O kēia kumu, Nine Inch. Kind o Nine Inchʻikena kumu a me ka noonoo

O kēia kumu , Nine Inch (abbreviated Hit) - ka hoʻololiʻana, ma i ka ikaika o ka redox naoh ua hoohuliia i loko o uila ikehu. Lākou nā inoa - he electrochemical aeea, galvanic halepaahao , he electrochemical halepaahao. Lākou pae'ōnaehana rula o ka kēia: ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o na reagents mau kumu he Nine Inch naoh me ka ikaika uilaʻikena mana e auaaeaiea. Ma nā kumu kaʻina hoʻomakaʻia uilaʻikena ia lŘlŘ multistage noaia. First hookuu thermal ikehu, a laila ka mea, ua lilo iho la me mechanical a wale laila, i loko o uila ikehu. Pono Hit - hoʻokahi-ke kahua kaʻina hana, a laila ka uila ua loaa pono, piliwaiwai na kapuai o ka hoʻolako 'thermal, a me mechanical ikaika a.

moʻolelo

Pehea la ka mua he kumu? Nine Inch kumu Ua kapaia galvanic keena ma hope o ka Italia nä känaka 'epekema o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia - Luigi Galvani. He ua he kahuna lapaau, anatomist, physiologist a me ka physicist. Kekahi o na mau mea o kona noiʻi ua e noiʻi i nā reactions o nā holoholona i na mawaho ololi. Ke Nine Inch hana o ka hana uila i ua weheia Galvani accidentally, i kekahi o kona mau ho okolohua ma na rana. Ua ua i pili ai i ka io maka nā aʻalolo i loko o ka rana wāwae mau papa metala. A hiki keia i hiki mai ai muscular contraction. ua hewa iho ho'ākāka o keia kŰia o Galvani. Akā, i ka hopena o kona mau ho okolohua a me nā loina kokua mai i kona compatriot Alessandro Volta ma hope haʻawina.

Volta hoakaka pono aku i loko o kāna hana i ka kumumanaʻo o ka hanana o ka uila pono ma ka Nine Inch naoh ma waena o nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma ka hui 'ana me ka muscular'aʻaʻa o ka rana. nana aku la ka mua Nine Inchʻikena kumu e like me ka ipu me ka brine, me ka papa bapetizoia ma loko o ka kiniki a me ke keleawe ulaula.

Ma ka hanalima-unahiʻole, i hoomaka CCS e e hua mai i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka umikumamaiwa ke kenekulia, mahalo i ka Farani Leklanshe nana invented ka iniiaiie manganese-kiniki keena me ka paakai electrolyte, kapaʻia ma hope ona. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, keia i ua hou electrochemical aeea i nā kānakaʻepekema, a o ka mea wale iniiaiie Nine Inch kumu o ka uila mua 1940.

Design a me ka hana ku

Nine Inchʻikena kahi mea kikowaena elua nā uila aʻa lolo (conductors o ka mua ano) a me ka intervening electrolyte (alakaʻi mele o ka lua ano, a ion alakaʻi mele). Ma ka palena o ka lolouila Loaʻaʻia hihia ma waena o lākou. Ke'ūholo uila ma i ua oxidized kapaia ka hoemi agena ka anode, a me ka kekahi ma i ka oxidant ke ola - cathode. Together me ka electrolyte, e hoolilo i ka electrochemical kahua.

A he hopena ia o ka redox naoh ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo o ka hanana o ka pila nuiʻikena. Iloko o keia naoh, me ka hoemi hope paha ua oxidised a me oxidant haawi na electrons e lawe maikai nei ia, a ua hoihoi hou ia ma muli o ia keia. Ke alo aku o ka electrolyte ma waena o ka cathode, a me ka anode mea he elue NaI. Inā wale hui pū me ka pauka, o ka elua okoa ke hooheheeia,ʻaʻohe uila hookuuia 'aʻole i hoʻomaka ai, ikehu a pau e e hookuu me ka wela. Ke electrolyte Ua pono e hōʻoi 'ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka huina'ine hoolilo. Loa pinepine hana paakai pāʻoihana a me ka mahele heheʻe i ka o kona mea e like ai.

