Novgorod na'lii. Ano o ka Novgorod na'lii a

Ma ka hapalua like-12th kenekulia ma Kievan Rus i hana 15 ka poe liilii, a me ka nui i ko na'lii. Ma ke kakahiaka nui 13th kenekulia, kā lākou helu mahuahua i 50. Ka'opi o ka moku'āina i ole wale io (attenuation mua o ka kaua o ka Mongols), akā, i maikaʻi.

Rusia i loko o ke au o feudal fragmentation

I kekahi ko na'lii, a me nā mea koikoi, hoomaka ae la ka kokololio ulu ana o na kulanakauhale hoomaka ae la e hana me ka hoʻomohala kuai ana a me ka Baltic Pūʻia, a me nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Kekahi 'e noho ana i nā hoʻololi i loko o ka kūloko moʻomeheu: nāʻoihana aliʻi i hana ai, e kūkulu hou iauaeoia a oi.

Mele Aupuni

Ma ka moku'āina, ua kekahi mau nui ko na'lii,. Kēia, ma ka nui, hiki ke noʻonoʻo me Chernihiv, Kyiv, Seversk. Naʻe, ka mea nui i manaoia ekolu mau mea: Galicia-Volhynia ma ka hema-komohana, Novgorod a me Vladimir-Suzdal ma ka akau-hikina. O lakou ka papa kuhikuhi pili ioauoa o ka moku'āina ma ia manawa. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea a pau o ia kā lākou mau kiʻiona hiʻona. Next, e mau kamailio ana mea e noho ana i nā hiʻona o ka Novgorod na'lii.

Overview

Ia mea nō,ʻaʻole loa ike kêia kanaka, mai a hoomaka ae la i ke kūpono 'ana o ke Novgorod na'lii. Ka mua hoohiki ana o ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o ka māhele 'āina e pili ana i ka 859-la makahiki. Naʻe, ka mea, ua hilahila ia, oiai na kakaolelo i ole hoʻohana map mooolelo (ka mea,ʻikeʻia i 10-11 kenekulia), a me ka ohi mau kaao i i i ka loa hanohano i waena o na kanaka. Ma hope o Rusia i luna o ka Byzantine mooolelo o i hoʻouluulu moʻolelo, nā kākau i ia e i nā moʻolelo, kū kaʻawale aayoaeuiinoe i ka lā mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka ino mooolelo. O ka holo ana, i kēia mea paʻewa ka launa pū kahi lōʻihi, no laila, mai paulele aku ia ia loa penei.

Na'lii a "Novgorod Land"

He aha i ka māhele 'āina i loko o ka wa kahiko? Novgorod o ia hoʻi, "hou kulanakauhale." A kūlanakauhale i loko o ka wā kahiko Rus kapa paʻa hooponopono hoʻopuniʻia e nā pā. Archaeologists loaʻa ekolu noho i aia i loko o ka ?? eoi? Ee, a ua hana i loko o ka Novgorod na'lii. Ke Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka hoakaka ia wahi i loko o kekahi o nāʻoihana. E like me ka ike kahi ma ke kapa hema o ka Volkhov (he mea manawa ka Kremlin).

Me ka hooholo ia o ka manawa noho merged i loko o kekahi. Kupa kūkulu nohona ma ka ikaika. Ua Ua kapaia Novgorod. Kanaka noiʻi kakaka? Ac? Ano na nānaina i ka mōʻaukala, hoʻokomo o ke kulanakauhale hou i ke kulanakauhale kahiko. Ua Ua Aia he iki ma luna kokoke i ke kumu o ka Volkhov. E like me nāʻoihana aliʻi, ka mea ana kahiko i ka pā noho. Ua koe aliʻi o Novgorod na'lii a me kā lākou mau kiaaina. Local moʻolelo i hōʻike loa i ka wiwo ole au mea mahuʻi i ka noho ana i noho iho a me ka Rurik. Ua haawiia i keia, e hiki e ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka hooponopono ana o keia mea, a me ka Novgorod na'lii. hiki Kuʻe Huli henua puʻu e noʻonoʻo me ka hou loulou. Ua kū ma luna o ka Volga-Baltic alanui, a i noʻonoʻo i ka manawa i 'ano nui kalepa a me ka maalea, koa a me ka hoʻomalu wahi.

