Markus Wolf: Kawaihae, hana, kiʻi

Anei oe i ka mea i ke poʻo o ka mea maikaʻi manao i loko o ke ao nei? ʻO wai lā ka mea Markus Wolf? Mākou kamailio e pili ana i ke poo o ka Main manao Oihana, e pili ana i kona ohana a me ke ola.

Kawaihae

Markus Wolf Ua hanau 01.19.1923 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Hechingen. He nui i loko o kaʻohana o nā kauka, a playwright. Ma hope o Hitler hele mai i ka mana kaulana no kona provocative olelo makua kāne o Mareko ke noho i loko o Kelemania, ua pilikia loa.

Neʻe ana ma Rusia

Hope e noho ana no kekahi manawa ma Kuekene a me Farani, Wolff hoʻoneʻe i ka Lūkini kapikala. Aia ka mea, Ua haawiia mai Soviet kupa. Ma hope o ka ohana elua World War Mareko ke i evacuated i Bashkiria. Aia, Markus Wolf hele aku i kekahi kula kūikawā kahi hoʻomākaukau 'Oihana ma ke kahua o ka manao, a ma hope o sabotageʻenemi laina.

Puka a me ka 'oihana mua

Ma hope o ka pau 'ana o ka Great Patriotic War, i hoouna aku ai i Pelelina Markus Wolf. I ke kau makahiki 1945,ʻo ia i hana i ka Pelelina Radio, a ma ka puka paiia o ka "Berliner Zeitung". I ka MH 1946, pu me nā correspondents, Wolf i ninaninau 'ana me ka Nuremberg e hookolokolo ai.

I ka makahiki 1950, o Mareko i ka kalaiaina nā mākau a me ka reporter aayoaeuiinoe, e like me ke kipaʻEulopa'āina. 02.08.1950 makahiki ma hope o ka ho okumu ana o ka GDR, ua hanaia ke Keʻena o ka aina e malu ai ( "Stasi"). Ka mea, nāʻimi loa i ka lewa, makakiʻi ka manawa mua ma lalo o kaʻaʻahu o oicyenoaaiiie haʻawina kulanui. Mai kona inception, Markus Wolf lilo kekahi hapa o kona hooponopono.

Mai 1958 a hiki i 1987, ua hoonohoia ke keiki a ka playwright poʻo o ka papa kuhikuhiE undercover alakaʻi, a ua hope kuhina o ka aina maluhia o ka GDR. I loko o kona hooponopono o ka German aupuni Lepupalika i ka loa ka hoʻokō kiu hana i loko o ka huipuia o ka Warsaw Pact. Ka loa nui E hana 'ia kona mau hoʻoponopono nā NATO lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe financier Rainer Rupa.

sacking

I ka 1983, Wolf haʻalele, akā, i kona noi noʻonoʻo wale nō ma hope o 3 makahiki. Ma hope iho o ka reunification o Germany Head o ka Central manao Markus Wolf, i noi aku ai i ke kaiapili-pili aupuni malu, mai ke Soviet Union, akā, i hōʻole.

kipi

ka mea, ua ike ia ka mau o ka autopsy manao palapala, i ka hoomaau ana o kona mau nā hoapili, e like me ke ola i ka 3 hookolokolo ma luna iho. Colonel-General Mareko ke Wolf i kauoha me ka kiʻekiʻe kipi. I ka makahiki 1993,ʻo ia ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi ma ka High Kiekie o Düsseldorf i 6 makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao. Ke verdict Ua hope hōʻoki aku.

Books Wolf

A nui helu o nā puke i kākau Markus Wolf. Kawaihae o General loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ka 'ike e pili ana i ia mau mea. Ka loa kaulana o kona mau puke: "Troika" a me ka "Friends mai e make." Ka hope kākau poe ma Rusia.

Markus Wolf (makahiki o ke ola - 1923-2006), e like me mākou i loaa, o ka 'oihana scout ole wale, akā, i ka mea kākau nui.

Pōmaikaʻi iāʻoe ma kaʻaoʻao o Mareko ke

Ma ka makahiki o ke ola ana o ka scout akaaka loaa. Famous lawa i loko o kona kaiapili ua Markus Wolf. Ka ohana, e like me ka makou i ike ai mamua, i ikeia hoomaikai aku i kona makua kāne, playwright, mea kākau a me ka Iudaio. I ka 1937, ka wā ua hopuʻia e ka nui o ka pili aupuni pio, Mareko keʻohana i koe ma nui. Ka mea, ua i ka hope fluke. He hana hoihoi 'ia ma hope o nā hanana o ka 37th makahiki o ka wā e hiki mai laulā maʻamau vitae scout he loa maemae ma mua o ka noho aupuni ana.

