Maʻi o kaʻuala, a me ko lakou malama. Uala: pests a me ka maʻi

Ka uala ulu pono ma ka aneane kekahi aniau. He toleratesʻakika ka lepo, akā, i ka wa e ohi ai ua nui hou ma hope o liming. A nui ka nui o ka ona mau, a me ka malamalama e, ma ka mea, o ka olelo wale no kaʻuala e ulu ana. A hiki ma lalo o maikaʻi rula, me ka moʻomeheu i loko o ka pilikia o ka maʻiʻaʻai ma fungi, nā mea hoʻomaʻi a me koʻohune. Here mākou e nānā i ka walaʻauʻana a me ka pilikia paʻa pāʻoihana mea e kōkua ai i Makuakane ole wale me ka hōʻike examples, akā, i ole he nui 'ē aʻe like maʻi. I loko nō o ka mea i ka auoiaea o ka uala hoʻopale i ka hopena o makika,, nematode, a me ka pehupala, a me nā maʻi pests nō hoʻomau i luku aku ai. Akā, no ka mea,ʻenemi ka mea, o kona mau mea kaua.

Maʻi o kaʻuala , a me ko lakou malama

A nui ka helu ana o kekahi mau enemi o ka uala me ka nui loa ho'ēmi i kā ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻai. Mau nā ole wale fungi a me nā mea kolo, akā, i nā mea hoʻomaʻi infecting na tubers a me nā'ōpuʻu, a pale ulu maʻamau. No keia kumu, ia mea nui, e pana aku au i ka hailona o ke kāohi ana ma mua kanu a me ka manawa o ka ulu, e malama i kou mau uala. Maʻi a me nā pests i alahula mau poino, no laila ia mea pono e kālele 'i ke kālā, a hoopakele ia oe iho no ka hana ma mua o losing ka hapalua o kaʻohi.

Ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka lāʻau a me nā Nine Inch ho'ēmi i kā ka'aiaola ka pono o ka uala, ka mea hiki e nā palapala a me ka weliweli ole wale no ka pono nā mea kolo, na holoholona a me na manu, akā, no hoi no kanaka. Maʻi o kaʻuala, a me kā lākou hooponopono ana i kauoha mai nānā 'mamua i ke kanu. E mākou noʻonoʻo i au mamuli a pau o ko lākou mau laha 'ma keia mea. No ka nui piha kaʻaluna o ka 'ike i loko o ka' atikala he mea he Hawaii photo o kaʻuala maʻi a me pests i mea parasitic ma na tubers.

wireworms

Wireworms - he uhini lele larvae, wireworms. He He liʻiliʻi oho insect 12-15 mm o. Ka inoa, ua loaa no ka mea,ʻo ia ka kāhoʻi kani, huli i kona kua ma kona mau kapuwai manamana. Kekahi wahine e waiho aku ma waena o 50 a me 200 hua i loko o ka luawai, a me ka i hōʻike i loko o ka malamalama zloschastnyj wireworms. Larvae ke hoopau i ka a pau kekahi mea kanu, no laila, mua o nā mea a pau ia mea e pono ai i ka hoʻopale 'ia mai ka pilikia ia lakou iho.

Ke kaua ana i ka wireworm

Aia nō i ka mea pono, e hakakā i kēia parasite aoao ekolu:

1. Huikala nō hoʻi lākou uala e kui ma luna o ka lāʻau, a kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka lepo o ka hola 7 kenimika. Ua mea maikaʻi, e hana i kekahi o kēia mau uala, e uhi i ka nui wahi. Ke larvae o ke kaomi'ūhini lele me hōʻuluʻulu au ma luna o laila, a me ka eha lā ma hope, e ano e eli ana ia. Ia, Mai pepehi i ka pests e e hoʻohana baila aʻela i ka wai a me ke ahi.
2. I ka wā kanu uala i loko o ka lepo ninini iho pua nānālā aila me finely hoʻowali iwi o ka hua. Oia ka pāʻoihana e pepehi wireworms ia i loaʻa ai i na uala ma mua. Kēia hana, e hookuu aku i wale mai wireworm, nui no hoi na hanaʻeliʻana nā mea kolo e pepehi i loko o ia ka pāʻoihana, e laʻa me, kameleona cricket.
3. Mau pule ma mua kanu eli i loko o ka lepo palaoaʻanoʻano,ʻaʻole - ma kahi 2-3 lewa no huinahalike mika. Wireworms,ʻo ole waleʻuala, larvae hauʻoli, a hoakoakoa mai a puni ka mānoanoa. I ka palaoa omaka ae, e hiki ke eli i, hao larvae, a kuni i ka mea ia a ninini kapuahi e ka wai.

