Natterjack: kaianoho koholā, hōʻikeʻano, photo

Paha e heluhelu ana i ka hua'ōlelo "rana" i loko o ka inoa o keia 'atikala, kekahi wince i konaʻaumakua. Ke kino hoomanao ana o keia amphibian na kanaka mea nō kaʻawaʻawa loa ahahui: eʻohi i ka mea ole no ka mea, a pau i ka ili, i loko o kona "warts", a me ka mau nānā aku nei i ka loa oluolu. Akā, ke hoomau i ka Mālama i oe i keia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā. Inā mākou e noonoo pono i ka toad, a laila, i kēia holoholona, ke hiki u walohia.

I kēia manawa, ua oi aku mamua o ekolu haneri laha 'o nā rana - i ka wai, piʻi nō kāua po, viviparous. Akā, i keia la i ka meʻe o keia 'atikala e ia i ka loa nā ala malū natterjack. Kēia? Ueo Ua laha ma Western Europe, a ma o nā panalāʻau e noho ana i ka mea kahiko Soviet Union, ua loaʻa wale nō i loko o ka Baltic States, North-Western Ukraine a me Western Belarus.

Natterjack: hōʻikeʻano

Kēia amphibian mai ka lehulehu kahiko toads (Bufo). I kekahi manawa ka mea, ua kapaʻia he smelly toad (Bufo calamita). Ua pili ia i ka mea o ka tailless. Toad, Hawaii photo i mea ole he pono ole i loko o ka paʻi puke o ka holoholona, ka mea mea he typical Luna o kona ohana, a ola ma aneane kela'āinapuniʻole koe Australia.

Mākou hiki ole ke olelo i keia mea he nui toad. O ka meakino-pepa paia holoholona. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO loaʻa nā kanaka puni elima kenimika ma ka lōʻihi. Toads ewalu kenimika ma ka lōʻihi, a ma luna o nā'āina pohihihi keia.

I waho hiʻona

Natterjack mai he hoihoi 'waihoʻoluʻu. Kona kua ua pena i loko o ka malamalama poʻo a me ka oliva'ōmaʻomaʻo. Ua ua uhiia me ka lehulehu pouli mau kiko. Light e hoomaemae ia, a holo ma ka waena o ke kua a me ka poo, distinguishes keia amphibian mai ka uliuli toad, i keia la Ua laha.

Lumpyʻili, akā, me ka mea spike in. Kēia nā pūʻulu mea 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai na rana, nona ka ili o pono malimali a me ka palekana mai ka maloʻo ana mai mucus. ʻili kō toads hookahi uhi me ka lehulehu uuku glands pee i kaʻawahia waiwai. ʻElua hou nui gland kahi kokoke i ka pepeiao. Ka mea, i kapaʻia parotidy.

Ke abdomen Ua 'ia nā pōpō poʻohina-keʻokeʻo hue. Na maka i ka hooponopono ia horizontally. Kane a pau o keia? Ueo o rana i ikaika lakou kaniai cavities ma a lakou i lohe ai i ka mamao loa. A me ka lua o na kui mea o ka hola o ka ia Ana. Kane a me ka wahine oko ma ke ano o ka puu kau - ma ka wahine ka mea, ua pena keokeo, a me na kane - i loko o ka poni.

Hoomalu mai ka poe enemi

He ole ulia natterjack i loaa mai ke ano maoli o ai uku coloration a me ka make glands. 'O kēia ka mea wale nō ka palekana o kēia mau kali-e neʻe holoholona i loko o ka paio no ka manawa. Kaʻimiʻana weliweli, natterjack UOAN e pakele ai, akā, i ka wa a ka mea, 'aʻole e hana pela, i ka makau ia pulls aku i kaʻili, a uhi i ka keʻokeʻo hua wai e loaʻa heʻawaʻawa loa ala.

E hōʻalo ai i ka haule pio i kaʻili, poʻo nui a me raccoon ilio, toad E e aneaneʻike makaʻole. Inā ka Moana nō e hoʻokele e hai i ka amphibian, a Haiʻina mai ia, a laila ia e ole huāhuā ka. Popo ino glands, reflex-ka hoʻokuʻu 'waiwai me ka pungentʻala hoʻopailua, heʻawaʻawa nui ono, ka hoʻolako' emetic keia -ʻae i keia "delicacy" e e hoowalewaleia'ku ai e pono loa pōloli Moana. Kanaka nahesa niho waiwai pee ma glands, i ole ia ia ka poino a me ka mai ole i warts (ka loa, he pono ole misconception).

kaianoho koholā

Mākou i mai la mua i ka natterjackʻole i loko o 'Eulopa, ma ka hikina a me ka akau o kona huahelu hiki i ka UK, ka mea, ua loaʻa i loko o kaʻaoʻao hema o Kuekene, ma ke komohana Belarus, ma ka akau-komohana hapa o Ukraine, ma ka Baltic States. I ko kakou aupuni ka mea, hiki ke ike wale i loko o ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina.

Ua 'Oi ka makemake e noho i loko o nā kula kai. He like ua pono e lalana ana ka malamalama one ka lepo ma ka lā, maloʻo a me ka hamama like. Ua noho ana ma ke one kapa o ka muliwai, Reservoir, ic ??, ulu me ka laau uuku a me ka herbaceous kanu, e noho ana ma ka auaneʻiʻoe.