ʻO nā uila aʻa lolo nana e like metala anuanu a me ka maka aha. Ma kā lākou kaiapuni ma electrolyte aicieeaao ka uilaʻia likeʻole ma waena o ia mau mea - i ke kahua a puni anakahi uila. Ke anode i ka welelau o ka hopena o electrons a me ka cathode - i kā lākou mau keiki hookama. Ma kā lākou 'ilikai Nine Inch naoh kaʻina kānāwai. Ka mea, i papani ai hoi ma ka puka o ke kaula, e like me ka pono me ka wā kekahi o na reactants hoopauia. Ka Pale Kauoha i wahi ma ka wehe 'ana o kekahi o na nā uila aʻa lolo a me electrolyte.

Haku mele 'ana electrochemical nenoai

O kēia kumu Nine Inch oxidants i hoʻohana like o oxygenʻakika paʻakai, oxygen, halides, kiekie metala oxides nitroorganic hui a me ka 'ole. D. hoemi konohiki ma laila nō ke hooheheeia, a me ko lakou malalo oxides, hydrogen, a me ka hydrocarbon i huiʻia. Like electrolytes hoʻohana:

1. Koʻana koko pāʻoihana o nāʻakika, mekala 'åkilikai, paakai, a no laila, ma luna o. D.
2. Nonaqueous pāʻoihana a me ion conductivity loaa ma ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia i ka paʻakai i loko o ke aloha a me'okanikaʻole nā'uheheʻe.
3. paakai heheʻe.
4. Paa i huiʻia me ka ionicʻolu, ai kekahi o ka hoʻoneʻe Ion.
5. 'ōpū mai electrolytes. He kinowai pāʻoihana a me ka heheʻe i aia i loko o ka ili o ka paa ole-lawelawe kino - elektronositelya.
6. Ion-mail electrolytes. Ua paa e pili ana me ka paʻa ionic hui o ka ia hoailona. kekahi hoailona o Iona oiai lawe lima. Kēia waiwai i ka conductivity o ka electrolyte unipolar.

galvanic o na pu ki

Nine papa palapala kahi e hōʻike komo no electrochemical keena - keena. Hoʻopilikia i loko o kekahi o kēia mau aeee mea liʻiliʻi - mai ka 0.5 hiki i 4V. Ke kaumaha ma muli pono ai, HIT hoʻohana galvanic o na pu ki, oia no kekahi mau serially pili oihana mua. Ua ua i kekahi manawa hoʻohana 'ia i loko o laua a me ka moʻo-laua pilina o kekahi mau oihana mua. Ma ka moʻo kaapuni mau loaʻa wale i ka ia iniiaiie keena paha iuo aaoa?. Ka mea, e loaa i ka ia kiko'î i: electrochemical'ōnaehana, manao, kaʻina mea oko a me ka nui. No ka mea ia laua pilina mea hiki ke hana oihana mua o kekahi mau nui like 'ole.

Mea Maluna LIKE

Nine kumu oko ma:

• ka nui;
• ? ieoaeunoai;
• reagents;
• Nature energoobrazuyuschey naoh.

Kēia mau mea kiko'î a hoakaka i ka hana ana o na CCS kupono no i ua palapala noi.

