"Moskva" Kao lele lako kaua cruiser. Kiai Kao lele lako kaua cruiser "Moskva" - o ka moku lawe hae o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa

Mai ka wā kahiko, ka mea, ua lilo ia i moolelo, no laila, i kona'auwaʻa i ke koa ikaika a me ka waiwai moku'āina. Ua oi loa pili i ka moku kaua, a hana i nā mea a pau manawa loaʻa loa pipiʻi. I keia la, ua olelo ka oiaio loa. Moku - ai i pipiʻi kaa, no laila, ke kuleana i ka'auwaʻa incredibly hoʻohuiʻana paha i ka kūwaho hoʻi prestige o ka moku'āina, a nona ia.

I loko nō o ka la iluna, a iho i lalo o ka 1990s, ko kakou aupuni i kauoha aku e malama i kona moku. I ka lā, ka mea, ua i nā hoʻonui a modernized. Eia naʻe, i kēia kaʻina Ua lohi, a no ka moku i loko o ana i kakahiaka nui me na makahiki hope o ka USSR, nō hoopaa i alahula mau manaʻo nui. An kumu o keia -. "Moscow" Kao lele lako kaua cruiser me keia inoa no ho he formidable pūʻali koa i loko o ka kūāhewa o na kai.

kumu 'ike

Kona manawa i ka olelo ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o kekahi inoa kapakapa i i haawiia mai ia ia ia i ka luina - "mokulele lawe kai". Ia mea,ʻaʻole wale ka moku lawe hae o ka holoʻokoʻa Black Sea'auwaʻa, akā, i kekahi o na moku loa mana i loko o nā'auwaʻa o nā mea a pau Rusia. Home awa - Sevastopol. Black Sea'auwaʻa i ka luawai-ike hanana i ka hailona o ka hana a he leo, like me kaʻaoʻao Ukrainian mau i kēia hui kūkāʻana e pili ana i ka hoolimalima. Ano, i keia mea pili 'ole.

Kūkulu "Moscow" (Kao lele lako kaua cruiser, o ka hana ana) i loko o ke kulanakauhale o Nikolayev. Initially, o ka moku i haawi mai ai i ka inoa "nani".

Ka hoʻokohu ', ka commissioning

Kēia cruiser o ka makua makemake o ka papahana i ka 1164 "Hawaiian Edition". Once o ka haku mele 'ana o ka Soviet Moana i decommissioned Anati-mokuluu moku "Moscow" (papahana ma 1123), koke ae la i ka wā e hiki mai luna o kona inoa. Kona papa kuhikuhiE manao i koke hoʻomāka makeʻana o ka nui moku paha enemi (no ka laʻana, mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele), ea malu a me ka Hawaiian ahi e uhi i ko lakou pae.

I ka mea i hoʻolauna i loko o ka "Moscow" hana? Kao lele lako kaua cruiser i loko o ka wai i kakahiaka nui me 1982, akā, kona hoʻohana ua kauoha aku hoʻomaka a hiki i 1983.

Ma kahi āna i noho ai, i kaulana cruiser?

Kona poʻo kumu a mea wahi o ka hana i ka Kaiwaenahonua kai. Pinepine ae la oia "Moscow" ike ma na awa a pau Hawaii nona kai ia washes. A hiki aku i ka halawai i wahi Mihaila Gorbacheva a me George ma December 1989 ma ka mokupuni o Malta Bush (papa kiʻekiʻe, a papa), keia mea o ka moku hōʻoia i ka maluhia o ka hālāwai kūkā holoʻokoʻa.

Modernization, hakakā hoʻohana

I ka makahiki 1990 "Moscow" hoi aku la i kona mau maoli Mykolayiv GRKR no modernization. ʻO ia wale nō no ka mea, o ka'opi o ka USSR ia ana e like 8.5 makahiki, a wale 13 May 1998, ua loaa i ka hou hae, a me ka hae o ka hou aupuni. Eia hou, i ka mea ia manawa o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa patrol moku lawe mai "Red Caucasus", mai i "Moscow" Ua loaa no hoi i ka inoa o na kiai.

I ka 2003, ua kekahi hanana ma a GRKR "Moscow" mua mai ma luna o ka kūwaho hoʻi loa mai ka Soviet'āina. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka "Indra" kino, i i alakaʻi me Kāʻeokūlani, ma ka Black Sea, Pacific'auwaʻa kaua, a me ka Moana noho aloha pū India. Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hopeʻo ia i loko o ka hoʻokō ' "IONIEKS-2004", i i paʻa me Kāʻeokūlani, me ka Italians hapa. Ka hoʻomaka o ka 2008 halawai ma ke Kaiwaenahonua ma ka huakai o ka mokulele lawe "Adimarala o ka'auwaʻa kaua o ka Soviet Union Kuznetsov", a me kona hele pū ana na moku.