'Oe ke' ike i ka toad i loko o na kula, ma na kihi o ka ululaau, ma ka lumber mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, i kahi āna i peʻe ma lalo o ka lāʻau nui ilpko o, noae ma ka puʻu. Natterjack Kahalaopunaʻoluʻolu ma farmland (me ka moe kolohe ka lepo). Ma ka Pyrenees ka mea, puka mai a hiki i ke kiekie o ka oi ma mua o elua, a me ka hapalua tausani mika luna o kaʻilikai.

Hana ma ka vivo

Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo o ka natterjack mea hana ma ka hope o Aperila. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hana i molehulehu, i ka lā i hana pohihihi keia, ka mea, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hana ma ka lā paʻapū i ka ino.

I ka wā o ke koena (ka hooilo,) pee iloko o na ana a me na hale kamala - i loko o maoli niches, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i ka naele o ka honua nei, i kekahi manawa kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka lepo. Ke kumu o kaʻai - nā mea kolo. Iloko o ke? Aneii kokoke, aole eʻae ai. Moe waiwai nui ke hele mai i ka eha makahiki. Life expectancy He umikumamalima makahiki.

Hibernation natterjack hoouna mai i ka hopena o August ka wā o ka lewa mahana Hawaiʻi i 10 ° C.

Ka natterjack i hanai?

Kō toads makemake i kaʻai ma luna o invertebrates crawling ka holo akula,'ūhini lele me, e ikuwa ana, ilo, a me ka 'ē aʻe.

Kēia toad (Hawaii photo oe ike ma lalo nei) - kekahi o ka mea mau i waena o kona mau "hoahanau" ka mea i poʻe hahai iā ia i kona mea pio. Palai pio, ua aho koke huli aku ia ia, a E kiʻi i ka kona waha.

'ōlelo

Hoʻopulapula natterjack i mehana ka papau kū wai kino, ua hoopili i ulu i kanu. I kekahi manawa, i ka wahine hoolakolako hua i loko o ka waikai wai. No nā'ōlelo pono ka wai mahana, aole e emi malalo o +18 ° C. Kēia manawa mau, mai ka lua o ka hapalua o Aperila a hiki i ka pauʻana o Iulai. Mass spawning nui e wahi i loko o Mei a me Iune.

I hookuu i loko o ka auina la i keia manawa o ke kanaka e ma ka lalo o ka? Aieeeua. Ikryanoe kaula i ka laula o ka elima millimeters me ka lōʻihi o 1,6 mika. Ma pohihihi keia hoopii, ka mea, ke hiki i ka lōʻihi o 3.2 m. Lākou i ke aupuni 'ma ka lepo ka hohonu (20 knm). Hua paha 1,6 mm o ke anawaena ke aupuni 'i loko o nā lālaniʻelua. I kekahi manawa i ka wahine ke waiho mai i 5.250 hua.

Ke larvae ulu i 8.5 mm o. Development mau 55 lā. Ma mua o ka tadpole metamorphosis toad ulu mai ka 28 mm o. Ka mea,ʻai ma detritus, protozoans ma phytoplankton a me ka uuku crustaceans.

Toads o keia? Ueo ulu loa lohi. I ka wā o ka tadpole lilo heʻuʻuku akā, brisk toad, he holoholona hele mai ana mai loko mai o ka? Aieeeua. 'Ōpio i e hele mai ma luna o ka'āina, i loko o ka lōʻihi o ka 1 kenimika. ka mea, nui ke akamai nui pii aku la lakou, ua e ka abdomen.

ikaika

Ka mua Soviet Union natterjack ola ma ka hikina kae o ka laulā. Kēia? Ueo ua haawi loa unevenly. Ma kekahi wahi, i ko lakou helu Ua loa kiʻekiʻe, oiai kekahi poe kaulana i ka haule ana o ka helu, a me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka kaianoho koholā.

Ua lŘlŘ ma luna o ka mokuna o kekahi me ke koe. Kēia? Ueo ua hoomaluia e ka Bern Convention (hoohui II). Ma na aina, he mea pohihihiʻano o ka natterjack. Ka Red Book o ka USSR, like hoʻi me ka Book Red o Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia a me Rusia ua i loko o kā lākou amphibian maluhia kahua kaua. Kālaikaiaola o na? Ueo? Anoee mea a ianoiyuaa a lawa ponoʻole.

Natterjack: Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi

Kēia rana mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke lele pono, e like na rana, no ka mea, diawahine ia wāwae pōkole. O kona Lele aole lakou he poe loihi eʻaʻole lōʻihi.

Toad o kēia 'ano - he nui ino swimmer, no laila, i ka mea i loko o ka hohonu kino o ka wai, e hiki eaaei mokuhia e.

Akā, ua hiki skillfully pii i ka laau kumu paha kiʻi mai o ka hohonu lua. Eia hou kekahi, ia eaaei e kolo ana maluna o ka makeʻe kumu o ka laau, akā, wale ina ka wauke i ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka iki roughness.

A me kekahi hana hoihoi mea. Natterjack loa hana hoihoi Pńk'pika: ka mea, ua ole crawling,ʻaʻole o Kepakailiula i, a me ka holo, a ma luna o nā mea a pau eha wawae, a anuenue i kou kua he kūoʻo. Kēia mea reminiscent o liʻiliʻi rodents, akā,ʻaʻole tailless amphibians.

Natterjack i hookoia i ka inoa o ka loudest rana i loko o ke ao nei. alapine (frequency) kani kinoea ma kāne a pau i ka penei kekahi wa pono, kekahi a me kekahi hapa tausani Hertz.

I kekahi manawa, kō toads hōʻalo no ka hooilo manuʻioʻio i 'lewa ma luna o ke one kahakai. I kekahi mink ke hoopau i kekahi mau toads.