Mea Maluna o electrochemical aeee ka nānā 'ana ma luna o oko ao ma ka rula o ka hana. Kaumaha ma muli o kēia mauʻano, hoomaopopo:

1. Helu Nine Inch kumu - disposable 'ikamu. Ka mea, i ka kekahi kumukuai reagents, a ua hoopauia ma ka naoh. Ma hope o ka piha hookuuia aeea haalele i ka hoʻokōʻana. Ma kekahi iniiaiie ke pa a ua kapaia galvanic keena. Ua malama pono wau e hoʻi i kapa aku ai iā lākou - ka hehee ai. Ka simplest laʻana o ka iniiaiie mana kahi - "o na pu ki" AA.
2. Rechargeable Nine Inchʻikena kumu - iuo aaoa? (I kapaʻia kiʻekiʻe, reversible pa a ke ku) i reusable hehee wale. Ma ka hele ana i ka pono, mai ka mea mawaho kaapuni i loko o ka aʻe ala e hiki aku ma ka na pu ki aloha ma hope piha hookuuia pau keia la reactants i regenerated hou loaa Nine Inch ikehu (ua kauoha). Aie i ka manawa kūpono a kauoha aku la i mai kekahi mawaho ikaikaʻikena kumu lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka lōʻihi manawa, intermittently e recharge. Ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomakaʻia uila ikehu ua kapaia ka accumulator hookuuia. Mau nā HIT iuo aaoa? O na mea he nui mīkini uila no (laptops, lawe lima kaul, a no laila, ma luna o. N.).
3. Thermal Nine Inch kumu - manao maalea o ke ana 'ana. I loko o kā lākou hana, he mea kekahi ana pele o hou batches o reagents a me ka wehe 'ana o ka naoh huahana.
4. Ka hui (polutoplivnyh) electrochemical aeee i ka pua paha o kekahi o na reactants. Ka lua o na mea maalea, ua lako i ka waho. Ke ola o ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hoolako ana i ka reactant mua. Hui Nine Inch kumu o ka uilaʻikena e hoʻohana me iuo aaoa?, Ina he mea i ka manawa kūpono o ka hoihoi hou ana i kā lākou e mālama ai ma ka hele pono mai kekahi mawaho kumu.
5. HIT pāhana recharged mechanically paha chemically. No ia, mea, mea hiki e puku ma hope o ka piha kauoha lilo reagents ma hou'āpana. Ia mea, ka mea e ole ana manaʻo i pono, e like me ka iuo aaoa? Kekahi manawa recharged.

ano HIT

Ke poʻo kumu a mea 'ano o Nine Inch mana kumu loaʻa:

1. Open kaapuni anakahi uila (OCV a me ka hookuu anakahi uila). Keia uku kuhikuhi hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka electrochemical'ōnaehana (me ka hui pu ana o ka hoemi hope paha, i ka oxidizing hope, a me ka electrolyte). No hoi OCV lakou aloha ia electrolyte lehulehu,ʻano o ka hookuuia, ka mahana a me na mea e ae. OCV hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka waiwai o ka mea pono e kahe ana ma ka pa a ke ku.
2. Mana.
3. Ke hookuuia au i - ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mawaho huakai kaapuni e kū'ē'ē mai.
4. Nona iho - ka mea i kā mākou dala o ka uila i haawi pa a ke ku ka wā e ihola ia hookuu ia.
5. Ka ikehu maʻiʻo - i kā mākou ikehu loaa i piha hookuuia noonoo.
6. Energy ano. No ka iuo aaoa?, Ka mea, ua kuhikuhi ua hoʻohiki helu o ka uku ole-hookuuia pōʻaiapuni me ua hakumakuma ke anakahi uila a me ka malama nona iho (mau).
7. Mahana Laulā hana ana.
8. Waho pūnaewele manawa - ka i kā mākou nui o ka manawa ma waena o hana, a me ka mua hookuuia noonoo.
9. Service ola - ka i kā mākou huina pūnaewele a me ka hana ke ola. No ka wahie keena, he nui manawa o ka hana me ka ana a me ka intermittent hana.
10. Ka huina pau ikehu haawi no ka mea holoʻokoʻa hana ola.
11. Mechanical ikaika me ka mahalo i ka kamakawiwo ole, hawewe, a no laila, ma luna o. N.
12. Hana i ka hana i loko o kekahi kūlana.
13. Pono.
14. Easy malama.

