Modernism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone. Styles o kuhikuhipuʻuone. Hoikehonua, styles o kuhikuhipuʻuone

Modernism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone a me oe kekahi manawa pioloke me ka modernity. Oia ka misconception mea maopopo, no ka mea, ke hele mai, mai ka mau kūpili: cognates hōʻike e pili ana i ka ia mea, akā, ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mea okoa ke kulana. Nouveau - he manawa e Ho'ākāka 'o ka mōʻaukala wā i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ke akamai, no ka mea hoi modernism - he definite kuhikuhi, a ua wehewehe aku ole oukou i kaʻu mea e kūikawā' ikamu, me he waiver o ka hana a me ka pulakaumaka o mua makahiki.

Ua hiki a me ka pono e wehe ole wale me he kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, akā, i ka mōʻaukala kŰia. Ma a me ka nui, ka mea, ua he litmus ho'āʻo i pane koke i ka mea a pau i hiki ole wale i loko o ka honua a me ka malu i ka mau, akā, i loko o nā manaʻo o ka kanaka. Modernism - mika nānaina o ke ola, i ka hōʻailona no ka manaolana o ka manawa.

Where?

ka manawa ia originates mai ka Italia, ma ka olelo modernismo unuhi like "laekahi ma." Nui, i nā 'ōlelo a pau i loko o keia ano, surprisingly hui - mai he likeʻano, a me ka Palani hua'ōlelo moderne, a me Pelekānia - kēia.

Ke Hekikai o modernism i triggered e ka makemake e hoʻoneʻe i ka qualitatively hou kiʻekiʻe o ke ola i loko o nā mea a pau kona hoike ana. Ke hou kenekulia a me ka 'ike loea hou i hana i ka cult o ka' epekema ma kona hypertrophied ano, i hiki ke Hahai I a hiki i ka ia "hyperboloid o ka lunaʻenehana Garin". Ka heluna o Europe i loko o ka 20-ies o XX kenekulia i kipaku aku i ka hoʻoilina o ka hala, a dramatically i hōʻano hou i nā styles o kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua loaa i ka hooulu ana o ka modernism ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka Hope, nā ma ka Arena kālai'āina like hoʻi me nā kānaka i ka manaʻo i loko o. Eia hou, he hou nā mea kū i ke naoh i ka oi o ka pathos, kahiko-puʻu waiū a me ka affectedness, a ua hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka ia Victorian kaila. Hōʻeleu no ka hooulu ana o ke kilaʻanoʻenehana hana 'ia he mea i' ae 'ia ka hoʻohana' ia ma ka hanaia'na o ka pono hana, mua inaccessible aie i ka primitiveness o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina.

e hoomaka ana

Ideological modernism hoʻomaka i waiho ia ma ka waena o ka hope kenekulia. Ke kaʻina hoao ia e loa paʻakikī: ia kaukaʻi ma ka mea uuku, seemingly mamao mai ka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Kēia manawa, ua hoailono aku la ma ke kēia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o? Acaeoey o ka hana. A hailona ana o kanaka i hele aku i ka hana i loko o ka nui kulanakauhale aie i ka influx o hou hale i lilo i poe kanaka ua nui uuku, koke kūkulu hou na hale ma i n iaainoaoeii neo i ka haehaeʻia malihini,. Decorate kukulu lapuwale aesthetics i olelo ia i loko o monograms, wikiwiki, hoopakela aku e ku e austerity. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia alualu wale nō mea hiki pomaikai.

Walaʻauʻana tenets o modernism

mea Little oe e nana i ka infinitely lōʻihi manawa, no laila, kālele ana nānā hoʻi ma luna o kī wahi.

• Hoikehonua, kuhikuhipuʻuone i hana ia me ka loa kaila, loa holomua lako, a kukulu OAOOUIEeE bizarre, ole-maʻamau palapala. E ola ke kipi industrialization! Hale i kūkuluʻia mai o ka aniani, metala a me ka pōhaku puna. Aie i ka mea i loa e hana ka hana Classic nā pōhaku lepo, ua uuku ike e pili ana i ka lako e, na mea he nui o lakou e hele ana bankrupt, hiki ole i ka hui i ka hou nalu.
• O ka hui ana o ka mea na makahiki ua aʻo i kaʻoihana kuhikuhi ma ka functionality. Rationality waiho ma ka mua, i kū'ē i ka hapa mua o ka XIX kenekulia. Hale no kanaka,ʻaʻole kanaka no na hale - a pau malalo iho o ke kanaka pono, i ke aspirant i loko o kēia manawa.
• Piha renunciation o Nani Loa nā kumumea i loko o like me ka hoao ana i hala iho nei. I mau, i ka manaʻo o "embellishment" hoouna aku ia i pono o ke au hou, hoʻonani ikaika Hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
• I ka nele o ka lahui pāʻewaʻewa i hoike ma ka papa hana o ka hale, a me kona mea i manao ai, i ka wā e hiki mai o kekahi mea a pau.

headwaters

Modernism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone ua ike like synonymous me ka modernity, akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole oiaio ina wale no o ka mea i ka manawa e haʻalele ke kua, paʻahau i loko o nā eighties o ka hope kenekulia. Ma keia hihia, keia au mea,ʻaʻole he okoa - no ka mea, o kona subjectivity a me ke 'ano mea i hana i ka helu ana o na lala, pu ole, mawaena o lakou iho.