Late makika,

Late makika, (Phytophthora) - mea ole wale ke kumu o ka lilo o ke kamako kekahi mea kanu, akā, i ka loa e like me ka maʻi o ka uala, a me kā lākou mau hooponopono mea nui no nā mahiʻai, irrespective o kekahi mea kanu. Uala hopena o makika, mea pakahi aku la iaʻino wale i, mai no elua pule ke iho mailoko a pau kahua. Poho hiki 70% o kaʻohi. Late makika, hohola ma fungal spores, e leie aku ia ia, e neʻe koke lola honua, a iho mailoko o tubers.

I ka lā i kakahiaka nui o ka helehelena o ka hopena o makika,ʻia i loko o ka malu o na lau. Nō hoʻi ma kaʻaoʻao lalo o ka pepa i Konakele. Keʻokeʻo ka penaʻana. Kēia germinating spores o ka fungus. Ka mea, haule iho la, infecting i kaʻuala aʻa a me ka hua. A iki ma hope ma ka tubers ikeia mea eleele kiko.

Ke kaua ana i ka hopena o makika,

Mea fungus pono nui luna 'ana. No laila, 'oe e:

• E ho ohana i ka uala hoʻopale i ka hopena o makika,.
• Wae ola tubers no ke kanu.
• Lawelawe tubers fungicidal konohiki.
• I ka ka mea mua spud pono.
• E hoomahuahua oe i ka mahele lāʻau o ka phosphorus-potasiuma mea hoʻomomona.
• Pili fertilizers i loaʻa ka keleawe, a me kaʻawa me ka pāʻoihana o ke keleawe sulufahate.
• Wehe i ka piko ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻai.

nematode

"Nematode" maʻi mea,ʻaʻole he mea hoʻomaʻi a me ka ole koʻohune a me microscopic ilo, he parasite ma kaʻuala. Hōʻoia loaʻa nui pest wale, ina laau uuku mae wale, a me kā lākou uuku lau i ole ai hoi haikea kala like 'ole, ka nematode mea. Ka nalu i frail a me ka uuku aa. Ma July, mau aa e e kala uuku, (me ka hapalua o ka millimeter) me ka uuku spike in. Kēia nematode wahine, ina e hoomau i ka ulu, ka mea, e huli mai i loko o cysts, a i waiho i loko o ka lepo no 15 makahiki. Ke cyst Ua ka hola 600 ilo hua.

ke kaōhiʻana nematodes

Ma hope iho o ke ano o na nematodes pono e kali i ka liʻiliʻi 6 makahiki ma mua lulu hou o ka paena. Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō nāʻaoʻao.

Uala i kakahiaka nui a me ka poe nematode papa poho noae i loko o kekahi, ahu iho ua pīpī me ka hunahuna ai a me ka peat kanu 20 lā. Ma hope o 50 mau lā, i ka wa e ohi ai ua ohi, a me ka wahi ua pono ua holoiʻia mai o nā luna. Ka paena iho ua luluia me ka pī a me ka palaoa. Kēia, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka'āina, mai ka ilo ma ka hola 70%.

Inā ka paena lulu rai, ka mea, ua hoi me ka nui loa emi i ka heluna o ka parasite.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i kaʻuala nematode,ʻo oi ma mua o nā mea kanu.

pehu pala

Ka loa, he pono ole ma hope o ka weuweu makika, o kaʻuala maʻi - pehu pala. Ua deteriorates ka quality, marketable tuber pia, a emi ia ma ka aneane 30%. Ka hua ua hoemi aneane ma ka hapalua. Ma waho pūnaewele iho mailoko o tubers i loa susceptible e popoʻole.

Ke causative Agena o ka ohia pehu pala mea he fungus - ka fungus radiant. Ka uala ka mea komo ma lenticels a me mechanical poino, ho okumu ia ma ka ili o ulcers, i merge pu, a hana i ka Cork'aʻaʻa. Tuber ikeia keʻokeʻo ka penaʻana - radiant mycelium o ka fungus. I ka maloo, nalo lakou, a me kaʻiʻo mea kokoke ua hoʻololiʻia.

Aia he elima ke ano o lesions:

• Palahalaha. Ka mea, e loli ai i ka ili o ka opiopio tubers mai a ka rind hoopaakiki hoi.
• Hei. Ua uhi Heʻano o tubers hei Groove.
• Convex. Eia kahi mea akaka i loko o ka palapala o ke kaumaha, a i hope uhiʻia me ka hikoko.
• Deep. Deep ulcers o kekahi mau kinona hoopuniia lakou, mai hemo mai ihi. Kekahi 'ka wā o kaʻuala wa e oki ai.
• Convex-hohonu. A me ka hui pu ana o nā 'ano o ke poho. Ka ulu o ke me ka hohonu ulcers a me nā waimaka i loko o kaʻili.