Iwalani Wolff, a ma hope o ka puka scouts. Hope aʻo i hoouna mai la ia i ka mua laina. Mua, kokoke e pau inexperienced scouts mea i hoouna mai ai i ka hana make. He mahalo i ka olelo hooholo o ka hooponopono ana o Mareko wa e ola ana.

dizzying 'oihana

Ua Ua manaoio ia ua kukulu ai Wolff i incredibly nui 'oihana. I ka makahiki o ka iwakalua-eiwa makahiki, lilo iho la oia i ka luna o ka GDR manao. Mareko ke kūkā ana i kona 'oihana mahalo a me ka palapala e pili ana ia ia dissertation. Wolf ia ia iho i loa ua'ōleloʻia ma luna o kona mau kânaka 'oihana. Ma ka ninau ana o ka manawa i oleloia, oia mau mai la dryly a concisely.

Ke kumu no ka resignation a me ke ola ma hope o ia

Ke mau kumu o ka resignation koe i ka mea pohihihi a hiki i kēia lā. Ua ua ike ia ma ka makahiki 1986, Markus Wolf manaoio aku i ka nele o ka moku'āina i ka lokomaikaʻi, reformation, a me ka GDR alakaʻi manao he okoa. Sources hoike i keia mea i ke kumu no ka haalele, no ka mea, i ka makahiki o Mareko ke i ole ia mea, a me ka GDR, ia ia ka pili maikaʻi. Ma waho aʻeo ia Wolf ka resignation ia i hoʻopiʻi 'ia Colonel-Nui.

Like mākou ho'ākāka mua, ua hele i ka hoomau, Markus Wolf lilo hoihoi i kākau puke. Der Trojka - kona kaulana paiia, ma ka mea ana i hoahewaia Stalinism, a me ka mahalo ia e pili ana i Gorbachev ka perestroika. General Wolf Ua hiki no ia e hilinai ai, no ka mea, ua ike e pili ana i Stalinism oi ma mua o na mea e ae. Keia hana ua loaa ia hiʻona ole wale i loko o ka GDR, akā, i loko o ke Komohana.

Interestingly, ka Wolf ma hope o ka puke o ka puke i lilo kekahi o na kumu nui dissidents a me ka ikaika no ka kūkuluʻana i ka hikina Germany.

Man Me ka Recycle

"Man Me ka Recycle" - he pseudonym no laila, ke West i ua kapa Markus Wolf. Photo o Colonel-General hiki i loaʻa mai i nā scouts. He hana hoihoi ia ana Wolf hele ke alalai ole a puniʻEulopa. I ka 1979 i ka hope o Mareko ke holo aku la a hiki i Kelemania, a hōʻike 'ia i kona kūlana ma luna o kekahi o nā kiʻi paʻi ia ma Stockholm. Soon, keia Hawaii photoʻikeʻia ma luna o ka uhi ana o kekahi Magazine.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ke ola o ka scout

E like me ka makou i olelo mua, kekahi manawa i ka opiopio scout noho i loko o ka Soviet Union. I mea no ke aha la malaila ka mea, ua kapaia o Misha, e like me ka inoa o Marekoʻelemakule "ʻoki" i ka lono.

He hana hoihoi 'ia i loko o ka Lūkini kula Kelemānia keiki hoʻomanaʻo no ka lōʻihi manawa. Incredibly, no ka mea, komo i ke kula ana i hanaʻi ma kahi o ekolu kakini o grammar, punctuation a me ka mika hewa i loko o ka Lūkini haole, a ua hiki no i ka pukana au flunked i ka hōʻike ma ... Kelemānia! A hiki i ka pau ana o kona ola Mareko ke alalai ole ia mai, a me ka makau kuhohonu ana i olelo mai ai Russian, a hiki i ka pela rula.

