Nine equilibrium: Nine Inch equilibrium ikaika a me ka aoao o ka 'aoʻao o

I ka 1885, Palani physicist a me ka chemist Le Chatelier i ee aku, a ma ka makahiki 1887 i ka German physicist Brown hoapono mai i ke kānāwai o Nine Inch equilibrium a me ka Nine Inch equilibrium ikaika, a ua aʻo lākou kaukaʻi ma ka aoao o kela mawaho aʻe.

Ke ae pā o ka Nine Inch equilibrium

Equilibrium - he hōʻeuʻeu ana, a 'o ia hoʻi ia mau mea i mau neʻe maila. Products decompose ma luna o nā reagents, a ua hui reactants ma huahana. Na mea e holo, akā, na nā hoʻohui like koe ua hoʻololiʻia. Ke naoh Ua palapala me ka papalua pua kahi o ka hoahanauna kakauinoa i ka hōʻike i ia mea reversible.

Classic lauana

E like ma ka hope kenekulia, chemists ua ikeia kekahi kānāwai i hoomakaukau ai no ka manawa kūpono o hoʻololi i ka olelo o ka naoh i loko o ka ia nona iho. Knowledge o Nine Inch reactions lawe pehea wahi, e incredibly nui no nā keʻena hoʻokolohua noiʻi a me ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo. I ka Ia manawa nui o ka hiki i ka pāʻana i kēia mauʻike manaʻo. He kanaka ano e ālai ia 'aʻe i loko o na mea he nui o ka hana kūlohelohe, pela me ka pili ana i ka reversible, laila, e hana aku ia lakou i ko lakou pono. Mai ka ike ana o ka Nine Inch reactions e e oi pono keia mau mea ina he pololei ke kauoha o na kumu hoʻohālikelike a.

Ke kānāwai o ka nuipa a hana ma ka kemika hoʻohana ma chemists, e pono e huli i ka mämä holo o ka naoh. Ua haawi i maopopo ka manaʻo o ka mea i kekahi Nine Inch kaʻina hana e ole e lawe mai i ka hopena ina mea e e paa ana i ka paʻa kahua. Nā lātoma hana o ka waiwai, a eia i loko o ia a eia kaulele noi, a me ka hiki koke ana aʻe naoh i loko i nā lātoma i loaʻa hou hoʻomakaʻia.

I hana, o ka loa mau hoʻohana hamama kumu kahua. Moku, kaa, a me nā ipu, kahi o ka Nine Inch reactions i nā wehe 'ia nei. Kēia mea e hōʻoia 'ia i loko o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana hiki ke wehe' ia a me ka makemake huahana, e pakele no ka mea lapuwale huahana o ka naoh. No ka laʻana, lanahu ua wela i loko o hamama umu, lepo pipili no kilns i loko o ka wehe-type hoʻohanuʻana e punohu ana hoʻohana me ka ikaika ea lako, a ua synthesized ammonia me ke ana ana o ka ammonia.

Reversible a irreversible Nine Inch naoh,

E like me ka inoa paipai, e ke haawi aku i ka like wehewehe: noʻonoʻo irreversible naoh i lawe mai ai a hiki i ka hopena me ka hoʻololi kona kauoha, a e kahe ana ma ka hoʻoholo ma mua alanui nānā 'ole o ka puʻe oko ao a me ka wela fluctuations. Ko lakou hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o ka mea i kekahi huahana ke haʻalele i ka laulā o ka naoh. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka laʻana, ke loaa kinoea (CaCO ₃ = CaO + CO _2), precipitate (cu (NO _{3) 2} + H ₂ S = CuS + 2HNO _3), a me nā hui. Ke naoh E hoi e manao ia irreversible, ina he nui ka nui o ka wela ua hookuu ia i ke kaʻina hana, no kekahi laʻana: 4P + 5O ₂ = 2P ₂ O ₅ + Q.

Kokoke a pau na reactions e hana ana ma ke ano maoli, ua reversible. Nānā 'ole o ka mawaho aku ana e like me ka mahana a me ka puʻe,ʻaneʻane a pau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hana ka poʻe i loko o kekahiʻaoʻao. E like me ke kānāwai o ka nuipa a hana i loko o kemika, o ka nui o ka wela o ke kemu mea like me ka helu anao? Aou, a 'o ia hoʻi ia ina kekahi naoh ua exothermic, i ka lua o ka (hoʻololi) bude endothermic.