Ma 'Aukake 2008, i ka Black Sea'auwaʻa i loko o ka maka o ka "Moscow" i kuleana i loko o ka hana e puʻe wale mai Georgia i ka maluhia, oiai i loko o ka wai o Ossetia. I ka hoʻomaka ana o kela makahiki aʻu i komo i loko o hoʻomanaʻo hanana hoʻolaʻa i ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka weliweli ÷ la i mai ai i loko o Sicily hoʻokahi haneri makahiki aku nei. A laila, ma ka aftermath o ka imperial Moana luina komo 'Imi.

Ka waiwai o ka "Moscow" no ka Moana o ka Russian Hui

I mau, na moku, me ka inoa o ka mea i ka inoa o ka moku'āina poʻo, nō ma lalo o scrutiny mau. Au ua i koe, a me ka "Moscow". Kao lele lako kaua cruiser pinepine ae la oia i ka luna o ka poe koa ikaika loa o nā ka USSR a me nā'āina'ē. Naʻe, i kēia i i ole i ka luna hou o ke aupuni i loko o ke kakahiaka 1990s e manaʻo e pili ana i hoʻouna keia moku no ka hamoʻia.

Mākou mai e olelo aku i kekahi mea, i cruiser no ka aneane ewalu a me ka hapalua makahiki e kū ana ma luna o nā lāʻau kūpeʻe ma Nikolaevsk a lawelawe luna 'bureaucratic hoʻopaneʻe' ia ana. Mea pōmaikaʻi, oki i loko o ka moku metala ua i hāʻawiʻia, a me ka Black Sea'auwaʻa i i lilo aku kona kaʻao alihi kaua.

Ma ka nele i

Ma ka hapalua like-1990s ma ka hou o "ka hoʻokele waiwai hoʻokele waiwai" a me ka "hoemi koina" i loko o ka wahi lulu Media pinepine wela ai ka a pau ke kaua. "Akamai" loa a me ka wela hoopaapaa ana, a ina paha ia mea i ka'āina o ka moku ua pono. He nui na mea i manaoio i ka malama i ka Black Sea keia cruiser mea disadvantageous mai ka aneiai wahi o ka hoomaopopo, a kaumaha aku "loaa" iā ia i loko o ka ciia o ke kuleana o ka Pacific'auwaʻa kaua. Ka mea, 'Imi kākoʻo haole mau hoa paio. Ka mea, i loa i holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ma ka manaʻo i "ke kai o ka mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele" e lawe kona pono i loko o kēia mau wai.

August 2008 hōʻike ana i ka aina nele i ka "Moscow". Kiai Kao lele lako kaua cruiser i ka wale "koʻikoʻi hua'ōlelo," a i mālama NATO, mai wikiwiki hoʻoholo. Ano keia mea i ka mea, ua lohe ole ai mamua, e hoomanao, akā, i ka "elima-lā kaua" i loko o ka Black Sea ua he nui helu o nā moku o ke kuikahi. Akā, Moscow (kapikala) mea surprisingly nanea wale e pili ana i ka mea e hanaia.

Ke pane ua puni hoʻi: Kao lele lako kaua cruiser "Atlanta" pāhana hiki maʻalahi e pau i ka freeboard pae o NATO moku no ka hamoʻia. A pau keia ua maopopo, a no ia mea, mālama i keʻano o ke kaua neutrality.

Pehea mea a pau, hoomaka ae la

Pehea ka papahana ikea i Kao lele lako kaua cruiser Rusia i ka 1164? Ka moku mua o keia ano i hoʻopā'āluaʻia ka inoa "holaKahua", a me kona ulu ana i loko o ka hapalua like 70-ies o ka hope kenekulia. Initially, i aponoia i ka luna akamai e Alexander Perkov, akā, ma hope hoʻololi ia V. Mutihin. Mai Moku nānā hoonoho A. Blinov, i ka luna o ka lua o ka huakaʻi.