• Na maoli kuhikuhipuʻuone. I ole ia, ka mea, ua kapaia ke aloha. Mai ka inoa ia iho ia mea maopopo mea i ka manao o keia au, nae, i kona mau "akā,." Adherents ka mea, ua waiho ia ma ka naʻau o ka maoli, pahee pepa hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o nä mea o ke ao nei, a me nā pono hana i hoʻohana i kūkuluʻia ka mea, e mau kaupalena' ia ka "pohaku, a me ka lāʻau." Ke kumu nui mea mea i kumu waiwai i pakele, kuahene - Ua liluwelo a me ka panorama - kūlohelohe.
• Bauhaus. Functionality i loko o kona maemae ano. Gaudily-hanau hale, he piha nele i ka Nani Loa hehee wale, he huihui 'ana o ka pono a me ka pili i ka hoʻoponopono identically maikai.
• Art Deco. Ma ka like o ka modernism ao ao ka mea e e kaulana i keia mea i ka loa vivid, ka loa hana nui. Style Radio ma ka Akä naÿe me ka Bauhaus, ma muli o ka wiwo anahonua, eclecticism, o ka ikaika o regularity (kēlā me kēia lumi, a no kaʻaeʻana i ka manawa a me ka wahi), wahi kāʻeʻaʻeʻa ano a me ka noaʻono no ka hana maʻamau i hoikeia ma ka puali koa pono mai ka elepani i ka alligator.
• Brutalism. I hoike i ka maloo technicality,ʻaʻohe lapaau o kaʻilikai 'ole. E like me ka mea i ka hihia i ka wa a ka inoa loa Hōʻike 'o ka pā like.
• Internationalism. Ke kumu o manaʻo o ka rejection o kekahi hoʻoilina moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi.
• Rationalism a me Constructivism. Key styles ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka Soviet Union, oi ma luna o ka poʻe ma lalo nei.

Nā Pono Hana a me examples

Style modernism i kuhikuhipuʻuone hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala ma lalo o ka aoao o ka hana hou i loko o ka hana o hou mea loea. No ka laʻana, keia wahi aie kona hanau ana i ka mala Zhozefu Mone, nana i hana i ka ikaika pōhaku puna. Interestingly mea ua loaa ia ma ka ulia: ka mea, i mua? Aaony e pono e no i ipu mea kanu, a makemake panai ai i kona mau pono.

? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia i i kūkuluʻia mai kēia pōhaku puna, kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka launaʻole noho nanea, kekahi paha oia e olelo aku nei, he lauwili anei e kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua mau bulky hale.

palapala noi i ka hanalima no? ieoaeunoaa He loaʻa mua (i ino no ka mea i mua i manao e ia i ka pahu, 'aʻole ia?), A laila, neʻe akula i loko o ka poepoe o ka kūkulu o ka noho hale. No ka mea, o keia hele mai i loko o i kupaianaha no ia manawa, hana no kuhikuhipuʻuone, kupaianaha nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi a me kona laulā.

He lauwili anei a hou ikaika ka ikaika pōhaku puna modernism. Style o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, mai ia manawa, huli i ka honua: ia ae e kūkulu paepae ai overlapping ma wahi, iauaeoia me ka nani loa nui nā kapuwaʻiʻehā, a oi. It E e hoike ia me lakou i mea hoike ke aniani Palace ma London, ka Brooklyn Bridge , a, o ka papa, i ka haa ana House ma Palaka. Eia ka mea, Ua pono, e kamaʻilio kaawale.

E mākou hula?

I ka haku mele 'ana he a mau loa i loko o ka palapala o nā paukūʻolokaʻa - kekahi o ia ua i loko o ka Classic mika, a me ka lua - i loko o ka luku. Hula ka hale i kapaʻia no ka mea, kona helehelena kohu i kekahi me ka haa ana wahine - he aka me ka lahilahi pūhaka, a kahe lepa hana i ka illusion o ka neʻe. Hekikai no e olelo aku i ka mea kanu'ōiwi nā mea i loko o stark Akä naÿe me ka panina hale e kuʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao.

