Moscow, iau-Manor: hōʻikeʻano, photo

Ambivalent manaʻo ua hoano e ia e kela a me keia, ka wā e hele mai ai i nā wahi e pili ana. Manor, mea koikoi a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau ...

Next ma Lūkini moʻolelo

Ma ka kekahi lima - keia o ka wahi, a ua hoʻopili loa a me ka nui e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala a me ka noʻeau ola, he maoli Lūkini ola a me na aoao, a me kekahi - o ka moku'āina o na mea he nui Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou wahi mea e makau a me ka minamina.
Russian mōʻaukala a me ka Russian uhane - o ka manaʻo, me ka mau, mea okoa, akā, i kekahi manawa, ka mea e ai intricately ulana pūʻia i ole i kekahi ke keʻena mea,ʻaʻole e hiki i ka maopopo loa ana i ka 'ē aʻe, a, no laila, e pane i ka ninau: mea, ma ka mea, ia mea, Lūkini kanaka?

Ipu ahi a me ka pūnaewele o Lūkini moʻomeheu i loko o nā wahi e pili ana

Manor - he wahi kipa kela lua. Ka inoa o kekahi suburban aina a me Manor ma luna o ka lohe ana o ka lehulehu: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoye, Marfino, lumpy a me na mea e ae. He oiaio, no ka mea, i loko o 17-19 kenekulia. hanohano kūʻai 'āina i ke ano o ka moʻomeheu-mōʻaukala kŰia, a me nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale, monasteries, kauhale, kauhale, cathedrals a me ka ekalesia.
Moʻolelo koi ia ma ka hopena o ka 19th kenekulia. i loko o Rusia, he mau mai ka 50 a hiki i 100 tausani. Manor a me nā mea koikoi. Maoli ai, o ka ha awina o ka nohona, oicyenoaaiiie, noʻeau a me ka makakū ke ola a me ka Mokuna Manor kokoke Moscow ua ua ua hoʻopili loa mai iā ia.
A no ka mea, o ka waiwai kokoke Moscow a hiki i ke poʻo ua ma ka lima, alaila, o ka papa, i ka mea maikaʻi Lūkini mea kākau, haku mele, Artists, unuhi ae la ia i ka haku mele hoʻoulu manaʻo, ka hana, a loaʻa i loko o? Aaoee wahi pili me ka ano.
A malia paha,ʻaʻole nō he mea Lūkini mea nāna i hana, a thinker 18-19 CC., A me ka hopena o ke ola i makemake ole e ua hoʻopili i ka Lūkini aina waiwai.
A me na mooolelo o Lūkini nō, e like me ka lepohao kuhikuhipuʻuone, panorama ka mahiʻai mala moʻomeheu a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, panorama mea i manao ai kona aʻa e hele hoʻi ma nā wahi e pili ana, i ka waiwai a me ke ano o ka a ka mea pono i ka malamaia.
Mai poina i ka paipai aku i na mooolelo o ka Lūkini hookipa Lūkini meaʻai papa ma ka huli holoholona, hoiliili ana o pohihihi keia buke, a me kaʻohiʻana hana o ke akamai i kekahi pili me ka pae gentry a me ka consumer moʻomeheu.

E hoʻomaka i ka hoomakaukau

I loko o ka 100-kilomika o āpana mai alii ke helu ma kahi o 200 aina a me ka wahi i noho ai. Ma ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia. ma Moscow he mau ma kahi o 1,000 o ia i loko o kā lākou mau Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou a me ka pono o ka hoolohe, akā, i ka manawa e like me ia, a hele aku wahi o ka hoihoi oe e ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he wahi hoomakaukau.
Me ka pili ana i ke kumuhana hiki ke olelo aku ia ina oe makemake e kele i ka loa nani kula o ka waiwai no ka pono e pono ai i ka pauku i ma luna o kekahi mau 'ike:

• e pili ana i ka wahi, mamao a me ka ala hele (Metro, mau ukali, kaʻa 'ohua, kaʻa);
• e pili ana i nā hiʻona ( "singularity") mau wahi: State Museum-Reserve, o ka hale-iau, ka pepa hookahi, na mea 'ole, e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala, moʻokalaleo, pena, kuhikuhipuʻuone;
• ina i ka wahi e pili ana me ka iau ho'āʻoʻia makemake e kiʻi i ka ike e pili ana i balota kala, e hana ana i hola a me ka wahi o ka lealea a me ka ai. Aia paha e koho ia i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, kokoke Moscow mea koikoi no i ole kekahi oihana, a me ka puka e komo ai ka pono, akā, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku nei avid kaʻahele, mau "loaʻa i koe i ka puka ma ka pa ma hope o" a me ka hele aku malaila Hehe oe la;
• mea hoʻopili 'ia uea' a me kona mau Pahuhopu: i ka hoomaha ana ma ka maikai wahi, ka palapala, ai, mōʻaukala, kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka noʻeau nā manaʻo, etc.