Ano o ka Novgorod na'lii a

Ma ke kenekulia mua o kona ola, i ke ana ua liʻiliʻi (ma ke kālā no hae). Novgorod ua loa laau. Ua Ua aia ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o ka muliwai, a ua hala loa he hanana kŰia, no ka mea, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO noho, ua ma luna o ka puʻu, a ma kekahiʻaoʻao. Ka mea mua e noho i hana ana i ko lakou mau hale kokoke i ka wai, akā,ʻaʻole he kokoke ia ia, no ka mea, no ka mea, aole i pinepine wai. Ua kūkulu alanui p ÷ haku i ka Volkhov. A iki ma hope ka mea i hui ma ka "uhai-mai" Lane i holo ia laua a hiki i ka muliwai. Ma ke kapa hema o ka mimiki paia o ka Kremlin. I ia manawa ka mea, ua oi aku ka li ma mua o ka mea e ku ana ma Novgorod i keia la. Ma ka 'ē aʻe panakō i loko o ka Kolewenia kauhale aia Manor a me ka luna o ka pā hale.

Lūkiniʻoihana aliʻi

Novgorod na'lii i olelo ia i loko o nā moʻolelo he nui kūpono ke uuku. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau mau lāliʻi i ka pakahi nui. Ma nāʻoihana i hana ia 882, ai ka makahiki, kamailio e pili ana i ke kai eʻe o Prince Oleg i Kiev mai Novgorod. E like me ka hopena, ua huiʻia ka nui hikina Slavicʻelua nōʻohana lākou: i nā mahinaʻai, a Ilmen Slavs. Ua ua mai ia manawa, a hoʻomaka i ka moʻolelo o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina. Record 912, i ka makahiki paipai i ka Novgorod na'lii a uku Scandinavians i ka makahiki i 300 hryvnia ma o ka mālama 'ana i ka maluhia.

Records o nā lāhui kanaka

Novgorod na'lii i olelo ia i loko o Byzantineʻoihana aliʻi. No ka laʻana, Emperor Constantine VII kākau ai no Rousseau ma 10th ke kenekulia. Ma ka Scandinavian sagas i makamake nui Novgorod na'lii. Ka mua kaao iʻikeʻia, mai ka noho alii ana o na mamo a Sviatoslav. Ma hope o kona makeʻana, ma waena o kāna mau keiki kāne a me Oleg Yaropolk i paio no ka mana. Ma ka 977 ko ka makahiki o ke kaua i wahi. E like me ka hopena, ia Jaropolk luku kaua Oleg, a lilo Grand Duke, kanu ma Novgorod lākou mau posadniks. Aia ua no hoi he kolu o ka hoahanau. Akā, no ka makau i ka make, holo aku la Vladimir i Scandinavia. Eia naʻe, i kona wa e kaawale aku ua kŘpa a pōkole-olaʻana. I ka 980, ai ka makahiki, ua hoi aku la i Novgorod na'lii a me hoolimalimaia Vikings. A laila, luku aku la ia posadniks, a neʻe akula ia Kiev. Aia Jaropolk Vladimir hewa ana, mai ka noho aliʻi, a lilo ae la ka Haku o Kiev.

hoomana

Novgorod na'lii a hiʻona e e kāpili ina i ole olelo mākou e pili ana i ka nui o ka manaoio i na ola o kanaka. Ka 989 Ua bapetizoia iho la. Mua, ka mea, ua ma Kiev, a laila, i loko o Novgorod. Mana, a mahuahua nui ma ka lilo ana o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano a me kona monotheism. Ka ekalesia hui i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka hierarchical ano. Ua Ua lilo i kahi mea paahana ikaika no ka ho okumu ana o Lūkini statehood. I ka makahiki o ka bapetizo ana i loko o Novgorod i hoounaia mai i Joachim Korsunianin (Byzantine kahuna). Akā, au pono aku nei au i Kristiano ua ole e apo la. He nui ka poe e noho ana i loko o wikiwiki eʻuwao me ka manaoio o ko lākou mau kūpuna. E like me ke hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana, he nui pagan rituals ola mai i 11-13 kenekulia. A, no ka laʻana, Mardi Gras mea kaulana i keia la. Oiai keia Holiday haawiia'ku kekahi Christian 'ia nā pōpō.

Activity Yaroslava

Vladimir lilo ma hope o ka Haku o Kiev, i hoʻounaʻo ia iā Novgorod Vysheslav ke keiki, a ma hope o kona make ana - Yaroslav. Ka inoa o ka hope o nā hoao e pakele ana i ka aoao o Kiev. Mai 1014, i ka makahiki Yaroslav hoole mai i ka hookupu. Vladimir loaʻa mai ana ia, hoomaka ae la e ohi i ka paukū, akā, i loko o ka papa o ka hoomakaukau koke i make. Kona pii ana i ka noho aliʻi Svyatopolk poino loa. He pepehi i kona poe hoahanau Svyatoslav Drevlyansky a a laila hoalii mai ia me ka haipule a me ka Boris Gleb. Yaroslav ua ma muli o kona kulana he pilikia kūlana. Ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, ua ihola ia ma luna o ka 'ana o ka mana i loko o Kiev. Akā, ma ka mea 'ē aʻe lima - kona paukū uaʻaʻole ikaika lawa. A laila, ua hoʻoholo iholaʻo ia i huli ai i ka olelo ana Novgorod. Jaroslav koi na kanaka e hopu Kiev, hoi pela iho hoʻi nā mea a pau i i laweʻia aku ai i loko o ka palapala o ka hookupu. Kupaʻae, a ma hope o kekahi mau manawa ma ke kaua o Liubech Svyatopolk ana ua hee o ke poo, a holo aku la a hiki i Poland.