Ma mua o ka manao kime he maoli 'ole-AICIeOEOI hana. Ka mea i ke koa i makemake ole e ka AYEIE papa o ka moku kaua, akā, versatile kaua mīkini, a makemake e hiki ia i like me ka kūloko Anati-mokulele pale o ka Hawaiian wahi, a ua lilo kekahi o like iho, pu me ka Hawaiian laina o ka pakaua.

Eia naʻe, me ka hana nui loa akamai Makuakane brilliantly. Ka mea, ia i kapa komo iā ia hakakä nani luna 'S-300, ka mea i hana i ka mana o ka moku (hiki e hookoaia ma ka palapala "F"), alaila, kau aku ia i ka hou kaa. Kēia mau mea kaua nō malama he kiʻekiʻe urgency a mau hiʻohiʻona nō paulele kupono e noonoo ea ho'āhewa wale ma luna o ka moku Black Sea'auwaʻa kaua.

He aha oaoieei-pāʻoihana i ua hoʻohana?

Nui i loko o ka "Atlanta" ua hoʻomano hoʻohana maikaʻi-ai pāʻoihana mai ka papahana 1134B moku. O ka papa, kekahi mau no ia hoʻokō ', akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE oaoieei-waihona ipu i koe me ka mea hou i. Ma ia manawa ka mea i kūkuluʻia ehiku moku o ka papahana 1134B, ka poe i loaa i ka inoa kapakapa "Boukari" i loko o ka Moana. Ma keia manawa i loko o nā kaua koe wale "Kerch", i ka i kekahi hapa o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa kaua o ka Russian Hui.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE tactical ano o "Moscow"

Pohupani hale o keia nani moku he 11 500 tona. Ka huina pau loa o ka moku, ua like me 186 mau mika. Me ka laula o ka 21 mika o kona kiekie - 42,5 mika. 'Aʻole surprisingly, ka sediment mea ai kilakila spaceship ua 8.5 mau mika. ʻO kā mākou achievable māmā (mākou e'ōlelo hope aku e pili ana i keia) - 32 knots, ke mau papa - 16 knots. E like me ka mana kanu hana like eha kinoea mīkini peahi uila i hoʻomākaukauʻia, i ka mana o kēlā me kēia no i ka 22.500 nā lika. i kekahi. Ka moku noi e haawi wale nā propellers.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka mämä holo o 16 knots, laila, ma lalo o kēia mau rula, o ka hana nona iho cruising huahelu o 6000 mile (unuhi 'ia i loko o ka metric'ōnaehana - ma kahi o 12 000 km). Like no ka manawa, o ka nele o ka ai lako pono hoʻokahi mahina avtonomki. Crew o 510 kanaka, hiki e hoonuiia i ka helu o ka hakakā nā limahana. I ka pu a me ka manao hoʻohana nunui-manao helekopa Ka-27, awa pae paena ua aia ma ka hope.

XIX. Iiaie oaoieei 'ike

All moku "Mea Maluna Iho" pāhana loaa ia he unuhi hou kinoea mīkini peahi uila propulsion'ōnaehana, i ua ole wale kekahi propulsion engine ma kēlā me kēia kumu, akā, he mau o afterburning powerplants. Ua Ua pili i ka hou oaoieei-pāʻoihana, ka wā o ka wela, mai na Hawaii e hele wela-ke ola kaapuni (TCA). Ua hoohuliiaʻi i ka wai i loko o mahu, i ke ka ao ka kākoʻo mīkini peahi uila powerplant.

Ua haawi mai la he nui lanakila. ʻO i loko o ka papa o ka cruising ma 18 knots wahie ka hoʻokōʻana i mahuahua ma ka 12%. Top mämä holo ia ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā kiko'ī e manaoia no ka mea me 32 knots, i ka moku o keia ano, ua kokoke i ka mooolelo.

kino Hiʻona

Blinov, ka nānā mai ka Moana, loaʻa ma ka oaoieei-pāʻoihana poʻe akamai, ai ka mānoanoa o kaʻaneʻane a pau oihana mua o ke kino i ma ka liʻiliʻi 8 millimeters. Ma ke ala e olelo ana, ka mea i nui aku koi 'ia o ka manaʻo. Manawa a hiki i keia ike-pehea, e wehewehe aku i kēia mau koa moku Lūkini ma kiʻekiʻe mea paʻa. Akā, na mea a pau i kona downside: ma muli o ia i ka hoʻohana 'ia manao pāʻoihana pohupani hale (ka wā like me ka papahana 1134B moku) i ulu ma ka 28%.