Kēia "pulakaumaka" e kōkua hoola manawa, a kiʻi maoli makemake mai ke kipa hana hoihoi wahi.

mōʻaukala kahua

Kekahi o na mooolelo kiʻekiʻe o ka Lūkini ke kaiāulu, mai ka manawa mai o Petero i ka donation o ka aina, a me na kauhale no ka malama pono hana. Mea a me na mea he nui aliʻiʻana i loko o nā wahi e pili ana, no ka laʻana, Manor Glinka, i hooili mai ai ma Peter V, me he kulanakauhale kokoke i Moscow, i kona ÷ ino Iakoba Bruce, koa a me ka statesman, nä känaka 'epekema a me ka diplomat. Ma hope o ko Laieikawai, Bruce hana ka kūkuluʻana, iao? Ho okolohua a hiki hoʻolimalima i ka inoa maikaʻi e like me "ka mage a me ka warlock."
Mōʻaukala o Glinka ka waiwai - mea i kumu hoohalike no ka moolelo o ka manawa o Petero, Lūkini koa 'epekema, noho pono o Lūkini ke kaiāulu kanaka, 17-18 kenekulia.
Inā 'oe wale helu i ka luawai-ike mōʻaukala na kii a me ka waiwai ma ia mau mea i loko o nā wahi e pili ana o ka waiwai, o ka papa He kilakila:

• Serednikovo - patrimony Stolypin. Just hoomanao Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, ka Lūkini reformer o ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia. Mua Serednikovo Ua pili me ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi haku mele M. Yu. Lermontova. Hope mai iʻaneʻi ma laila i noho Chaliapin a me Rachmaninoff. I kēia lā Serednikovo - loa "i na¯" waiwai ma Moscow, me ka hoihoi 'kinogorodom, a me Englandʻikena 18 i loko;.

• I kamaʻilio - hāʻawi a hiki malalo ia he tutua kai i loko o ka moʻolelo. Moʻolelo i kapa i kamaʻilio wahi kahi Dmitry Donskoy kūkulu ihola i kona halelewa, hele aku i loko o ke kaua me (Kulikovo kahua) Mamai;
• Gorky (Lenin) - i keia la i ka Hale pili i ke ola o Lenin. "Kahiāuli Ho'ā" i ka Hale make o ke kaʻa "palapala-Royce", a lawe Vladimira Ilicha. Akā, ua akamai loa, ka mea mua olelo ai o Iosepa i ka Manor nā lā hoʻi i ka 16th kenekulia., A me na interiors o ka hale i ka malamaia, mai 18-19 kenekulia.

O ka holo ana, e hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala iau-waiwai ma Moscow , a me ka Moscow māhele aole hoi he ala, akā, e hiki mau loaʻa 'ikepili. A interestingly, ka moʻolelo pinepine pili loa intersects me ka palapala, ai 'a me ka noʻeau hanana.

fictional wahi

Nui Vyazomy i ia Peter Ι Prince Golitsyn "no ka hoola ana o ke keiki aliʻi i loko o ka haunaele musketeers." Eia hou, ka mea, ua pili loa e pili ana i ke ola Borisa Godunova, Paul V, Kutuzov, Napoleon, Bagration, Tolstoy.
Akā loa importantly - Vyazomy i ka home i ka poetic Pushkin: no hoi ia ia i kona wa, kahi i lilo ai ike lea ia me ka nani o ka Lūkini kula,ʻo ia lohe poʻe mele, a nānā aku i ke ola a me ka aoao o ka Lūkini ano hanohano, a me ka Lūkini kauwa.
Here Ua hanau mākou i ka mua poetic hanaia 'na o Pushkin, a maanei ka mea, ua i loko o ka pilikia manawa o kona ola. E noho nei ma keia wahi, a kaao: Golitsyn hale alii na kamaaina i kapa aku ai i ka "Hale o ka Moiwahine o kope lehu," a oe ke aʻo i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka hopena o Princess Galitzine, ka inverse kiʻi o ke kahiko countess me ka mea pohihihi o na pepa ekolu.
He ole coincidence Big Vyazomy - Pushkin Museum-Reserve,ʻaneʻi mai Sepatemaba a hiki i April i wahine ahiahi, a me nā 'aha mele. Like Pushkin wahi kokoke Vyazomami ia mea pono e hōʻike Zakharov.
Ma ka palapala, ai ', a poetic wahi' ē aʻe:

• Muranovo - typical "Aliʻi pūnana" o ka a mākou i ka manaʻo o nā puke a me nā Film e pili ana i ka Lūkini 19th kenekulia. I ka'ōwili pūʻia o ka hānauʻana a me ka hopena o na mea he nui kaulana palapala, ai 'inoa: Engelhardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, Gogol, Aksakov, Tiutchev. Akā, hoʻopaʻi makemake i ia, i ua Muranovo ohana Archive o ka haku mele Fodora Tyutcheva, a no laila, ma laila nō e ka iau ma kona inoa;
• Melikhovo - ka palapala, a me ka Memorial Museum A. P. Chehova. Ke iau Ua oi ma mua o 20 tausani kiʻi o Artists, a me Levitan, Polenov, Seregina AP -. Friends o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.
• Znamenskoye Gubaylovo - hâʻawi wale mua Lūkini alii (ma hope o Great distemper) Mihailom Romanovym boyar Volyns'ke (kupuna Ally Dmitriya Donskogo) ma 16. Hope, ma ka 18th kenekulia., Ka waiwai iā lākou ma ka luna-Crimean Dolgoruky. I ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia. Ua lilo ka waiwai i "ka palapala, ai punana" Lūkini Symbolist haku mele. Laau ma ke kahiko Park hoomanao Bryusov, K. Balmont a me A. White;
• Peredelkino - heʻoiaʻiʻo hewaʻiʻo mau hua'ōlelo. Kēia mea he "mea kākau o ka kulanakauhale", pili me na inoa o na mea he nui nui Soviet a me ka Lūkini moʻolelo a me nā haku mele. I kēia lā i loko o Peredelkino o ka hale-e neeaaia o Chukovsky, Boris Pasternak, Okudzhava, iau-gale Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o ka mea e ola ai hoopahaohaoia'na ekalesia a me ka Patriarchal hui - i ka noho ana o na makua'lii o Moscow, a pau Rusia Kirill.

About Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone

Kuhikuhipuʻuone ninoaaeyao he nui wahi i loko o ka Lūkini ekalesia kuhikuhipuʻuone. 'Aʻole i hele hohonu i loko o kēia wahi, e pono ke kūʻai' ana i kumumanaʻo i ka typical Lūkini ekalesia no recognizable mai ke kinona o ka Dome, "hipped" (mnogopridelnosti) akea maikai.
A mahope mai o ka typical nā wahi ulu lāʻau, a mea koikoi Moscow 17-19 kenekulia. pono nā i ka ekalesia, e ka loa hana hoihoi i ka ike a me ka loiloi pehea i kukulu i ka ekalesia. O na papa, na canons, a me ka "Lūkini ano" e malama i ke kaila. Akā, i ka oi hana hoihoi likeʻole:

• ma Dubrovitsy, e hiki ke ike i ka loa "baroque" (mai ka Baroque) ekalesia ma Moscow. Ma ka mea hookahi kaila ka mea i kūkuluʻia a me ka hale aliʻi, akā, ma hope ka mea, i? Aeiino? I loko o ka uhane o ka classicism;

• Bykov - i loko o ka hana ana o ka 2-yoa? Iiai 18th kenekulia ekalesia. He hele i ke kaulana Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Vasily Bazhenov me kana poe haumana. Ma ka mea hookahi kaila o Masonic kuhikuhipuʻuone, a kukulu iho la i ka Manor pā kaua. Kaawale kūkulu ka bele halekiai (Taman kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone) a me ka pūnaewele mau kuamoo i pāka loko, a nāna hoʻi i hana nui Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou naʻau i loko, pakahi aku la ia i loko o ke kau-Akuma ka manawa;
• Bratsevo - hale i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, ma kahi he mea kekahi English pāka. Oe ke hoʻomaka e kipa Moscow hale: o ka Manor Countess Stroganov Palace, Church no ka uwao ana, ike 2 a 5 alahaka Manor farmstead hale, e hopu i ka nani a me ka uhane o ka suburban aina a me ka aina. A laila ia e e aho e hele, e hele ma ka Moscow wahi.

Patronage a Lūkini Artists

Patronage (patronage o Science a me Art) i hānau i loko o Rusia ma ka 18th kenekulia. a hiki heyday i loko o ka hapalua like 19th kenekulia. Ke aupuni aina a me ka hale aliʻi o ke kūlanakauhale, ho'ākoakoa kupaianaha ohi o Lūkini a me ka Western Europa nō, he ohi o pohihihi keia puke.
No ia mea, he nui na wahi i noho ai a me nā hale aliʻi o ka Moscow māhele ike no na mea nona, Kau waihona, nae, e like me ka manawa, ma ka mōʻaukala ka mea,ʻaʻohe unambiguous, a ua nui no hoi Huina ma.
In Abramtsevo hoolaia-yoa? Iiai kekahi Manor ka hale o ka 18th ke kenekulia., O na kanawai hea mea he hāpana o Lūkini laau kuhikuhipuʻuone. Mea nāna o Abramtsevo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Aksakov ( "Theʻulaʻula Flower"), a i kipa ma kona mau hoa - Gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.

