Naʻume mākenēki manawa - he kumu waiwai o ke kula haʻahaʻaa (particles)

Kaʻume mākenēki minute o ka'Ātoma - kumu o physical maʻi lele a pau, characterizing kaʻume mākenēki waiwai o kekahi waiwai. Kumu o ka magnetism, e like me ka panina electromagnetic a kumumanaʻo, microcurrents e ala mai ka huina'ine orbital noi. Naʻume mākenēki manawa - ia mea he pono hiʻona o nā mea a pau, me ka a koe, kula haʻahaʻaa (particles), nuclei, nukelea a me ka huina'ine leho o nā lātoma.

Magnetism, i mea e like me ia a pau ka haʻahaʻa (particles), e like me quantum mechanics, ma muli o ia i ke alo o kekahi me mechanical koke lakou i kapa aku milo (iho momentum quantum me mechanical ano). Kaʻume mākenēki waiwai o ka'ātoma nucleus milo lāʻau ikiʻai wale komo o ka Korata: wahi - o protons a me neutrons. Electronic pōkā pū (ke kūʻai '-ka Astronomical) no hoi i kaʻume mākenēki manawa, i mea o ka huina o kaʻume mākenēki minute o na electrons mea ma luna o laila.

Ma nā hua'ōlelo, kaʻume mākenēki minute o kula haʻahaʻaa (particles) a me 'ātoma orbitals aie i ke kūʻai '-quantum-ma paʻi hookoia,ʻikeʻia me milo momentum. Kēia keia mea analogous i ka angular momentum o ke kuapo puni kona mau kikowaena iho (axis). Milo momentum ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o Planck ka ikaika - ka walaʻauʻana a eia i o quantum kumumanaʻo.

All neutrons, electrons a me protons, o ka a, ma ka mea, he'Ātoma, e like me Planck loaa milo like e ½. Ka 'ole o ka'Ātoma na electrons orbiting na nuclei he okoa na milo momentum i nui a me ka orbital angular momentum. Kora, eia nae ka mea ninoaaeyao he kūpaʻa kulana, kekahi ua angular momentum, a hana i ka hopena o ka nukelea milo.

Kaʻume mākenēki kahua i paha ke ka'ātomaʻume mākenēki manawa ua nānā 'ia e kekahi mau ano o angular momentum. Ka loa kekahi 'na makana i ka ʻume mākenēki kahua hana ia i milo kanawai. E like me ka Pauli loa rula, e like me ka mea mau'ālike electrons hiki ole noho i ka ia manawa i loko o ka ia quantum moku'āina, e paa ana electrons merge me kā lākou i milo impulses lilo diametrically kū'ēʻana aku i nā wānana waiwai. Ma keia hihia, ua hoemiia kaʻume mākenēki nui o ka huina'ine, a ho'ēmi i kā kaʻume mākenēki waiwai o ka 'ole holoʻokoʻa. Ma kekahi keena me ka i helu o electrons, ua hoemiia keia wahi i 'Aʻohe, a me ka waiwai hou iʻume mākenēki waiwai. Ke'ōlelo mai, no kaʻume mākenēki nui o ka kaʻawale haʻahaʻa (particles) i ka pololei ole ma kaʻume mākenēki ka pono o nā mea a pau nukelea'ātoma kahua.

Ferromagnetic nā kumumea me ka ōlaʻi helu o electrons, e mau i ka nonzero magnetism ku i ka unpaired huina'ine. Ma ia mau oihana mua e pili orbital ano, a me nā mea a pau i ka milo minute o unpaired electrons lawe i ka ia kohoʻia i loko o ka lewa, e hiki aku ai i ka piʻi like ana o ka hohonu ka ikehu moku'āina. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia ka hoonohonoho hou AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN.

Me keia hoʻopololei o kaʻume mākenēki minute o ferromagnetic nā'ātoma kaʻume mākenēki kahua. A paramagnetic oihana mua oia o nā'ātoma me disorientedʻume mākenēki minute aʻole 'oe i kā lākou mauʻume mākenēki kahua. Akā, inā e hana ma luna o ia mau mea ma waho kumu o magnetism, kaʻume mākenēki minute o na nā'ātoma align, a me kēia mau kumu i kuaiʻume mākenēki waiwai.