Nine equilibrium: Nine Inch equilibrium a eia i

No AiON - he "verb" kemika - hana e hoʻokolokolo ai chemists. He nui reactions e hele i ka pau 'ana, a laila ana, a' o ia hoʻi i ka reactants e loa hoohuliia i loko o huahana ole i hiki ke hoʻi i kona kikokikona moku'āina. Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka naoh mea maoli irreversible, e like me ka aa ana o ka loli nā kino a me ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka waiwai. Eia naʻe, ua nui'ē aʻe ana ma a ka backlash mea,ʻaʻole wale nō e hiki, akā, i ke ana e like me nā huahana o ka naoh mua i reagents no ka lua.

Hōʻeuʻeu moku'āina ma i ka lehulehu o na reactants a me nā huahana noho a eia i, ua kapaia equilibrium. He hiki ke kilokilo i ka hana o ka pono a me kekahi mau kanawai e pili ana ma na nāʻoihana, e imi ana e emi i ka lilo o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kekahi Nine Inch. E maopopo i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i malama ole palena papaha hooweliweli i ke ola o kanaka, i pono keia mau mea i ka manaʻo o Nine Inch equilibrium. Nine equilibrium ikaika o ka waiwai o ka ololi o ke naoh, i mea e kaukaʻi ma ka ikaika ionic a me ka wela, a me ka mea i hilinai ma na nā hoʻohui like o na reactants a me nā huahana ma ka pāʻoihana.

I ka ho omaulia ana o ka equilibrium a eia i

Kēia nui He dimensionless, a laila,ʻaʻole me ka kekahi helu o nā huahelu. ʻOiai ka i ka ho omaulia ua ana i kākau 'ia no ka reactantsʻelua a me nā huahana, e hana no kekahi helu ana i komo i loko o ka naoh. I ka ho omaulia a me ka hoakaka ana o ka equilibrium a eia i hilinaʻi nui ma luna paha o ka Nine Inch naoh ua pili me ka homogeneous a heterogeneous equilibrium. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i pane koke na eiiiiiaiou a pau i e maemae ke kinowai a me kinoea. No ka reactions e hiki heterogeneous equilibrium, he mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO oi ma mua o kekahi pae, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa elua. No ka laʻana, ke kinowai a me nā kinoea a me ka'ā a me ke kinowai.

Ke kumukuai o ka equilibrium a eia i

No kekahi haawi ana wela i ka equilibrium a eia i, he mea hoʻokahi wale nō waiwai i hoʻololi wale ina ke ana wela i a ka naoh ia lŘlŘ loli aʻe i loko o kekahi ao ao. He hiki no e kekahi wānana e pili ana i ka Nine Inch naoh, ma muli ia paha ka equilibrium a eia i ka nui a me ka meaʻuʻuku. Inā ka waiwai mea nui loa, i ka equilibrium makemake ia ka naoh ma ka akau a me ka huli hou nā huahana ma mua o makemake reagents. Ke naoh i loko o keia hihia hiki ke kapaia he "piha" a me ka "laupaʻi".

Inā i ka waiwai o ka equilibrium a eia i mea uuku, ka mea e maikaʻi naoh i ka hema, ma ka nui o reagents ua oi ma mua o nā huahana hana. Inā keia kumukuai hoʻokokoke mai 'Aʻohe, ka mea hiki ke ea i ka naoh, aole ia i kānāwai. Inā na aiee o ka equilibrium o ia a eia no ka mea mua, a me ka hoole reactions i kokoke i ka ia, i ka nui o na reactants a me nā huahana e kekahi aneane'ālike. Kēiaʻano o ka naoh ua manaoia e e reversible.

E noonoo oe i ka reversible naoh i ho'ākāka '

E mau Nine Inch hehee wale e like me iodine a me hydrogen, a ka wā i hui pūʻia e haawi aku i ka hou waiwai - hydrogen iodide.

H ₂ + au ₂ = 2HI

Ma lawe māmā holo V ₁ o ka pololei naoh, a me ka V ₂ - aʻe naoh ana, K - equilibrium ikaika. E ho ohana i ke kānāwai o ka nuipa a hana, i ka i kēia hōʻike:

c. ₁ = K ₁ * l V (H ₂₎ * (I _2),

V ₂ = ke k ₂ * c. ² (HI).

I ka hoʻohuihui ka hakakino iodine (I ₂₎ a me ka hydrogen (H ₂₎ kā lākou AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN huli no. Ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua, ka mea i kā mākou lehulehu o kēia mau kumu, akā, i ka pau ana o ka mea i kā mākou muli o ka lehulehu o ka mea hou i huiʻia - hydrogen iodide (HI). Alaila, ma laila e e kekahi naoh holo 'awelika. Ma ka hoʻomaka, ka mea e e maximized. E ho'ōla hele mai kekahi manawa ka wā mau aiee e like, a me ia mea he ana i ua kapaia Nine Inch equilibrium.