I ka wā i loko o ka 2nd hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia. mea nāna o ka waiwai i ka industrialist a me ka philanthropist S. Morozov, e 'Imi hana Artists M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, Polenov, Repin, Serov. Ua Uaʻaneʻi Ua hanau "Abramtsevo kaiapili" - ka noʻeau-makakū Union, AIM i ke kūpono 'ana o Lūkini aupuni nō.
Ma hope o ke kipi i loko o 1917 keia moolelo i hana mauʻia e I. Grabar, Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. I kēia lā Abramtsevo iau exhibition ninoieo a oi aku mamua o 25 tausani ho'āʻoʻia :. pena, unuhi aku la ia, kiʻi kaula, hana o Nani Loa a me ka poʻe kānaka nō.

Others, paha loa, loa ...

No hoi e pono ai no ia mau mea i ka waiwai kokoke Moscow, hamama i ka lehulehu.

1. Arkhangelsk - kekahi o na mau aina la i ka malamaia, mai ka pau ana mai o ka 18th ke kenekulia, me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka paka Ensemble ma ka panina kaila .. A me ka hoiliili nō o nā nona kahiko Odoevskogo Golitsyn, Yusupov lilo i ke kumu o ka waiwai e neeaaia exhibition;
2. Kuskovo - Manor Sheremetev helu. Malamaia Palace, Italian hale, Hōlani hale, Grotto. Ma ka waiwai o Nyos i ka State Museum o ka pālolo;

3. Auka - he wahi pili i na makahiki hope o ke ola ana o ka haku mele Tchaikovsky. I keia la, o ka hale-e neeaaiaʻaneʻi, i recreates ka lewa o kaʻike hoʻokumu, ola a me ke ola ana o ke mele nui.

About kaumaha ... (akā,ʻaʻole wale nō)

He nuiʻana a me nā mea koikoi mea i loko o ka moku'āina o ka luku. Nā kumu i Moscow haalele mea koikoi i ko lakou mau wahi - wa e kaawale aku o ka ona, ka mea nona o ka nele o ka hoihoi, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hale no nā hana.
Kuoo a me ka mōʻaukala kuanaʻike ma luna o ka mea hilo i ka i ana:

1. Life, a pomaikai no au mea koikoi a me nā wahi i noho ai i hala, a me ka 19th kenekulia.
2. Po disruptive hanana mai ai i loko o ke ola ana o Rusia ma ka 20th kenekulia., Iʻaneʻi no laila, koke hoʻomaka e kūkulu hou a pau i ka mea i pili i ka mōʻaukala i hala.
3. Akā, he mea ka naʻauao i keia mea i ka hala, a ua pono ike a me ka mea pono e mālama, a 'o ia hoʻi ia ma neia hope aku, e kamaʻilio i ka hoʻopulapulaʻana a me ka hoihoi hou ia ana, a ua haalele wahi e pili ana Manor, eʻoliʻoli nō mākou i kona nani.

A laila:

• Dugino - wahi pili i ka pau ana o ka 19 Artists ma. . - i kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, a me ka manawa hoʻi, Kamuela, hiki e he oe iau;
• Marfino - auaoee e akoakoa ai, me ka hou aku la i ka malamaia sculpted griffins, he loko, a me ka paka, e huli i ka maikai wahi;
• Eia naʻe, Bykov - e hooki i ka deteriorate lohi.

Information wahi i loko o nā wahi e pili ana

Information e pili ana i ka waiwai ma Moscow, e wehe ana i ka lehulehu, he hailona. He akea i loaʻa, a me 'oe e loaʻa lāliʻi o kaʻokoʻa ano o na aina, na hale, na ekalesia, he nani paka, a pela wehe aʻe i ka wahi kino pili i kekahi hanana mōʻaukala a me ka palapala, ai' a me ka noʻeau. Ma keia manao, haʻawina i wale priceless kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Natalia Bondareva. Kona hana Hiki ke loaʻa kekahi hōʻike no aneane 300 aina, aina, ekalesia o Moscow, Moscow māhele 'āina a puni mau mea.
Natalia Bondarev Ua hana keia hana mai 1996, a, i lana ai, oia hewaʻiʻo i ka olelo o ka hoomaikai a me ka mahalo no ia mea e hana ana no ka Contemporary a me ka wā e hiki mai mamo, hōʻike no Moscowʻana, i nā wahi i nā kiʻi i loko o ka lehulehu kikowaena. O ka mea hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ko lākouʻike i loko o kēia wahi.
Akā, ia mea nui i wale na kanaka i keia la, ua ole, a me keia wahi aku, i ke alanui i loko o ka hala, a ma ia - ua i paa i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.