Ma fairness mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻohālike o kēia mau machines mea,ʻaʻole he pololei ma ka rula. Ka mea i na Lūkini moku kaua a me ka antisubmarine moku, ua aneane like wale nō me ka nānā aku a me kekahi o ka oaoieei-pāʻoihana.

Initially, Ua mākaukau ka "Moscow" a me nā "Atlanta" me Kao lele lako kaua P-500 "pelemaka basalt o". Ke ahi hooponopono'ōnaehana - "Argon". Initially, na moku he 16 mau Kao lele lako kaua. Ka mea, ua hoʻoukaʻia i loko oʻewalu hui kaulua mines aia ma luna o ka luna, iluna no. Ua Ua hoʻololi i P-1000 "Volcano" Ma ka hou ka hoʻouluʻana hoʻoilina Kao lele lako kaua. Mau Kao lele lako kaua ke ku pale ma ka mamao o kahi o 700 kilomika.

Hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka hakakā nenoai

Ke ahi hooponopono'ōnaehana e leie aku hakakā ana ano, me he hoʻokahi-manawa hoʻomaka (e eo ai kekahi pahu hopu) o nā mea a pau 16 Kao lele lako kaua. Ma ke ala e olelo ana, i kēia salvo e e hānai i kekahi lawe i loko o ke ao nei. mau meaola moku kaua Pehea i mea na wahi o ka pale ma ka lōʻihi-huahelu OOOXO? ʻO puni hoʻi: kekahi mai ukali a me mokulele Li-95, a ma ka hana ana o ka'ōnaehana iho o ke akamai a me ka mākaʻana.

Anati-mokulele armament cruiser

I ka pono noonoo ea ho'āhewa wale ma luna o ka moku ua kaa pono mau Sam. Mua, P-300F, collectively a manao no zonal ea pale nenoaiu. Ka lua, "Osa-M" ua papahana wale, e noonoo i ka hoouka mokulele, helicopters a me kaʻenemi Kao lele lako kaua ma luna o ka moku no ia.

No ka S-300F ua pololei ewalu launchers 'okoʻa no ka pahu ' ano, hiki e hana i kŘpa a ka poe ola, a me ka recharge Launch lawelawe. Ko lākou mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o ka wahi o ka luna, iluna no, a mahope o ka cruiser. I ka pono kahu ai i ke kaʻina o ka paneʻe a me ka mākaʻana, ua komo pū kūikawā Radar ma kaʻoihana moku pu nenoai. Kona hiʻona o ke kukuna, i ma ka "ʻelua kū'ē".

E like me mākou i'ōlelo mai, no ka pakiko-pale moku hoʻohana luna ' "Osa-M", a leie aku oe i ka maluhia ku pale i ka mamao o kahi o umi kilomika. Ua Ua haku o elua PU (me ka homing'ōnaehana ke hoʻohana i nā Kekoa). Akä naÿe i ka mua moku pakiko-pale kini puʻe wale no hoi i kona mau hoʻoholo nenoaiu. Ka huina ammunition mau pono a pau o Sam "Wasp" Ua pono 48 Kao lele lako kaua. Alaila, S-300 64 munition ae nei.

Additional Anati-mokulele kahua

Akā, i kēia manawa kūpono o Anati-mokulele cruisers mea i kaupalena '. E hana ia ana no hoi multifunctional hakakā pa alima, komo pū i loko o ka manao o ka paʻa (i hiki ke pana i onshore a waho iauaeoia) o ka 130 mm o pa alima ( 'akomi, o ka papa), AK-130. E hōʻoi 'kona laulā, ia mea he piha nenoaiie o Radar ka loaʻaʻana "Lion."

I waena o nā mea a pau, o ka moku i ka pau o na pu ki o ka 30 mm o eono-pahu pū AK-630M. Na na pu ki aloha - mau nā mea hoʻonoho, kela mea keia mea o ka i ua noho mana ana ma ke alakaʻi'ōnaehana a me ka pale umauma hoʻokahi ka hoʻokoloʻana "pennant". Ke kūlana o ka airspace kokoke i ka moku, e like me ka pono me no ka lako hou i ka 'ike ma-luna o Anati-mokulele armament kuleana Radar "Flag", i mai o nā' ē aʻe Radar nā mea hoʻonoho ioiinyony: "ol '" a me ka "Sunrise". Lākou mau antennas i rigidly luna ma luna o ka fore- a me ka papa kuhikuhiE-kia "kai mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele."