Mareko ke Family. Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Ua uaʻikeʻia i loko o kona ola Wolf i mare eha manawa. Ka hope ka inoa o kana wahine Andrea. Ka mea, he mau keiki eha, mau moopuna umikumamakahi a me ka nui-moopuna elua. He hana hoihoi 'ia kekahi o nā moʻopuna kāne Scout inoa Michael me ke keiki, a kapa iho o Mareko. Na makahiki hope o kona ola lilo ma ka reconnaissance Pelelina i loko o ka Kauhale me kona ohana. Ohua chores ma ka Kauhale ninoaaeyao kekahi o ka mea kahiko puka poe noho, a ho'ōla lilo i lâlâ o ka 'ohana,ʻaʻole pono ke governess.

I ka makahiki elua hope o kona ola Mareko ke makemake e hoʻonānea ma Hungary, a halawai pu me nā hoapili mua ma luna o ke kiaha o ke kope. I loko nō o kona nui makahiki, i loko o nā makahiki hope o kona ola Wolf pinepine hoala mai ai i ke kahe a Koi ikaika ma luna o ka piha, e pili no scouts kahiko. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, nui wale na makamaka, nā hoapili a me nā hoa o Mareko i e kali ana, a ma hope o nā-tausani makahiki.

pohihihi kanaka

I loko nō o ka German kanawai, ke hoomau ua uku he paltry akamai? Aaiuo. Markus Wolf hoʻolimalima i ka umikumamalima makahiki hope o kona ola ma ke kākau 'buke, a e unuhi' ia i loko o nā 'ōlelo a pau o ka honua, e like me ka pono me filming documentaries a me ka lehulehu haʻi'ōlelo. Kiʻiʻoniʻoni ua kāheaʻia lākou mahalo me ka pili ana i nā puke i kākau 'Markus Wolf. Lakou manaoio i ka mea kākau i ka kūikawā talena o ka narrator, Scout. He ike pehea i ka oiaio hōʻike ai i hope heluhelu no naʻe iā ia oi ninau ma mua o kana olelo ana.

Surprisingly, Wolf i o autobiographical puke kākau, a komo i loko o ka filming o documentaries ma hope, me kona wahine paha, e waiho ana no he mea pohihihi.

Wolf ma interrogations

Wolf ka oko ao ole wale kekahi hanana talena, no ka kākau puke. Ua ua ike ia ma mua o ia i kona hoʻomaha,ʻo ia iā ia i nā interrogations i i hōʻike i kona mau nā hoapili, a i ka hewa a pau. O Mareko i mau manaoio i ka hana i ka mea pono, e like me ke kuleana o ia no ia. No ka mea, ua honesty ma luna o kona mau hope hookolokolo hou opiopio General, he mea hewa, akā, i hoonohoia ma mull uuku hoomau.

Ma muli naʻe o na mea a pau, i ka uhane o Mareko ke i na manawa a pau i loko o Lūkini. He i hoʻomalolo i aloha ia ia. Ua mea me ia, a hai mai la i kona ike pono i ka 'ōlelo, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i i hala he nui makahiki mai ka manawa o kona noho ai ma laila. A hiki i ka makahiki hope o kona ola ana, General mau kipa i kona kaikuahine, ka mea i noho ma luna o ka Embankment ma Moscow, a ua mahalo i ke kulanakauhale Lūkini.

Ka loa vivid Memories

Ma ka hālāwai ninaninau koke ma mua o kona make ana, i ke kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa noi Wolff e pili ana i ka brightest Memories o ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi. Surprisingly, Mareko ke i mai la i ka loa Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou kekahi hanana - ua hui ka Young Communist o Oʻahu, me pono me ke kauwela hoʻomoana.

Great kanaka

Alaheo kanaka ua Markus Wolf. Makahiki o ka hānauʻana a me ka make Mokuahana ae la ka makahiki-eha makahiki, no ka a Markus ike okoa ia ia iho e like me ke kanaka, i ka mea kākau a me ka manao makai me ke poʻo palapala. I loko nō o ka pilikia o ke ola, Wolf loaʻa maikaʻi kela makahiki. E like ma mua o kona makeʻana,ʻo ia ua incrediblyʻeleu a me kaʻoluʻolu kanaka. He mea mau pomaikai ke kamailio ana i kanaka a me ka haawi ana kūkākūkā. Wolf, ua hiki ole i ke akamai a me ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kekahi pilikia. He ua mau Ua pono a me ka maikai. Incredibly, oia ole ia i kona mau nā hoapili. Oia he nui kanakaʻiʻo mai i ka puu e aʻo.