua hua mai i ka nui dala ma kaʻiʻo pepa aaioee. Ua pelupelu ia i loko o nui puʻu, a he hoʻonui i ka haumia ea. Eia hou, eia na hihia o ka noho'na makaainana i ulu'ā o ka lignin.

I ka lā, ka mea, o ka mea hilo o ka waiwai i like wahie, mai ma hope o kona'ā he nui ka nui o ka wao akua, a i pōʻino ke ano. Lignin loaa kona palapala noi i loko o na hana, no laila, mua o nā mea a pau ia mea nui, e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o? Aneeo palekana o ke kaiapuni.