Pehu pala pathogens i waiho i loko o ka lepo no kekahi mau makahiki. Ka mea, e unaffected ma adverse climatic aʻe i hoopaa iho, a hiki i ka wi, a ma ka wela -30 ° C. Hot a me ka maloo ka ino i flowering paipai 'ia ka maʻiʻaʻai wale.

Ke kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai mea mau lepo. Tubers iho mailoko o kekahi i kekahi, e hiki ole, no laila, ka mea hiki e waiho waho a me ka pu.

kaua pehu pala

Pehu pala paʻakikī i ka malama 'ana, no laila, he mea hiki ole ke hoola i ka iho mailoko o uala. Maʻi a me pests o nāʻano a hiki loa "ia" e pili ana i kā lākou mau helehelena, akā, me ka mea a pau ma ka maikai, e hana ma ka mua me ka kōkua o ke kēia mau kaʻina hana:

• Iʻohi kuapo.
• Mahi o ka wahi o ka launahele manure ulu.
• Ka hoʻohanaʻana i ola hua no ka hua lulu.
• Ka hoʻohana aʻakika fertilizers.
• Akahele hoʻomākaukau.
• Ka hoʻohana a hoʻopaleʻano likeʻole.
• Maʻamau hooinu ai i ka ulu wa pono.

Alternaria

I ka maʻi i palahalaha ae kela wahi keia wahi, kahi uala i ulu. Maʻi a me ka lapaʻau Solanaceae mea kanu nō oi? Anoee ma ka hema wahi, e like me ia ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka maikaʻi rula no ka ulu a me ka laha ana o fungi, a i hoolilo i ka alternaria.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wā o ka maʻi ke hoike mai ai ia ia iho ma naʻano likeʻole. Maʻiʻaʻai hoʻomaka ma hope o ka ua a me ke kaumaha hau. spores hāʻule ma na mawae, me mechanical poino a kūlohelohe kaumaha. ʻakika hoʻomaka e hookaawale mai i anei i popoʻole a me ka make. Ma haʻahaʻa ana wela i ka hooulu kānaka, akā, i ka wela weliweli mai ka heluna o kaʻohi. Incubation mau mai a hiki i ka hebedoma.

Ka mua na hoailona i hiki ma luna o nā mea kanu uuku i ka 20 knm, hope ma luna o ka lau ikeia pouli eleele kiko. Ma lalo o maikaʻi rula no ka hooulu ana hiki ke ike i ke kolu o ka lā. Aʻuʻuku ma hope, ma laila nō kekahi smoky-oho conidia. Poino māhele o nā mea kanu i fragile a me ka pahee.

Tubers hou embossed pouli mau kiko popoʻole, i kekahi manawa i wrinkles. Ultimately, na tubers olalo i ka popoʻole loa zasyhaya a me ka blackening.

Ke kaua ana i ka Alternaria

Ma ka hema wahi o kaʻuala maʻi a me kā lākou mau hooponopono ana i kauoha mai kūikawā noonoo. Aia mau aoao ekolu e hoʻopale ai i kaʻai i waena:

1. Agronomy. E hoʻohana i wale olakino kanuʻia, hoʻopale i ka maʻi, iʻohi kuapo, malama a me ka mai i hoopoina i ke kakahiaka nuiʻano likeʻole o ka uala i susceptible loa i ka maʻiʻaʻai. Hua pono e hoʻomehana i ka mau pule mua i mahana mai i 20 ° C. Ma waho pūnaewele, eʻoiaʻiʻo ia i ua ole iho mailoko o tubers. Alternaria hiki ke pū i hiki mai kekahi hua i kekahi. Wehe i ka piko i loko o ka 'eleu kūpono, ia mea maikaʻi, e pana aku au i desiccation hoʻohana kūikawā hana.
2. Kālaimeaola. ʻehu na tubers mua kanu ai ' "integral", "Bactofit" a me "Planriz".
3. Nine. Hoomakaukau "mākou Ridomil Gold", "EDC" a me ka "Bravo" e höʻike aku 'oe i nā mea a pau? Ueony fungi,' auʻa 'ia o ka oluolu kaiapuni. hiki no hoi oeʻehu o ka uala me ka pāʻoihana o ke fungicide "Maxim" mua pae.

Maʻi o kaʻuala, a me kā lākou hooponopono, e like me nā pests, mau koi kūikawā noonoo. I ka wa e ohi ai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pono o nā koi a pau i halawai me. Kēia 'atikala mea,ʻaʻole i loko o make hewa E hoike mai a me ka Hawaii photo uala maʻi, no ka mea, o kaʻenemi pono i loko o kanaka.