Ka Soviet Union

Modernism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone i i kekahi, a me ko kakou aupuni. Keia ua loa maopopo i hōʻike iā ia iho i loko o ka twenties o ka hope ke kenekulia, hoikeia ma kaʻaoʻao o ka rationalism a me ka constructivism. E hoi kakou i kela mea keia mea o lakou.

rationalism

I ka manawa ua unuhi mai Roma o ia hoʻi, "pono", a i ka ia. Kona mau helehelena i kena ae la ia e ka ia oaoieei-holomua. Aesthetic pono o nā poʻe i loli, a ma Rusia - Monogram i ala e hiki ai i ke concise ano, kēlā e hali ana i ka maopopo kuleana pili i. I ka nui o ka lewa, ke akahai, practicality, hooikaika no ka mea kāpae,ʻaʻohe "nani no ka maikai o ka pono." Modernism o ka 20th kenekulia i hoʻohana 'ē aʻe ano o ka ole ma ka pokole o ke kanaka. It E e kaulana i keia mea i ka olelo o ka oi "ola" ma mua o kona hope constructivism: rationalism ho'āʻo, e haawi aku i ka hale i ka pahee, maikai e ike laina a me nā kinona.

Kekahi kŰia ua ana nākiʻi i nā personalities,ʻaʻole hele kēia kiaha a me keia kaila. Ideological inspirer a me ka luna o nā mea kū i ua i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone a me ka mea aʻo ma Rotehama Ladovsky. O kona wehewehena o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone i permeated i ka hana ana i ka wa e ola ana: i palapala mai i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone hana me ka makahiki, a me ka wa o ka piko o nā mea a pau a mākou makemake i ka olelo adherents o rationalism. I ka Ia manawa Aey? Acaeoey o na makahiki i hala i ole ua hōʻole, a me kaʻae a kaʻina i kulike ai me na manao. Kēia kuhikuhi mea nui i koe i loko o ke kahua o ka hou kiʻi o Soviet kuhikuhipuʻuone, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mea, ua emi kaulana o constructivism, i mea wela ma luna o kona mau kuʻekuʻe.

constructionism

Ua manao Aey? Acaeoey i kahiāuli modernism o ka 20th kenekulia mai ka huina helu. Kēia au hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka apotheosis o practicality a me ka hope 'enehana.

Nā adherents o constructivism, e like me nā rationalists, aliʻi ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia ka functionality o ka hale, oiai e malama ole i ka pono o ke kanaka. Ua Ua hoolaa i ke Kiure pahuhopu o ke kō o ka holumua ai manaʻo. Aey? Acaeoey o ka hala ikaika hōʻole, e hana i kekahi mea hou, radically okoa.

Ma ka hana pono, i kēia ua kūpono ma ka notorious kamaʻilio-hale (i loko o na "kanaka, ke kaiāulu"), a ana kā i ka manawa kūpono o ka mehameha loa: moku maikai, i kaʻana like bato me ka nui, kaʻana lumi kuke. Ae make na mea mea malalo ia o ka ikaika o ke kūpili a me nā kānāwai. Na mea a pau ua maikai ma ka pepa, akā, 'ole-iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai i ka maʻamau o ke ola.

Inā mākou e lawe i mau, ke kaila o Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone o ia manawa i kekahi pahu hopu - me ka hikiwawe e loaa, e pani i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e lilo i ka shackles o na makahiki i hala o ka stagnation, a me nāʻanuʻu o ke kālā no practicality, e ku maemae laina.

modernity

I ka lā, i hookahi kaila kaila, i makemake e ia i loko o ka hana o ka hale. Me ka unahiʻole permissiveness 'ae' ia aku la i loko o nā mea a pau nui - manawa a pau ke kūkuluʻana i konaʻike. Eia naʻe, mea no e hiki i nāʻano likeʻole, e hoomaopopo i ka hope o kēia kuhikuhipuʻuone styles:

• Hi-ʻenehana - he ode i oaoieei-holomua, kaʻeleu kue o naturalness.
• Bio-ʻenehana - he ode ia ano, i ke ku pono o ka paukū mua: e kahe maoli laina, hōʻulu o ka meaola ola.
• Postmodernism - he ode i ka Mokuna, a eclectic quirkiness ano, kahea modernism i loko o nā mea a pau kona nani.
• Kitsch - he ode e hehena a me ka hewaʻaiʻana. Grotesque, ua höʻike pü lāliʻi. Aesthetics mea kiʻekiʻe,ʻo ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - e kiola i kekahi hana nui loa i ka kaiāulu kanaka, a ku mai, mai ka ahakanaka.

hopena

Modernism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka ho'āʻo 'ia i ka makahiki 80-ko o ka iwakalua kenekulia. O na papa, na hale kūkulu i kulike ai me kona canons, nō functioning ana, akā, i kukulu ole mea hou. I loko nō o ka mea i ke kua, hiki ole ke underestimated na makahiki o ka hiʻona modernism - ia mea nui i koe i ka hooulu ana o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka mau.