Olelo no ka pa a ke ku

I ka manao o ka electrochemical aeee e i ka papa conducive i ka loa efficient naoh. Mau ana nā:

• paleʻikena kulu;
• ʻaʻahu hana;
• mechanical e ikaika (me hoailona iho la i);
• kaawale ana o na reactants;
• maikai hui 'ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo a me ka electrolyte;
• hookuuia pono mai ka naoh ciia i ka mawaho auoiaea me ka palena iki poho.

O kēia kumu, Nine Inch pono hālāwai i ka i kēia mau koi:

• ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa aiee o kiko'î;
• i kā mākou wela huahelu o ka operability;
• ka nui stress;
• ka palena iki lilo o ka pa alima o ka ikaika;
• anakahi uila kumupaʻa;
• kauoha aku e ho'ōla aku;
• e malu ai;
• hooluolu aku au i ka hoomau, a me ka maikaʻi loa i nele no ia;
• lōʻihi hana ola.

hana ku

Ke kumu nui ia Morohiha o iniiaiie keena -ʻaʻohe hemahema no kekahi ka hoʻoponopono. Mua oe i hoʻomaka me ka hoʻohana 'ia lawa, e kaha i ka nānā aku, holopapa-ola. I ka wa e pili ana ia mea nui, e malama i ka polarity, a e kaha i ka pono o ka mea hui 'ana. More eiiieaena Nine Inch kumu - iuo aaoa?, E koi i ka malama hou nui. Ke kumu o kā lākou hana - ka i kā mākou mailaila aku o ke ola. Mālama no ka mea o na pu ki mea:

• malama o ka Hoʻomaʻemaʻe;
• ka mālamaʻana i ka hamama puni anakahi uila;
• malama ana i ka electrolyte pae (no ka refilling wale i puhi ia ka wai hiki ke hoʻohana);
• Hooponopono o ka electrolyte lehulehu (Via kaumaha wai - na mea lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe no ke ana ana loli nuʻa).

Ma muli o ka electrochemical keena pono, e like me nā mea a pau e pono ai e pili ana i ka palekana ana o ka pou nā mīkini home.

LIKE Mea Maluna o electrochemical nenoai

Kind o Nine Inchʻikena kumu, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka'ōnaehana.

• mai hookuu hoi ia (ʻakika);
• nikala-cadmium, nikala-hao, nikala-kiniki;
• manganese-kiniki, keleawe-kiniki, o Hereme, kiniki, kiniki-koloriside;
• kala-kiniki, ke kālā, a me ka cadmium;
• lewa-mea hiki ke hooheheeia;
• nikala-hydrogen, a me ke kala-hydrogen;
• manganese-makanekiuma;
• likiuma a me ka 'ole. d.

Hoikehonua, hoʻohana o ke pa a ke ku

O kēia kumu, Nine Inch Ua ua a ianoiyuaa a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o:

• kaa;
• lawe i na mea maalea;
• koa a me ka makahiki 'ike loea hou;
• ʻepekema lako a pan;
• Medicine (pacemakers).

Ninau i na examples o ka pa a ke ku i loko o ka hale:

• iuo aaoa? (maloo aeee);
• iuo aaoa? lawe i ka hale nā mīkini home a me ka uilaʻoe;
• uninterruptible mana lako;
• kaʻa iuo aaoa?.

No hoʻomano hookama likiuma Nine Inch kumu o ka uila. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i likiuma (Li) i ka lani kiekie loa ka ikehu nuʻa. Ka mea i ka mea hoʻolaha i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ūholo uilaʻia o nā mea a pau'ē aʻe ke hooheheeia. Likiuma-ion iuo aaoa? (Lea) ma mua o nā mea a pau'ē aʻe cia o CCS a me kekahi 'ikehu o ka hana anakahi uila. Ano ka mea, i nā haku i ka hou poepoe - alanui amo. I ka wā e hiki mai 'epekema Aey? Acaeoey e pili ana i ka hana o ka likiuma iuo aaoa?, E neʻe ana ma ke ala e hiki aku o ultrathin manao a me ka nui kaumaha-hana iuo aaoa?.