Ka 'aoʻao o Nine Inch equilibrium o ia a eia i nui i hoʻokohu' ia me nā brackets. [H _2], [au _2], [HI]. Mai like, laila equilibrium māmā holo o ka:

ke k ₁ [H _2] [au _2] = ke k ₂ [HI] ^2,

no laila mākou e hele i ka helu kaulike o Nine Inch equilibrium ia a eia i:

ke Kalapu ₁ / ke k ₂ = [HI] ² / [H _2] [au _2] = K.

I ka rula o Le Chatelier-Brown

Aia o ke kēia rula: ina i ka'ōnaehana i mea ma ka equilibrium, e paka i kekahi hopena (loli o Nine Inch equilibrium kūlana ma ka hoololi ana wela a me ka puʻe, no ka laʻana), i ke koena, e hoʻololi i ka hapa 'ia' counteract i ka hopena o nā hoʻololi. Ma waho aʻeo ia kemika, i pili i kēia loina i loko o ka helu ana i okoa ana i kālā i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka pharmacology a me ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai.

Nine equilibrium mau a me ka aoao o ka 'aoʻao o

Ke equilibrium 'aoʻao o ke e kāheaʻia ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka lehulehu o nā huahana a me reactants. Wale Nine Inch ma ka koʻana koko a me ka gaseous kūlana i komo i loko o ka haʻilula o equilibrium, no ka mea, i hoʻololi i ka lehulehu o ke kinowai, kinopaÿa. He aha kumumea lakou aloha ia i ka Nine Inch koena? Inā e komo ai i ke kinowai maʻemaʻe a paa, ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo i ka mea i K = 1, a pela hou e ia i loko o ka mooolelo, a me ke koe o ka lahui i kia pāʻoihana. No ka laʻana, he hala ole ka wai i ha awina o 1.

Kekahi laʻana o ka paa kalapona, i hiki ke hanaʻia ma ka naoh o nā nā lātoma o kalapona monoxide, e hana i carbon dioxide i a me ka kalapona. Makaʻu i ke aloha ia i ke koena, loaʻa i ka hou ana o ka reactant 'ole kekahi huahana (lehulehu loli e loli ai ke koena). Ohui i ka mea kemikala ke alakai i ka pono ma ka equilibrium Nine Inch helu kaulike ma laila nō hou ano o ka huahana. Ke hou huahana ke alakai i ka equilibrium i koe, e like me ka hou aku i 'ano apau loa reagents.

Equilibrium ia lŘlŘ ka wā o ka naoh ua lawe wahi i loko o nāʻaoʻao, ka mea i he ikaika aku lākiō o reactants a me nā huahana. I mau, ka Nine Inch equilibrium mea kūpaʻa, mai ka like ana o nā huahana a me reagents i ikaika. Eia naʻe, he kokoke nana hōʻike i ke koena o ka mea i loa hōʻeuʻeu kaʻina hana, e like me ka naoh höʻike i loko o nāʻaoʻao ma ka ia mämä.

Hōʻeuʻeu equilibrium mea he laʻana o ka oihana o ka napoo moku'āina. No ka'ōnaehana i loko o ka napoo ana ike i ka keia manawa, o ka hana mau i loko o ka wā e hiki mai. No laila, koke ka naoh hiki equilibrium, ka lākiō o ka reactant a me huahana nā hoʻohui like koe i ka ia, eia nae ke naoh i loaa mai.

Like e hai aku e pili ana i ka luna '?

Manaÿo e like me ka Nine Inch equilibrium a me ka Nine Inch equilibrium ikaika, e loa paʻakikī i maopopo. E ke kumu hoohalike o ke ola. Anei oe a mau loa aku e paʻa ma luna o ka uapo ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale elua, a hoʻolohe i ka mea i ka neʻeʻana i loko o ka 'ē aʻe hema smoothly a ana, oiai oe e hopelessly apo la ma ka kalepa? i keia mea maikai.

He aha ina ka mīkini ana, a hoʻoneʻe i ka ia mämä holo ma na aoao elua? Ua koe a hiki i ka helu o ke kaa i loko o nā kūlanakauhale paʻa '? A hiki i ke komoʻana a me ka OAAIeOO mämä holo i loko o nā kūlanakauhale o ka ia, akā, me ka helu o nā kaa ma kela kulanakauhale i ka pilina paʻa ma manawa, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea a pau kaʻina mea i loko o hōʻeuʻeu equilibrium.