hou Aey? acaeoey

I ka 1018, ka makahiki, pu me ka hui o Boleslaw (makua kāne a me King i kana wahine ka o Poland) Svyatopolk hoi i Rusia. Ma ke kaua ka mea, luku Yaroslav loa (oia holo me eha koa, mai ka mahinaʻai). makemake He e hele i Novgorod, a laila,? oaony e neʻe i Scandinavia. Akā, na kanaka makemake ole e ia ia ke hana ia. kua i lalo i nā rooks a pau, ohi kālā, a me kekahi poe koa hou, i hiki i ka Haku, e hoʻomau i ke kaua. I keia manawa, ka paulele aku i ka noho paa lawa ma luna o ka noho aliʻi Svyatopolk i hakaka ai me ka Moi o Poland. Hoʻonele o kākoʻo,ʻo ia nalowale i ke kaua ma Alta. Jaroslav ma hope o ka kaua o Novgorod kuu hale, e haawi ana ia lakou i na mea palapala - "He oiaio" a me "Articles o Ahahui". E like me ia ia ia, ka mea, i ke ola. Iloko o na kēia mau makahiki, kekahi i kaukaʻi ka Novgorod na'lii a ma Kiev. Mua me ke kia'āina Yaroslav hoouna mai i kana keiki Ilya. A laila, hoʻouna akulaʻo ia Vladimir, ka mea i loko o 1044, ka makahiki i kau i ka pā kaua. ʻO kēia mau makahiki, ma kana kauoha i ka hoʻomaka 'ana? Ieoaeunoaa o ka pohaku halepule hou i kahi o ka laau Sophia (i puhi). Mai ia manawa, o ka luakini nô kêia ka spirituality o Novgorod.

pili aupuni kahua

He hoʻomohala i nā. Mau manawa e ku mai ma ka mōʻaukala. Ma mua ua he feudal repubalika, a i aliʻi e ka luna. A i loko o ka lua - hooponopono no i ka oligarchy. Iloko o ka manawa mua i loko o ka Novgorod na'lii a ola a pau i ka nui nā loko o ka moku'āina mana. Higher Institute E hoomanao i Boyarsky Council a me ke keʻena. Ke hooko mana i haawi tysyatsky a me aliʻi pā hale, burgomaster, Meia, volosteli a me ka hooponopono ana volostelyami. Veche i he kupaianaha manaʻo. Ua Ua noʻonoʻo i ka lokomaikai kiekie mana 'aneʻi, a keia manawa, he mana nui loa ma mua o ka mea'ē aʻe i ko na'lii. Veche Wehewehe i nā nīnūnē wahi lulu, a me na haole ano, kipakuia mai paha koho i kekahi alii, suburban a me nā luna. Ua kekahi mea i ka lani kiekie loa Aha. Kekahi kino o ka 'Aha o na boyars. Kēia hui, i hoʻomōhala i ka holoʻokoʻa hoʻokiwikā'ōnaehana'ōnaehana. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka' Aha i hele ma ka hoʻokamakama aliʻi, lunakahiko, tysyatskiye, posadniki, Archbishop a me ka Haku. O ka luna o ka mana i loa i kaupalena 'ia i loko o nā hiʻona a me ka buke, akā, ia mea maopopo leʻa i ka luna i loko o ka hooponopono kino. First candidacy o ka wā e hiki mai ka luna i kūkākūkā i ka 'Aha o na boyars. Ma hope iho o ia, ua kono ia ka hōʻailona o ka aelike hooiaio. Ua hooponopono ke kūlana loio a me ka moku'āina a me nā kuleana o ka mana ma ka pili ana i ka luna. noho me kona aloaliʻi i ka luna ma luna o nā outskirts o Novgorod. Ka luna i ka pono, e hana i na kanawai, e hai aku ke kaua a me ka maluhia. Together me Posadnik Haku i kauoha mai ai kaua. Ua loaʻa nā palena i ole ae i ka luna e consolidate i ke kulanakauhale, a waiho iā lākou i loko o ka lāʻau kulana.