Ke kaua e kū'ē i ka poʻeʻenemi mokuluu

Soviet akamai i ole hoopoina ana formidable hoa paio i e mokuluu. I loko nō o ka kŰia specialization cruiser pono hoomaluia, mai ia: aia no he luawai ai sonar eiiieaena "Platinum", i ka loaʻa o ke kaulaʻoka, kukuna a me ka bulbous. No ka mea, kauoha hoouka o kaʻenemi mokuluu aka e mau 533-mm o lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe e ho'āla ai torpedoes.

Ma ke kue, elua RBU-6000 mea hoʻonoho (Kao lele lako kaua me ka pōkā pahū) e like me ka manawa ua papahana e hoʻopale ai i ka moku ma ka torpedo volleys o kaʻenemi.

Nohona ma ka auhau ana o na moku a pau o ka papahana

Total o "Mea Maluna Iho" pāhana ua nānā 'ana ma luna o eha moku. Ke hana iʻekolu wale. Kēlā me kēia o nā moku a ianoiyuaa a ma ka hana. Ka mea, e hoʻokauwā aku ma luna o ka Black Sea, Pacific, a Northern'auwaʻa. I rula, o ka "Hawaiian Edition" pāhana huli mai maoli e pono a me ka pono o ka hoʻolohe i kue i keʻano 1144 "Orlan" mua. Project Kiekie i ka 1164, ua mamao emi pohupani hale, akā, ua ole loa ka armament, a ma ka hapanui hihia maikaʻi ma mua o ko lakou mau mua.

Eia hou kekahi, i ka wā e pili ana i ka makakoho i haawi mai ai i nā mea kaua. Pela no, o ka hou cruisers i lawa palupalu. Penei, "Orlan" papahana ma luna o 96 moku, he mau Kao lele lako kaua no ka S-300, oiai ka "Atlantis" o ka apana wale 64. Eia hou kekahi, Sam "Osa-M" i kekahi manawa mamua o ka mea no ka pakiko-pale moku e ku e lewa ho'āhewa wale, akā, i ka manawa o ko lākou mau cruisers kūpono mea pono,ʻaʻole lawa. Eia hoi, ma ka moku Project 1144 , aia wale 16 PU "pahi".

Penei, Project 1164 cruisers pono me nā mea a pau e pono ai o ka weuweu Soviet olelo ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka Moana wā moku kaua? Oaony e hoouna aku i loko o ke kaua wale ina ka mea, e ike loea ea uhi. Eia naʻe, i ka he moku'āina o ka mea hoʻopili like ia ia ke ao nei hewa. Ia mea,ʻaʻole e mau ana e hiki i ka hoʻolako 'ike loea palekana o ka moku, mai ka lewa, no laila ia mea pakahi aku la ia nui i kā lākou mau ea malu nenoaiu.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE drawbacks o na ipu kumuhana

Ka loa nui drawback (koe wale no na nuances i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna) o ke alo o ka hoʻokahi wale multichannel Radar ( "hoali") manao i ka loaʻa, a alakaʻi hana me ka C-300 eiiieaena. Eia kekahi, ma ka hihia o ka mokuna 'ole moku kokoke loa haalele i oi a emi kūpono palekana mai ka ho'āhewa wale mai o ka lewa, "Wave" e i noonoo i ka hoouka me ka oi ma mua o kekahi ao ao. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i like cruisers Americans (kūkuluʻia ma lalo o ka papahana "Ticonderoga"), a laila, kela mea keia mea o lakou, ua lele aku ma luna o eha (!) Kuokoa Radar i koho lawe aku, a pana ia pale ma luna o kekahi mau fronts hiki.

Penei, i ke alo o ka wale kekahi Radar wahi i ku ai,ʻaʻole wale huli i ka "Atlanta" i loko o ka kŘpa a oluolu ka pale kaua no ka enemi ikaika kuanaʻike, akā, i hana ia paʻakikī pilikia Anati-NATO Kao lele lako kaua, i loko o nā makahiki hōʻike i nā manawa kūpono nui i loko o ke kula o ka nunui-māhele hoouka.

Mau mea i ka moku i ua hoʻokumu 'ia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Nikolayev. Shipyard mea a ianoiyuaa aʻaʻole wale nō ma luna o ka mokuna o kekahi aupuni, akā, i loko o ilihune ana, no laila, ia aia no he mea he aha meaʻaʻole paha ia e kukulu. Wale manaʻolana no ka mea lulu popilikia pale hana, a e e hiki, e hookupaa aku i ka hana o ka mea e like mea.