Nā kānāwai o nā thermodynamics

Thermodynamics - o ka lālā o ke kālaikūlohea i haʻawina no ka manao lokahi hou 'o ka wela i loko o ka hele a Hope versa. I kekahi 'ano nui pauku, keia hapa o ka haʻapili ke kālaikūlohea ua maheleia i loko o nā māhele o lalo, i loaʻa:

1. Walaʻauʻana kānāwai o thermodynamics.
2. Pae nā mahele a thermodynamic keʻano o ka hanaʻana.
3. Thermodynamic pōʻaiapuni a me na mea e ae.

I mea, i nā kānāwai o nā thermodynamics -ʻaʻole pono ke iiaciiie, akā, i postulates ke kumu hp'pnphp ka? Anoee lālā o ke kālaikūlohea. I huina, he ekolu thermodynamic hoʻomaka.

E mākou huli ia i loko o au mamuli.

1. ke kanawai mua a me kānāwai o thermodynamics. Mua, e hoomanao i ikehu ua mau Neʻe mai kekahi? Ueo i kekahi. Hoopahaohao, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka olelo o ka kinetic i Loaʻaʻia a me ka hope, i ka ikaika o ka'ōnaehana, aole ia e hele aku. Eia naʻe, he mea hoʻohālike o ka pendulum, a haawi mai hoʻonui, i mahiki aku kanalua ma kēia kumumanaʻo. Oiai ma ka noi, o ka pendulum i ka kinetic ikehu, a me ka lōʻihi ikaika hawewe kumu - Loaʻaʻia. Theoretically, eʻaʻole i like ka oni ana i ka hopena ma ka maka,ʻo ia hoʻi, e mana loa. I ka mea, ke ike i ka neʻeʻana ua kiʻekiʻe o mae wale, ka pendulum aɃe kona papa. Kēia ia lŘlŘ aie i ka lewa ia'ku, i kumu no ka kū'ē ikaika ma ka hele. E like me ka hopena o ka ikaika i ia e haawiia mai ai i ka pendulum hoʻonui, hoʻohana i ka lanakila ea o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. E like me ia i kaʻilihune, ka wela ua loaʻa. E like me ka ho okolohuaʻepekema ka wehe a me ka Ambient mehana aie i ka chaotic noi o ka pendulum hakakino waiwai a me ka lewa.

Maoli, i ke kānāwai mua o thermodynamics ua maikai ae ike i ke kānāwai o ka mālama o ka ikehu. Kona Mānoa, he wahi ia o ka ikehu i ka'ōnaehana, aole ia i nalo, akā, wale hoohuliia mai kekahi palapala i kekahi, a me ka loli mai kekahi palapala i kekahi.

No ka mea manawa mua i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka like kilo i loko o ka hapalua like-umikumamaiwa kenekulia. K. Moore. He kuhikuhi mai i ka ikehu hiki ke hele i loko o nā Hawaii: wela, uila, ka noi, magnetism, etc. naʻe, i ua kālaiʻia i ke kānāwai wale nō i loko o 1847, Helmholtz, a ma ka iwakalua kenekulia ... ia notorious haʻilula E = mc2 i ua ia, i ka i komo Einstein hopena a.

2. Ka lua o ka kānāwai o thermodynamics, paha. I hanaʻia i loko o ka makahiki 1850, nä känaka 'epekema R. Clausius, ka mea, o ka mea kēia kilo: ka maloko ikehu hoi o ka makana i loko o ka paʻa'ōnaehana loli aʻe randomly ai i ikehu pono keia mau mea ua hoemi, ma laila e māhuahua entropy.

3. Ekolu Law a Law o Thermodynamics. Me ka ma ka manao o ka manaʻo i ka wela o ka chaotic a me ka huikau ka neʻeʻana o nā lātoma, ka mea hiki e manao ia ka anuanu maila ''ōnaehana entails i ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o kā lākou physical haʻawina. Entropy mea Aʻohe i loko o ka hihia ma kekahi kaulele neʻeʻana o nā lātoma ua pau hoʻi i kāpiliʻia.

Ke loa waiwai o ka entropy o ka waiwai hiki ke mau hōʻailona i ka ike ole i kona wela ma loa 'Aʻohe. W. Nernst ma ka lōʻihi, a nui haʻawina ka mea i loaʻa i nā mea a pau mea pōaka mea i ka ia wela nona iho: i loa 'Aʻohe a me ka mea like me ia' Aʻohe. Kēia hopena o ke kolu o ka kānāwai o thermodynamics. Ike keia mea, he mea hiki, e hoohalike i ka entropy o keʻano o nā mea me ka loli ma ana wela.

Aia Ua hoi ka ai-i kapaia 'Aʻohe kānāwai o thermodynamics, ia aklyuchaetsya o ka kēia: ai ka manawa i wela mai ka hapa wela o ka noho kaʻawale'ōnaehana kŰlń ao i pau na kumu mua. Penei, ma manawa, o ka mahana ua ua kūponoʻia i loko o ka hoʻokahi kahua.

Nā kānāwai o nā thermodynamics - e ka i ka walaʻauʻana eiiiiiaiou o ka 'epekema o mechanics. Aie i ka haʻina i hana 'ia i kekahi manawa, laekahi' epekema a me ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua waiwai ma ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, loa machines.

Nā kānāwai o nā thermodynamics i paʻa i nā lālā o nā mechanics.